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NQ 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop Weight Impact Height. REFERENCES Tool Type H&O (cm) 12 >320 12B >320 1. C. H. Nichols, Picatinny Arsenal Technical report PA-TR-4566 (May 1974). 2. G. Cowan, US Army Armament Materiel Command, private communication (1977). 3. Code of Federal Regulations, 49, Transportation Parts 100-199, Rev. 12-1-76 (Office of the Federal Register, General Services Administration, Washington, DC, 1976). 4. US Army Armament Materiel Command, Regulation No. AMCR 385-100 (1977). 5. W. D. Kumler and P. P. T. Sah, Journal of <strong>Org</strong>anic Chemistry 18, 669-675 (1953). 6. W. D. Kumler, Journal of the American Chemical Society 76,814-816 (1954). 7. W. C. McCrone, Analytical Chemistry 23,205-206 (1951). 8. J. Donohue and J. H. Bryden, Acta Crystallographica 8,314-316 (1955). 9. L. Medard and M. T. Thomas, Memorial des Poudres 31,173-196 (1949). 10. R. N. Rogers, Thermochimica Acta 11,131-139 (1975). 11. J. L. Block, US Naval Ordnance Laboratory report NAVORD-2705 (January 1953). 12. D. Price and A. R. Clairmont, US Naval Ordnance Laboratory report NOLTR 67-169 (February 1968). 60
OCTOL 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemical and Physical Description. Octal is the generic term for mixtures of TNT and HMX. In the United States, the mixtures consist of 75 wt% HMX and 25 wt% TNT (Type I) or 70 wt% HMX and 30 wt% TNT (Type II), also called Octal 75/25 and Octal 70/30. Neither mixture contains a desensitizer. To improve the flow characteristics of the molten form, a bimodal distribution of HMX crystals general- ly is used. 1.2 Common Use. Octal is often used as an explosive fill in military applications that require more energy than either Comp B or Type I Cyclotol can provide. 1.3 Toxicity.l*a Octal toxicity is like that of HMX and TNT. The suggested maximum concentration of HMX in air is 1.5 mg/m”. Inhaled TNT vapor or dust may irritate mucous membranes and cause sneezing, coughing, and sore throat. TNT may produce toxic hepatitis and aplastic anemia. TNT yellows the exposed skin, hair, and nails of workers. Dermatitis, erythema, papules, and itchy eczema can be severe. Ingestion of 1-2 g of TNT is estimated to be an acute fatal dose to humans. The suggested maximum permissible airborne dust concentration is 0.5 mg/ma. 2. MANUFACTURE AND PROCUREMENT 2.1 Manufacture. Octols are manufactured from TNT and water-wet HMX. The TNT is melted in a steam-jacketed kettle equipped with a stirrer and brought to about 100°C. The wet HMX is added slowly, and stirring is continued until the water is evaporated. The slurry temperature is reduced until the viscosity is satisfactory for casting. The octal is cast onto a continuous belt, as strips or chips. 61
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LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERI
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University of California Press Berk
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PART II. EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY P
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treats pure explosives first, alpha
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EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE
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BARATOL 2.3 Shipping.2 Baratol is s
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BARATOL 6 5.4 Thermal Conductivity.
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BARATOL 6.2 Detonation Pressure. We
Page 18 and 19: BARATOL REFERENCES . . 1. N. I. Sax
Page 20 and 21: COMP B slowly. Heating and stirring
Page 22 and 23: COMP B 14 3.3 Solubility.‘The sol
Page 24 and 25: COMP B 16 5.3 Heat Capacity. Heat C
Page 26 and 27: COMP B 18 6.2 Detonation Pressure.
Page 28 and 29: COMP B 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.12J8 Com
Page 30 and 31: COMP B 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 22
Page 32 and 33: CYCLOTOL 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
Page 34 and 35: CYCLOTOL 26 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
Page 36 and 37: CYCLOTOL 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
Page 38 and 39: CYCLOTOL where D = detonation veloc
Page 40 and 41: CYCLOTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Den
Page 42 and 43: DATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
Page 44 and 45: DATB 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Cry
Page 46 and 47: DATB 5.4 Thermal Conductivity, Cond
Page 48 and 49: DATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.9 Density k
Page 50 and 51: HMX* 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
Page 52 and 53: HMX 3.2 Molecular Weight. 296.17 3.
