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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.4 Spark Sensitivity. The spark sensitivity of an explosive is determined by sub- jecting the explosive to a high-voltage discharge from a capacitor. The discharge energy is increased and decreased until the spark energy that produces initiation in half, and only half, of the explosive samples is found. The explosive sample is placed in a holder. like that shown in Fig. 5.03. A polystyrene sleeve is cemented around a steel dowel leaving a 3/16-in.-diam by l/4- in.-high space to contain the sample. The sample is placed in the sleeve and covered with a lead-foil disk. A polystyrene ring is then clamped over the polystyrene sleeve to hold the foil and sample in place. The steel dowel provides the ground plane for the electrical circuit. To induce a spark, a needle, charged at high voltage, moves toward and penetrates the lead disk and then is retracted. The discharge takes place when the needle has penetrated the disk and a spark passes through the explosive to the grounded steel dowel. Spark in- it,iation of the explosive is evidenced by a ruptured lead disk; otherwise, the disk is intact except for a single puncture. The charged needle is moved in and out by a sewing-machine-like mechanism with a stroke duration of about 0.04 seconds. The needle is electrically connected to a variable-capacitance capacitor bank that is, in turn, connected to a variable power supply. Various combinations of voltage and capacitance can be selected to produce the variable spark energy required for the test. The energies given in the tables are found using E = l/2 CV”, where C = capacitance in farads, V = potential in volts, and E = spark energy in joules. 460 6Fd POLYSTYRENE CLAMPING RING POLYSTYRENE SLEEVE Fig. 5.03. Exploded view of sample holder.
ABH HMX Table 5.04 SPARK SENSITIVITY Energy, (J) SENSITIVITY TESTS 0.076-mm 0.254-mm Explosive Foil Foil Comments - Pure Explosives ICCP Lead chromate PADP HNAB PETN Potassium picrate PYX FtDX TACOT TCTNB Tetryl TNT Composition A Cyclotol(75/25) Octal (75/25) Pentolite (50/50) Ball Powder Detasheet HMX-based PBX 9011 PBX 9404 X-0298 PETN-Based LX-04 RDX- based PBX 9010 PBX 9205 PBX 9407 0.82 2.92 0.23 1.42 0.20 1.03 0.11 1.40 1.93 4.04 1.03 6.50 0.42 1.90 0.37 1.38 0.19 0.75 0.19 0.36 __- 0.41 0.73 0.54 1.17 -_- -_- 0.87 0.22 0.55 -_- 16.83 0.38 1.95 _-- 3.83 0.54 2.79 --- 4.00 0.46 3.75 0.46 2.75 Castable Mixtures 0.63 4.38 0.38 3.29 0.82 4.63 _-- 3.33 0.32 1.96 0.44 2.10 Other Mixtures 1.46 7.42 1.13 16.7 Plastic-Bonded Explosives 1.09 2.77 0.42 3.13 0.5 3.9 1.04 2.58 0.79 0.53 0.42 - 1.53 1.37 3.13 23% explosions Brass electrode Tested at 125°C 8% explosions Brass electrode Brass electrode Brass electrode 6% explosions Brass electrode 0% explosions 23% explosions 17% explosions 15% explosions Brass electrode 33% explosions 0% explosions 54% explosions 42% explosions 0% explosions 461
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LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERI
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University of California Press Berk
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PART II. EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY P
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treats pure explosives first, alpha
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EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE
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BARATOL 2.3 Shipping.2 Baratol is s
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BARATOL 6 5.4 Thermal Conductivity.
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BARATOL 6.2 Detonation Pressure. We
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BARATOL REFERENCES . . 1. N. I. Sax
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COMP B slowly. Heating and stirring
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COMP B 14 3.3 Solubility.‘The sol
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COMP B 16 5.3 Heat Capacity. Heat C
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COMP B 18 6.2 Detonation Pressure.
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COMP B 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.12J8 Com
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COMP B 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 22
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CYCLOTOL 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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CYCLOTOL 26 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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CYCLOTOL 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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CYCLOTOL where D = detonation veloc
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CYCLOTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Den
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DATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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DATB 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Cry
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DATB 5.4 Thermal Conductivity, Cond
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DATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.9 Density k
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HMX* 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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HMX 3.2 Molecular Weight. 296.17 3.
