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PART II. EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY PROPERTIES ............. 1. Chemical Properties .......................................... 2. Thermal Properties ........................................... 2.1 Heat Capacity Determination .............................. 2.2 Thermal Conductivity ..................................... 2.3 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion .......................... 2.4 Thermal Decomposition Kinetics ........................... 2.5 Heats of Combustion and Formation ........................ 2.6 Differential Thermal Analysis and Pyrolysis Test ............ 2.7 Time-to-Explosion Test .................................... 3. Detonation Properties ......................................... 3.1 Detonation Velocity and Diameter Effect. ................... 3.2 Cylinder Test Performance ................................. 3.3 Detonation Pressure Determined from Initial Free-Surface Velocity ...................................... 3.4 Plate Dent Test ........................................... 3.5 Detonation Failure Thickness .............................. 4. Shock Initiation Properties .................................... 4.1Wedge Test Data ......................................... 4.2 Small- and Large-Scale Gap Tests .......................... 203 204 216 216 217 218 219 221 223 231 234 234 249 258 280 289 291 293 425 4.3 Minimum Primary Charge ................................. 433 4.4 Rifle Bullet Tests ......................................... 434 4.5 Miscellaneous Tests ....................................... 440 5. Sensitivity Tests ............................................. 446 5.1 Drop Weight Impact Test .................................. 446 5.2Skid Test ................................................. 454 5.3 Large-Scale Drop Test or Spigot Test ....................... 458 5.4 Spark Sensitivity .......................................... 460 GLOSSARY ........................................................ 462 AUTHORINDEX ................................................... 466 SUBJECT INDEX .................................................. 468 ... F 111
PREFACE This volume of the Los Alamos Series on Dynamic Materials Properties is designed to provide a single source of reliable data on high explosives in use or formerly used at the Los Alamos National Scientific Laboratory (LASL). These are the best LASL data available and, as revisions are made, new or better data will be added. The volume is divided into two major parts for the user’s convenience. Part I presents in one place the properties of explosives by explosive and summarizes all the property data and the results of various tests generally used to characterize explosives. It covers only pure explosives and explosive formulations that have been well characterized. However, for many of these materials there are some properties or test results that have not been determined and in those cases the section normal- ly used to list the property or test result has been omitted. Part 11,presents the properties of explosives by property or method of determination It covers many more materials, often those for which only one property has been determined. Part II permits ready comparison of explosives and, for a number of properties, contains detailed data that permit use of other data reduction methods, such as the user’s own fitting techniques. Because many explosives properties depend upon the exact details of charge preparation, and their determination depends upon the exact details of the testing procedures, many of the test procedures used in gathering these data are described. References on the test procedures and data are cited where possible; however, much of the data has been taken from unpublished internal LASL reports. If more than one group of data or conflicting data were available, we selected the most credible. Also, because almost all of these explosives are heterogeneous polycrystalline materials, some of their properties, especially initiation by strong shocks, depend upon such factors as charge density, the particle size distribution of the crystals, and the degree of crystal perfection. Therefore, Part II includes detailed descrip- tions of the test explosives wherever possible. In Part I the explosives are discussed alphabetically and the various plastic- bonded explosives, PBXs, and extrudable explosives, XTXs, are discussed in numerical order. Part II, because it covers many more explosives formulations, ix
Page 2 and 3: LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERI
Page 4 and 5: University of California Press Berk
Page 8 and 9: treats pure explosives first, alpha
Page 10 and 11: EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE
Page 12 and 13: BARATOL 2.3 Shipping.2 Baratol is s
Page 14 and 15: BARATOL 6 5.4 Thermal Conductivity.
Page 16 and 17: BARATOL 6.2 Detonation Pressure. We
Page 18 and 19: BARATOL REFERENCES . . 1. N. I. Sax
Page 20 and 21: COMP B slowly. Heating and stirring
Page 22 and 23: COMP B 14 3.3 Solubility.‘The sol
Page 24 and 25: COMP B 16 5.3 Heat Capacity. Heat C
Page 26 and 27: COMP B 18 6.2 Detonation Pressure.