Page 54 and 55: HMX 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 46 5.1 Ph
Page 56 and 57: HMX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1 De
Page 58 and 59: HMX 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.” Density
Page 60 and 61: NITROGUANIDINE 1. GENERAL PROPERTIE
Page 62 and 63: NQ 54 4.2 Density.’ Crystal Metho
Page 64 and 65: NQ 56 5.6 Heats of Combustion and F
Page 66 and 67: NQ 6.2 Detonation Pressure. There a
Page 70 and 71: OCTOL These are shipped to an ordna
Page 72 and 73: 64 OCTOL 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
Page 74 and 75: OCTOL 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 66 5.1
Page 76 and 77: OCTOL 68 6.4 Plate Dent Test Result
Page 78 and 79: OCTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Weight
Page 80 and 81: PBX 9011 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
Page 82 and 83: PBX 9011 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
Page 84 and 85: PBX 9011 76 5.5 Coefficient of Ther
Page 86 and 87: PBX 9011 78 6.3 Cylinder Test Resul
Page 88 and 89: PBX 9011 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
Page 90 and 91: PBX 9011 82 9.3 Compressive Strengt
Page 92 and 93: PBX9404 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
Page 94 and 95: PBX 9404 86 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
Page 96 and 97: PBX 9404 88 4.3 Infrared Spectrum.
Page 98 and 99: PBX 9404 > 1 1 o- r 0 I I I, / PYRO
Page 100 and 101: PBX 9404 7. SHOCK INITIATION PROPER
Page 102 and 103: PBX 9404 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
Page 104 and 105: PBX 9404 8.5 Spark Sensitivity. Ele
Page 106 and 107: PBX 9404 REFERENCE‘S 1. Committee
Page 108 and 109: PBX 9407 2.3 Shipping.2 PBX-9407 mo
Page 110 and 111: PBX 9407 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
Page 112 and 113: PBX 9407 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES I
Page 114 and 115: PBX 9407 106 7.2 Wedge Test Results
Page 116 and 117: PBX 9407 9.3 Compressive Strength a
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PBX 9501 2.3 Shipping.* PBX-9501mol
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PBX 9501 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 112
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PBX 9501 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PBX 9501 7.3 Shock Hugoniot. Densit
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PBX 9501 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
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PBX9502 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9502 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9502 124 5.3 Heat Capacity. 5.4
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PBX 9502 6.3 Cylinder Test Results.
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PBX 9502 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1
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PENTAERYTHRITOLTETRANITRATE (PETN)
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PETN 3.2 Molecular Weight. 316.15 3
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PETN 4.4 Refractive Indices.s Omega
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PETN 5.7 Thermal Decomposition Kine
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PETN 138 7.2 Wedge Test Results. De
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, PETN 5. US Army Materiel Command,
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RDX developed into a continuous hig
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RDX 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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RDX 146 5.2 Vapor Pressure.8 Temper
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RDX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 148 6.
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RDX 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.” 8. SENSI
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TATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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TATB TATB solubility in sulfuric ac
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TATB 5.2 Vapor Pressure.6 A least s
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TATB I / / I I I I I I I ! \ I 1 \
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TATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.“+ A num
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TATB REFERENCES 1. T. M Benziger an
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TETRYL acetone. In the second proce
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TETRYL 2.5 100 80 60 % T 40 20 0 :;
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TETRYL 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1
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TETRYL 7.5 Detonation Failure Thick
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TNT 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemi
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TNT 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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TNT 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See Fig.
