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THERMAL PROPERTIES B Y !3 E E “I i o- 0 230 I I I / / I I I , I, I I , I I I DTA /I_ PYRa.YSlS 3’L I t I I 1 / I I, I I II,, I lco 200 JW TEMPER*T”RE I% XTX 8003 PBX 9407 XTX 8004
$ DTA ! B L E z PYROLYW L A II ’ ’ ’ *60 ’ ’ ’ ’ L ’ ’ ’ ’ I ’ TEMPERlCiURE PC, \ THERMAL PROPERTIES PBX 9502 2.7 Time-to- Explosion Test. All explosives decompose exothermally at temperatu:res above absolute zero. When chemical decomposition produces heat faster than it can be dissipated to the surroundings, the explosive mass self-heats to explosion. In steady-state conditions, the temperature at which a thermal explosion is produced is called the critical temperature, Tm. A relatively simple expression for the critical temperature has been derived7 in terms of the kinetic and physical parameters. where Tm = - E2 , R InApQZE Tm2h& R = gas constant, 1.987 Cal/mole, A = radius of sphere, cylinder, or half-thickness of a slab, p = density, Q = bleat of decomposition reaction, Z = pre-exponential factor, E = activation energy, X = thermal conductivity, 6 = shape factor (0.58 for infinite slabs, 2.0 for infinite cylinders, 3.32 for spheres). The LASL method for determining critical temperatures is based on a time-to- explosion test that Henkin* developed. The explosive sample, usually 40 mg, is pressed into a DuPont E-83 aluminum blasting-cap shell and covered with a hollow, skirted plug. A conical punch is used to expand the plug and apply a reproducible 4OO-lb force. This plug expansion forms a positive seal and confines the sample in a known geometry. The density, which can be calculated from a sample thickness measurement, is usually about 90% of the crystal density. 231
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LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERI
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University of California Press Berk
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PART II. EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY P
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treats pure explosives first, alpha
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EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE
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BARATOL 2.3 Shipping.2 Baratol is s
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BARATOL 6 5.4 Thermal Conductivity.
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BARATOL 6.2 Detonation Pressure. We
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BARATOL REFERENCES . . 1. N. I. Sax
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COMP B slowly. Heating and stirring
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COMP B 14 3.3 Solubility.‘The sol
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COMP B 16 5.3 Heat Capacity. Heat C
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COMP B 18 6.2 Detonation Pressure.
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COMP B 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.12J8 Com
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COMP B 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 22
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CYCLOTOL 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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CYCLOTOL 26 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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CYCLOTOL 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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CYCLOTOL where D = detonation veloc
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CYCLOTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Den
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DATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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DATB 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Cry
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DATB 5.4 Thermal Conductivity, Cond
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DATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.9 Density k
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HMX* 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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HMX 3.2 Molecular Weight. 296.17 3.
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HMX 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 46 5.1 Ph
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HMX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1 De
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HMX 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.” Density
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NITROGUANIDINE 1. GENERAL PROPERTIE
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NQ 54 4.2 Density.’ Crystal Metho
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NQ 56 5.6 Heats of Combustion and F
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NQ 6.2 Detonation Pressure. There a
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NQ 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop Weight I
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OCTOL These are shipped to an ordna
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64 OCTOL 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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OCTOL 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 66 5.1
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OCTOL 68 6.4 Plate Dent Test Result
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OCTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Weight
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PBX 9011 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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PBX 9011 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9011 76 5.5 Coefficient of Ther
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PBX 9011 78 6.3 Cylinder Test Resul
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PBX 9011 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9011 82 9.3 Compressive Strengt
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PBX9404 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9404 86 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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PBX 9404 88 4.3 Infrared Spectrum.
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PBX 9404 > 1 1 o- r 0 I I I, / PYRO
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PBX 9404 7. SHOCK INITIATION PROPER
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PBX 9404 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9404 8.5 Spark Sensitivity. Ele
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PBX 9404 REFERENCE‘S 1. Committee
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PBX 9407 2.3 Shipping.2 PBX-9407 mo
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PBX 9407 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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PBX 9407 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES I
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PBX 9407 106 7.2 Wedge Test Results
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PBX 9407 9.3 Compressive Strength a
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PBX 9501 2.3 Shipping.* PBX-9501mol
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PBX 9501 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 112
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PBX 9501 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PBX 9501 7.3 Shock Hugoniot. Densit
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PBX 9501 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
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PBX9502 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9502 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9502 124 5.3 Heat Capacity. 5.4
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PBX 9502 6.3 Cylinder Test Results.