Page 28 and 29: COMP B 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.12J8 Com
Page 30 and 31: COMP B 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 22
Page 32 and 33: CYCLOTOL 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
Page 34 and 35: CYCLOTOL 26 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
Page 36 and 37: CYCLOTOL 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
Page 38 and 39: CYCLOTOL where D = detonation veloc
Page 40 and 41: CYCLOTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Den
Page 42 and 43: DATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
Page 44 and 45: DATB 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Cry
Page 46 and 47: DATB 5.4 Thermal Conductivity, Cond
Page 48 and 49: DATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.9 Density k
Page 50 and 51: HMX* 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
Page 52 and 53: HMX 3.2 Molecular Weight. 296.17 3.
Page 54 and 55: HMX 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 46 5.1 Ph
Page 56 and 57:
HMX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1 De
Page 58 and 59:
HMX 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.” Density
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NITROGUANIDINE 1. GENERAL PROPERTIE
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NQ 54 4.2 Density.’ Crystal Metho
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NQ 56 5.6 Heats of Combustion and F
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NQ 6.2 Detonation Pressure. There a
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NQ 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop Weight I
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OCTOL These are shipped to an ordna
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64 OCTOL 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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OCTOL 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 66 5.1
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OCTOL 68 6.4 Plate Dent Test Result
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OCTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Weight
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PBX 9011 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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PBX 9011 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9011 76 5.5 Coefficient of Ther
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PBX 9011 78 6.3 Cylinder Test Resul
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PBX 9011 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9011 82 9.3 Compressive Strengt
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PBX9404 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9404 86 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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PBX 9404 88 4.3 Infrared Spectrum.
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PBX 9404 > 1 1 o- r 0 I I I, / PYRO
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PBX 9404 7. SHOCK INITIATION PROPER
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PBX 9404 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9404 8.5 Spark Sensitivity. Ele
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PBX 9404 REFERENCE‘S 1. Committee
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PBX 9407 2.3 Shipping.2 PBX-9407 mo
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PBX 9407 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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PBX 9407 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES I
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PBX 9407 106 7.2 Wedge Test Results
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PBX 9407 9.3 Compressive Strength a
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PBX 9501 2.3 Shipping.* PBX-9501mol
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PBX 9501 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 112
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PBX 9501 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PBX 9501 7.3 Shock Hugoniot. Densit
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PBX 9501 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
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PBX9502 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9502 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9502 124 5.3 Heat Capacity. 5.4
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PBX 9502 6.3 Cylinder Test Results.
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PBX 9502 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1
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PENTAERYTHRITOLTETRANITRATE (PETN)
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PETN 3.2 Molecular Weight. 316.15 3
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PETN 4.4 Refractive Indices.s Omega
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PETN 5.7 Thermal Decomposition Kine
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PETN 138 7.2 Wedge Test Results. De
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, PETN 5. US Army Materiel Command,
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RDX developed into a continuous hig
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RDX 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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RDX 146 5.2 Vapor Pressure.8 Temper
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RDX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 148 6.
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RDX 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.” 8. SENSI
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TATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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TATB TATB solubility in sulfuric ac
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TATB 5.2 Vapor Pressure.6 A least s
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TATB I / / I I I I I I I ! \ I 1 \
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TATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.“+ A num
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TATB REFERENCES 1. T. M Benziger an
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TETRYL acetone. In the second proce
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TETRYL 2.5 100 80 60 % T 40 20 0 :;
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TETRYL 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1
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TETRYL 7.5 Detonation Failure Thick
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TNT 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemi
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TNT 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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TNT 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See Fig.
