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Shot No. C-4436 E-3621 - Rate Stick Diameter (mm) C-4438 25.4 E-4118 25.4 Table 3.13 X-0219 DETONATION VELOCITY vs RATE STICK DIAMETER 50.8 41.2 DfU Density Length/ (mm/w)” (s/ems) Diameter 7.555 f 0.002 1.912 12 7.531 f 0.018 1.920 6.2 7.462 f
Shot No. Table 3.14 XTX-8003 DETONATION VELOCITY vs RATE STICK DIAMETER Rate Stick Diameter (mm) DfU bdi.W DETONATION PROPERTIES Density Length/ khm~) Diameter Booster c 1.02 7.248 f 0.014 1.53 199 1E 30 0.45 7.244 f 0.016 1.53 452 1E 30 0.26 7.167 f 0.015 1.53 782 1E 30 0.19 7.087 ho.021 1.53 1069 lE30 “Fired in half-cylinder geometry confined in polycarbonate. bD is the average of the linear least squares detonation velocities obtained from the 41 shots, and c is the standard deviation of theD values about the average value. “Because these values are average results from 41 shots at each diameter, shot numbers are not listed. 3.2 Cylinder Test Performance. The cylinder test, developed at the Lawrence Livermore L,aboratory, is used to compare directly the dynamic performance of explosives or to derive empirical equations of state for their detonation products. A 1-in.-i.d. OFHC copper tube is filled with the test explosive. The tube wall thickness is ‘controlled to give a nominal loading of 4.0331 grams of copper per cubic centimeter of explosive. The explosive is detonated at one end of the tube, and a rotating mirror camera records tube wall expansion as a function of time. The camera slit is positioned at a point 9 diameters (228.6 mm) along the tube from the detonated emd. The wall position -vs- time record on the camera film is measured in approx- imately 500 places, and these data are fitted with a seventh-order polynomial or various splines. Wall velocities are then obtained by differentiating the fits. Fine detail in the wall motion can be resolved by increasing the number of knots in the spline-fitting form from 15 to 30 or 50. Given test explosive diameters at which detonation velocity varies little, the tube wall trajectory scales linearly with cylinder diameter. Therefore data from tests at nonstandard diameters are commonly scaled to 25.4 mm for comparison. For two common nonstandard diameters, 50.8 and 101.6 mm, the camera split is located at a position olnly six diameters distance along the tube from its detonated end. The detonation velocity of each explosive is monitored by 12 probes made of 50- pm-diam enameled copper wire and attached to the outside of the copper tube at 25-mm intervals. The charge temperature is kept at 24 f 2’C, and the charge is fired in a helium atmosphere to minimize shock refraction effects at early time. Cylinder wall velocity data at early times should be evaluated carefully, because the early expansion consists of a series of shock-induced accelerations accompanied by a pullback. Also the preferred test in a helium atmosphere may give slightly lower wall expansion values and velocity than similar tests in air. Wall velocity accuracy is thought to be 0.5% or better for high-quality explosives. 249
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LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERI
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University of California Press Berk
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PART II. EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY P
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treats pure explosives first, alpha
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EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE
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BARATOL 2.3 Shipping.2 Baratol is s
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BARATOL 6 5.4 Thermal Conductivity.
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BARATOL 6.2 Detonation Pressure. We
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BARATOL REFERENCES . . 1. N. I. Sax
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COMP B slowly. Heating and stirring
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COMP B 14 3.3 Solubility.‘The sol
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COMP B 16 5.3 Heat Capacity. Heat C
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COMP B 18 6.2 Detonation Pressure.
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COMP B 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.12J8 Com
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COMP B 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 22
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CYCLOTOL 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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CYCLOTOL 26 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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CYCLOTOL 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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CYCLOTOL where D = detonation veloc
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CYCLOTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Den
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DATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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DATB 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Cry
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DATB 5.4 Thermal Conductivity, Cond
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DATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.9 Density k
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HMX* 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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HMX 3.2 Molecular Weight. 296.17 3.