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TNT 178 5.5 Coefficient of Thermal
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TNT The charge preparation method a
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TNT 182 6.4 Plate Dent Test Results
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TNT 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.2aJ4 Densit
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TNT 9.3 Compressive Strength and Mo
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XTX8003 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8003 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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XTX 8003 5.7 Thermal Decomposition
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XTX 8003 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop We
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XTX8004 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8004 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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XTX 8004 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PART II EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY IP
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Explosive Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatex/20
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Explosive PBX 9007 PBX 9010 PBX 901
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Explosive Constituents X-0234-60 X-
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Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatexl20 Amatexl30
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NQ octo1 PAT0 Explosive PBX 9007 PB
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X-0234-60 X-0234-70 X-0234-80 X-028
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 2. THERMAL PROPE
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THERMAL PROPERTIES k2 = kl - (4, -
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Explosive PETN RDX TNT Table 2.03 C
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THERMAL PROPERTIES AEE = standard i
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THERMAL PROPERTIES Fig. 2.02. Pyrol
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,’ THERMAL PROPERTIES L Y !s :: B
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 228 Composition
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THERMAL PROPERTIES B Y !3 E E “I
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THERMAL PROPERTIES This assembly is
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3. DETONATION
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 236 Table 3.0
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Shot No. c-4394 E-4672 E-4067 E-406
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.06 CY
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Table 3.08 OCTOL DETONATION VELOCIT
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Rate Stick Shot ’ Diameter No. (m
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 246 Table 3.1
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Shot No. C-4436 E-3621 - Rate Stick
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Table 3.15 GENERAL CYLINDER TEST SH
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 252 Expansion
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Expansion Radius (mm) Table 3.19 X-
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N VI UY Table 3.21 X-0285 WALL VELO
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.25 X-
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Explosive Table 3.26 DETONATION (C-
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Analysis Line
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Explosive Tab
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3.4 Plate Den
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Exnlosive Table 3.46 (continued) De
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Explosive PBX 9501 x-0007 86 HMX/14
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85 RDX/lS Kel-F Explosive 88 RDXI12
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.47 LE
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.48 DE
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES PETN Ba
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES each sh
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SHOCK INITIATION’PROPERTIES Table
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 300 i;
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w R Table 4.04 NITROMETHANE Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 304 Tab
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 306 / D
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 308 2 0
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Table 4.06 (continued) Coordinates
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 312 I-
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 316 05
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Table 4.07 PETN (SINGLE CRYSTAL) Co
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Table 4.08 (continued) Shot Number
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 324 2 u
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 334 2T
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Initial Shock Parameters Table 4.12
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 342 Ini
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3 *a i 8 3 x j > f m e c u,, = (2.3
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 348 Dis
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w ul 0 Composition 95 wt% DATB, 5 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 5.5- 5.
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5 Table 4.17 (continued) Coordinate
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 40- 20
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Shot E-3120 3.370 $0.022 E-3131 2.4
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_. Shot Number E-771 E-781 B-4481 B
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 364 2 I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 366 0.6
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Composi
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Table 4.21 X-0219-50-14-10 Composit
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Composition 95 wt% NQ, 5 wt% Estane
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Shot Number (G?a) E-3245 16.2 5.904
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 380 c x
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w R Table 4.24 (continued) Reduced
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Table 4.25 XTX-8003 (EXTEX) Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 386 a--
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Table 4.27 PBX 9407 Compositon 94 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 390 3 g
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Table 4.28 PBX 9405 Cotiposition 93
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 394 c 5
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% OY Table 4.30 x-0250-40-19 Compos
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 398 Dis
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Table 4.32 95 TATB/2.5 Kel-F 800/2.
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Table 4.39 (continued) Coordinates
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z Table 4.44 FKM CLASS VII PROPELLA
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Theoretical Maximum Density >1.910
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Ammonium picrate Raratol(76/24) mix
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HMX-Based PBX 9011 PBX 9404 PBX-950
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 0.360 c
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 432 I I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Explosi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES TRANSIT
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 442 FOI
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5. SENSITIVITY TE
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Ammonium nitrate Ammonium picrate B
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-’ .-- _- ..- _ “. Cyclotol75/2
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Explosive RDX-Based with Metal Fill
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.2 Skid Test. Th
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Explosive Comp A-3 1.638 45 PBX 901
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.3 Large-Scale D
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.4 Spark Sensiti
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GLOSSARY ABH Amatex-20 ATNI BDNPA B
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NP OFHC ONT P-16 P-22 P-40 P-80 P-1
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AUTHOR IND Ablard, J. E. 141, 151 A
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SUBJECT INDEX ABH 461 Alex/20 204,
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pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)
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