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HMX 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 46 5.1 Ph
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HMX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1 De
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HMX 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.” Density
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NITROGUANIDINE 1. GENERAL PROPERTIE
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NQ 54 4.2 Density.’ Crystal Metho
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NQ 56 5.6 Heats of Combustion and F
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NQ 6.2 Detonation Pressure. There a
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NQ 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop Weight I
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OCTOL These are shipped to an ordna
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64 OCTOL 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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OCTOL 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 66 5.1
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OCTOL 68 6.4 Plate Dent Test Result
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OCTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Weight
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PBX 9011 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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PBX 9011 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9011 76 5.5 Coefficient of Ther
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PBX 9011 78 6.3 Cylinder Test Resul
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PBX 9011 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9011 82 9.3 Compressive Strengt
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PBX9404 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9404 86 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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PBX 9404 88 4.3 Infrared Spectrum.
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PBX 9404 > 1 1 o- r 0 I I I, / PYRO
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PBX 9404 7. SHOCK INITIATION PROPER
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PBX 9404 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9404 8.5 Spark Sensitivity. Ele
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PBX 9404 REFERENCE‘S 1. Committee
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PBX 9407 2.3 Shipping.2 PBX-9407 mo
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PBX 9407 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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PBX 9407 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES I
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PBX 9407 106 7.2 Wedge Test Results
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PBX 9407 9.3 Compressive Strength a
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PBX 9501 2.3 Shipping.* PBX-9501mol
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PBX 9501 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 112
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PBX 9501 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PBX 9501 7.3 Shock Hugoniot. Densit
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PBX 9501 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
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PBX9502 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9502 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9502 124 5.3 Heat Capacity. 5.4
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PBX 9502 6.3 Cylinder Test Results.
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PBX 9502 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1
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PENTAERYTHRITOLTETRANITRATE (PETN)
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PETN 3.2 Molecular Weight. 316.15 3
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PETN 4.4 Refractive Indices.s Omega
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PETN 5.7 Thermal Decomposition Kine
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PETN 138 7.2 Wedge Test Results. De
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, PETN 5. US Army Materiel Command,
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RDX developed into a continuous hig
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RDX 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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RDX 146 5.2 Vapor Pressure.8 Temper
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RDX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 148 6.
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RDX 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.” 8. SENSI
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TATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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TATB TATB solubility in sulfuric ac
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TATB 5.2 Vapor Pressure.6 A least s
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TATB I / / I I I I I I I ! \ I 1 \
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TATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.“+ A num
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TATB REFERENCES 1. T. M Benziger an
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TETRYL acetone. In the second proce
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TETRYL 2.5 100 80 60 % T 40 20 0 :;
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TETRYL 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1
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TETRYL 7.5 Detonation Failure Thick
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TNT 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemi
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TNT 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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TNT 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See Fig.