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HMX 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 46 5.1 Ph
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HMX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1 De
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HMX 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.” Density
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NITROGUANIDINE 1. GENERAL PROPERTIE
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NQ 54 4.2 Density.’ Crystal Metho
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NQ 56 5.6 Heats of Combustion and F
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NQ 6.2 Detonation Pressure. There a
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NQ 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop Weight I
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OCTOL These are shipped to an ordna
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64 OCTOL 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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OCTOL 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 66 5.1
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OCTOL 68 6.4 Plate Dent Test Result
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OCTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Weight
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PBX 9011 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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PBX 9011 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9011 76 5.5 Coefficient of Ther
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PBX 9011 78 6.3 Cylinder Test Resul
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PBX 9011 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9011 82 9.3 Compressive Strengt
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PBX9404 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9404 86 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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PBX 9404 88 4.3 Infrared Spectrum.
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PBX 9404 > 1 1 o- r 0 I I I, / PYRO
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PBX 9404 7. SHOCK INITIATION PROPER
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PBX 9404 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9404 8.5 Spark Sensitivity. Ele
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PBX 9404 REFERENCE‘S 1. Committee
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PBX 9407 2.3 Shipping.2 PBX-9407 mo
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PBX 9407 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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PBX 9407 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES I
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PBX 9407 106 7.2 Wedge Test Results
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PBX 9407 9.3 Compressive Strength a
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PBX 9501 2.3 Shipping.* PBX-9501mol
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PBX 9501 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 112
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PBX 9501 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PBX 9501 7.3 Shock Hugoniot. Densit
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PBX 9501 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
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PBX9502 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9502 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9502 124 5.3 Heat Capacity. 5.4
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PBX 9502 6.3 Cylinder Test Results.
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PBX 9502 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1
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PENTAERYTHRITOLTETRANITRATE (PETN)
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PETN 3.2 Molecular Weight. 316.15 3
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PETN 4.4 Refractive Indices.s Omega
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PETN 5.7 Thermal Decomposition Kine
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PETN 138 7.2 Wedge Test Results. De
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, PETN 5. US Army Materiel Command,
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RDX developed into a continuous hig
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RDX 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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RDX 146 5.2 Vapor Pressure.8 Temper
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RDX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 148 6.
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RDX 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.” 8. SENSI
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TATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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TATB TATB solubility in sulfuric ac
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TATB 5.2 Vapor Pressure.6 A least s
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TATB I / / I I I I I I I ! \ I 1 \
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TATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.“+ A num
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TATB REFERENCES 1. T. M Benziger an
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TETRYL acetone. In the second proce
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TETRYL 2.5 100 80 60 % T 40 20 0 :;
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TETRYL 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1
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TETRYL 7.5 Detonation Failure Thick
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TNT 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemi
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TNT 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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TNT 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See Fig.
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TNT 178 5.5 Coefficient of Thermal
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TNT The charge preparation method a
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TNT 182 6.4 Plate Dent Test Results
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TNT 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.2aJ4 Densit
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TNT 9.3 Compressive Strength and Mo
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XTX8003 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8003 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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XTX 8003 5.7 Thermal Decomposition
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XTX 8003 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop We
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XTX8004 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
Page 206 and 207: XTX 8004 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