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TNT 178 5.5 Coefficient of Thermal
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TNT The charge preparation method a
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TNT 182 6.4 Plate Dent Test Results
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TNT 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.2aJ4 Densit
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TNT 9.3 Compressive Strength and Mo
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XTX8003 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8003 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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XTX 8003 5.7 Thermal Decomposition
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XTX 8003 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop We
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XTX8004 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8004 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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XTX 8004 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PART II EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY IP
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Explosive Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatex/20
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Explosive PBX 9007 PBX 9010 PBX 901
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Explosive Constituents X-0234-60 X-
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Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatexl20 Amatexl30
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NQ octo1 PAT0 Explosive PBX 9007 PB
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X-0234-60 X-0234-70 X-0234-80 X-028
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 2. THERMAL PROPE
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THERMAL PROPERTIES k2 = kl - (4, -
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Explosive PETN RDX TNT Table 2.03 C
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THERMAL PROPERTIES AEE = standard i
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THERMAL PROPERTIES Fig. 2.02. Pyrol
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,’ THERMAL PROPERTIES L Y !s :: B
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 228 Composition
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THERMAL PROPERTIES B Y !3 E E “I
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THERMAL PROPERTIES This assembly is
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3. DETONATION
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 236 Table 3.0
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Shot No. c-4394 E-4672 E-4067 E-406
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.06 CY
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Table 3.08 OCTOL DETONATION VELOCIT
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Rate Stick Shot ’ Diameter No. (m
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 246 Table 3.1
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Shot No. C-4436 E-3621 - Rate Stick
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Table 3.15 GENERAL CYLINDER TEST SH
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 252 Expansion
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Expansion Radius (mm) Table 3.19 X-
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N VI UY Table 3.21 X-0285 WALL VELO
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.25 X-
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Explosive Table 3.26 DETONATION (C-
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Analysis Line
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Explosive Tab
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3.4 Plate Den
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Exnlosive Table 3.46 (continued) De
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Explosive PBX 9501 x-0007 86 HMX/14
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85 RDX/lS Kel-F Explosive 88 RDXI12
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.47 LE
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.48 DE
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES PETN Ba
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES each sh
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SHOCK INITIATION’PROPERTIES Table
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 300 i;
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w R Table 4.04 NITROMETHANE Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 304 Tab
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 306 / D
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 308 2 0
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Table 4.06 (continued) Coordinates
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 312 I-
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 316 05
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Table 4.07 PETN (SINGLE CRYSTAL) Co
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Table 4.08 (continued) Shot Number
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 324 2 u
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 334 2T
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Initial Shock Parameters Table 4.12
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 342 Ini
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3 *a i 8 3 x j > f m e c u,, = (2.3
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 348 Dis
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w ul 0 Composition 95 wt% DATB, 5 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 5.5- 5.
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5 Table 4.17 (continued) Coordinate
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 40- 20
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Shot E-3120 3.370 $0.022 E-3131 2.4
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_. Shot Number E-771 E-781 B-4481 B
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 364 2 I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 366 0.6
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Composi
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Table 4.21 X-0219-50-14-10 Composit
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Composition 95 wt% NQ, 5 wt% Estane
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Shot Number (G?a) E-3245 16.2 5.904
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 380 c x
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w R Table 4.24 (continued) Reduced
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Table 4.25 XTX-8003 (EXTEX) Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 386 a--
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Table 4.27 PBX 9407 Compositon 94 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 390 3 g
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Table 4.28 PBX 9405 Cotiposition 93
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 394 c 5
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% OY Table 4.30 x-0250-40-19 Compos
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 398 Dis
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Table 4.32 95 TATB/2.5 Kel-F 800/2.
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Table 4.39 (continued) Coordinates
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z Table 4.44 FKM CLASS VII PROPELLA
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Theoretical Maximum Density >1.910
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Ammonium picrate Raratol(76/24) mix
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HMX-Based PBX 9011 PBX 9404 PBX-950
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 0.360 c
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 432 I I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Explosi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES TRANSIT
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 442 FOI
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5. SENSITIVITY TE
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Ammonium nitrate Ammonium picrate B
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-’ .-- _- ..- _ “. Cyclotol75/2
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Explosive RDX-Based with Metal Fill
Page 462 and 463:
SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.2 Skid Test. Th
Page 464 and 465:
Explosive Comp A-3 1.638 45 PBX 901
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.3 Large-Scale D
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.4 Spark Sensiti
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GLOSSARY ABH Amatex-20 ATNI BDNPA B
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NP OFHC ONT P-16 P-22 P-40 P-80 P-1
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AUTHOR IND Ablard, J. E. 141, 151 A
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SUBJECT INDEX ABH 461 Alex/20 204,
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pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)
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