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TNT 178 5.5 Coefficient of Thermal
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TNT The charge preparation method a
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TNT 182 6.4 Plate Dent Test Results
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TNT 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.2aJ4 Densit
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TNT 9.3 Compressive Strength and Mo
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XTX8003 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8003 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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XTX 8003 5.7 Thermal Decomposition
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XTX 8003 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop We
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XTX8004 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8004 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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XTX 8004 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PART II EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY IP
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Explosive Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatex/20
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Explosive PBX 9007 PBX 9010 PBX 901
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Explosive Constituents X-0234-60 X-
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Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatexl20 Amatexl30
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NQ octo1 PAT0 Explosive PBX 9007 PB
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X-0234-60 X-0234-70 X-0234-80 X-028
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 2. THERMAL PROPE
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THERMAL PROPERTIES k2 = kl - (4, -
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Explosive PETN RDX TNT Table 2.03 C
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THERMAL PROPERTIES AEE = standard i
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THERMAL PROPERTIES Fig. 2.02. Pyrol
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,’ THERMAL PROPERTIES L Y !s :: B
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 228 Composition
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THERMAL PROPERTIES B Y !3 E E “I
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THERMAL PROPERTIES This assembly is
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3. DETONATION
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 236 Table 3.0
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Shot No. c-4394 E-4672 E-4067 E-406
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.06 CY
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Table 3.08 OCTOL DETONATION VELOCIT
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Rate Stick Shot ’ Diameter No. (m
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 246 Table 3.1
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Shot No. C-4436 E-3621 - Rate Stick
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Table 3.15 GENERAL CYLINDER TEST SH
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 252 Expansion
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Expansion Radius (mm) Table 3.19 X-
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N VI UY Table 3.21 X-0285 WALL VELO
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.25 X-
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Explosive Table 3.26 DETONATION (C-
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Analysis Line
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Explosive Tab
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3.4 Plate Den
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Exnlosive Table 3.46 (continued) De
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Explosive PBX 9501 x-0007 86 HMX/14
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85 RDX/lS Kel-F Explosive 88 RDXI12
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.47 LE
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.48 DE
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES PETN Ba
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES each sh
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SHOCK INITIATION’PROPERTIES Table
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 300 i;
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w R Table 4.04 NITROMETHANE Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 304 Tab
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 306 / D
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 308 2 0
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Table 4.06 (continued) Coordinates
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 312 I-
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 316 05
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Table 4.07 PETN (SINGLE CRYSTAL) Co
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Table 4.08 (continued) Shot Number
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 324 2 u
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 334 2T
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Initial Shock Parameters Table 4.12
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 342 Ini
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3 *a i 8 3 x j > f m e c u,, = (2.3
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 348 Dis
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w ul 0 Composition 95 wt% DATB, 5 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 5.5- 5.
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5 Table 4.17 (continued) Coordinate
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 40- 20
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Shot E-3120 3.370 $0.022 E-3131 2.4
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_. Shot Number E-771 E-781 B-4481 B
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 364 2 I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 366 0.6
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Composi
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Table 4.21 X-0219-50-14-10 Composit
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Composition 95 wt% NQ, 5 wt% Estane
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Shot Number (G?a) E-3245 16.2 5.904
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 380 c x
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w R Table 4.24 (continued) Reduced
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Table 4.25 XTX-8003 (EXTEX) Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 386 a--
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Table 4.27 PBX 9407 Compositon 94 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 390 3 g
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Table 4.28 PBX 9405 Cotiposition 93
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 394 c 5
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% OY Table 4.30 x-0250-40-19 Compos
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 398 Dis
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Table 4.32 95 TATB/2.5 Kel-F 800/2.
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Table 4.39 (continued) Coordinates
Page 418 and 419: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
Page 422 and 423: z Table 4.44 FKM CLASS VII PROPELLA
Page 428 and 429: Theoretical Maximum Density >1.910
Page 430 and 431: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 422 Tab
Page 434 and 435: Ammonium picrate Raratol(76/24) mix
Page 436 and 437: HMX-Based PBX 9011 PBX 9404 PBX-950
Page 438 and 439: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 0.360 c
Page 440 and 441: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 432 I I
Page 442 and 443: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
Page 444 and 445: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Explosi
Page 448 and 449: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES TRANSIT
Page 450 and 451: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 442 FOI
Page 452 and 453: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 444 Tab
Page 454 and 455: SENSITIVITY TESTS 5. SENSITIVITY TE
Page 456 and 457: Ammonium nitrate Ammonium picrate B
Page 458 and 459: -’ .-- _- ..- _ “. Cyclotol75/2
Page 460 and 461: Explosive RDX-Based with Metal Fill
Page 462 and 463: SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.2 Skid Test. Th
Page 464 and 465: Explosive Comp A-3 1.638 45 PBX 901
Page 466 and 467: SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.3 Large-Scale D
Page 470 and 471: GLOSSARY ABH Amatex-20 ATNI BDNPA B
Page 472 and 473: NP OFHC ONT P-16 P-22 P-40 P-80 P-1
Page 474 and 475: AUTHOR IND Ablard, J. E. 141, 151 A
Page 476 and 477: SUBJECT INDEX ABH 461 Alex/20 204,
Page 478 and 479: pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)
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