Page 208 and 209: XTX 8004 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
Page 210 and 211: PART II EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY IP
Page 212 and 213: Explosive Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatex/20
Page 214 and 215: Explosive PBX 9007 PBX 9010 PBX 901
Page 216 and 217: Explosive Constituents X-0234-60 X-
Page 218 and 219: Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatexl20 Amatexl30
Page 220 and 221: NQ octo1 PAT0 Explosive PBX 9007 PB
Page 222 and 223: X-0234-60 X-0234-70 X-0234-80 X-028
Page 224 and 225: THERMAL PROPERTIES 2. THERMAL PROPE
Page 226 and 227: THERMAL PROPERTIES k2 = kl - (4, -
Page 228 and 229: Explosive PETN RDX TNT Table 2.03 C
Page 230 and 231: THERMAL PROPERTIES AEE = standard i
Page 232 and 233: THERMAL PROPERTIES Fig. 2.02. Pyrol
Page 234 and 235: ,’ THERMAL PROPERTIES L Y !s :: B
Page 236 and 237: THERMAL PROPERTIES 228 Composition
Page 238 and 239: THERMAL PROPERTIES B Y !3 E E “I
Page 240 and 241: THERMAL PROPERTIES This assembly is
Page 242 and 243: DETONATION PROPERTIES 3. DETONATION
Page 244 and 245: DETONATION PROPERTIES 236 Table 3.0
Page 246 and 247: Shot No. c-4394 E-4672 E-4067 E-406
Page 248 and 249: DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.06 CY
Page 250 and 251: Table 3.08 OCTOL DETONATION VELOCIT
Page 252 and 253: Rate Stick Shot ’ Diameter No. (m
Page 254 and 255: DETONATION PROPERTIES 246 Table 3.1
Page 258 and 259: Table 3.15 GENERAL CYLINDER TEST SH
Page 260 and 261: DETONATION PROPERTIES 252 Expansion
Page 262 and 263: Expansion Radius (mm) Table 3.19 X-
Page 264 and 265: N VI UY Table 3.21 X-0285 WALL VELO
Page 266 and 267: DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.25 X-
Page 268 and 269: Explosive Table 3.26 DETONATION (C-
Page 270 and 271: DETONATION PROPERTIES Analysis Line
Page 272 and 273: DETONATION PROPERTIES Explosive Tab
Page 288 and 289: DETONATION PROPERTIES 3.4 Plate Den
Page 290 and 291: Exnlosive Table 3.46 (continued) De
Page 292 and 293: Explosive PBX 9501 x-0007 86 HMX/14
Page 294 and 295: 85 RDX/lS Kel-F Explosive 88 RDXI12
Page 296 and 297: DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.47 LE
Page 298 and 299: DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.48 DE
Page 300 and 301: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES PETN Ba
Page 302 and 303: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
Page 304 and 305: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES each sh
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SHOCK INITIATION’PROPERTIES Table
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 300 i;
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w R Table 4.04 NITROMETHANE Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 304 Tab
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 306 / D
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 308 2 0
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Table 4.06 (continued) Coordinates
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 312 I-
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 316 05
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Table 4.07 PETN (SINGLE CRYSTAL) Co
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Table 4.08 (continued) Shot Number
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 324 2 u
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 334 2T
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Initial Shock Parameters Table 4.12
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 342 Ini
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3 *a i 8 3 x j > f m e c u,, = (2.3
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 348 Dis
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w ul 0 Composition 95 wt% DATB, 5 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 5.5- 5.
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5 Table 4.17 (continued) Coordinate
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 40- 20
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Shot E-3120 3.370 $0.022 E-3131 2.4
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_. Shot Number E-771 E-781 B-4481 B
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 364 2 I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 366 0.6
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Composi
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Table 4.21 X-0219-50-14-10 Composit
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Composition 95 wt% NQ, 5 wt% Estane
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Shot Number (G?a) E-3245 16.2 5.904
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 380 c x
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w R Table 4.24 (continued) Reduced
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Table 4.25 XTX-8003 (EXTEX) Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 386 a--
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Table 4.27 PBX 9407 Compositon 94 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 390 3 g
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Table 4.28 PBX 9405 Cotiposition 93
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 394 c 5
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% OY Table 4.30 x-0250-40-19 Compos
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 398 Dis
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Table 4.32 95 TATB/2.5 Kel-F 800/2.
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Table 4.39 (continued) Coordinates
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z Table 4.44 FKM CLASS VII PROPELLA
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Theoretical Maximum Density >1.910
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Ammonium picrate Raratol(76/24) mix
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HMX-Based PBX 9011 PBX 9404 PBX-950
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 0.360 c
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 432 I I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Explosi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES TRANSIT
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 442 FOI
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5. SENSITIVITY TE
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Ammonium nitrate Ammonium picrate B
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-’ .-- _- ..- _ “. Cyclotol75/2
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Explosive RDX-Based with Metal Fill
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.2 Skid Test. Th
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Explosive Comp A-3 1.638 45 PBX 901
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.3 Large-Scale D
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.4 Spark Sensiti
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GLOSSARY ABH Amatex-20 ATNI BDNPA B
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NP OFHC ONT P-16 P-22 P-40 P-80 P-1
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AUTHOR IND Ablard, J. E. 141, 151 A
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SUBJECT INDEX ABH 461 Alex/20 204,
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pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)
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