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PBX 9502 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1
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PENTAERYTHRITOLTETRANITRATE (PETN)
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PETN 3.2 Molecular Weight. 316.15 3
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PETN 4.4 Refractive Indices.s Omega
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PETN 5.7 Thermal Decomposition Kine
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PETN 138 7.2 Wedge Test Results. De
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, PETN 5. US Army Materiel Command,
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RDX developed into a continuous hig
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RDX 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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RDX 146 5.2 Vapor Pressure.8 Temper
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RDX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 148 6.
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RDX 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.” 8. SENSI
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TATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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TATB TATB solubility in sulfuric ac
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TATB 5.2 Vapor Pressure.6 A least s
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TATB I / / I I I I I I I ! \ I 1 \
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TATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.“+ A num
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TATB REFERENCES 1. T. M Benziger an
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TETRYL acetone. In the second proce
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TETRYL 2.5 100 80 60 % T 40 20 0 :;
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TETRYL 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1
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TETRYL 7.5 Detonation Failure Thick
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TNT 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemi
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TNT 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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TNT 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See Fig.
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TNT 178 5.5 Coefficient of Thermal
Page 188 and 189: TNT The charge preparation method a
Page 190 and 191: TNT 182 6.4 Plate Dent Test Results
Page 192 and 193: TNT 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.2aJ4 Densit
Page 194 and 195: TNT 9.3 Compressive Strength and Mo
Page 196 and 197: XTX8003 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
Page 198 and 199: XTX 8003 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
Page 200 and 201: XTX 8003 5.7 Thermal Decomposition
Page 202 and 203: XTX 8003 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop We
Page 204 and 205: XTX8004 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
Page 206 and 207: XTX 8004 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
Page 208 and 209: XTX 8004 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
Page 210 and 211: PART II EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY IP
Page 212 and 213: Explosive Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatex/20
Page 214 and 215: Explosive PBX 9007 PBX 9010 PBX 901
Page 216 and 217: Explosive Constituents X-0234-60 X-
Page 218 and 219: Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatexl20 Amatexl30
Page 220 and 221: NQ octo1 PAT0 Explosive PBX 9007 PB
Page 222 and 223: X-0234-60 X-0234-70 X-0234-80 X-028
Page 224 and 225: THERMAL PROPERTIES 2. THERMAL PROPE
Page 226 and 227: THERMAL PROPERTIES k2 = kl - (4, -
Page 228 and 229: Explosive PETN RDX TNT Table 2.03 C
Page 230 and 231: THERMAL PROPERTIES AEE = standard i
Page 232 and 233: THERMAL PROPERTIES Fig. 2.02. Pyrol
Page 234 and 235: ,’ THERMAL PROPERTIES L Y !s :: B
Page 236 and 237: THERMAL PROPERTIES 228 Composition
Page 240 and 241: THERMAL PROPERTIES This assembly is
Page 242 and 243: DETONATION PROPERTIES 3. DETONATION
Page 244 and 245: DETONATION PROPERTIES 236 Table 3.0
Page 246 and 247: Shot No. c-4394 E-4672 E-4067 E-406
Page 248 and 249: DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.06 CY
Page 250 and 251: Table 3.08 OCTOL DETONATION VELOCIT
Page 252 and 253: Rate Stick Shot ’ Diameter No. (m
Page 254 and 255: DETONATION PROPERTIES 246 Table 3.1
Page 256 and 257: Shot No. C-4436 E-3621 - Rate Stick
Page 258 and 259: Table 3.15 GENERAL CYLINDER TEST SH
Page 260 and 261: DETONATION PROPERTIES 252 Expansion
Page 262 and 263: Expansion Radius (mm) Table 3.19 X-
Page 264 and 265: N VI UY Table 3.21 X-0285 WALL VELO
Page 266 and 267: DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.25 X-
Page 268 and 269: Explosive Table 3.26 DETONATION (C-
Page 270 and 271: DETONATION PROPERTIES Analysis Line
Page 272 and 273: DETONATION PROPERTIES Explosive Tab
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3.4 Plate Den
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Exnlosive Table 3.46 (continued) De
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Explosive PBX 9501 x-0007 86 HMX/14
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85 RDX/lS Kel-F Explosive 88 RDXI12
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.47 LE
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.48 DE
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES PETN Ba
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES each sh
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SHOCK INITIATION’PROPERTIES Table
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 300 i;
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w R Table 4.04 NITROMETHANE Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 304 Tab
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 306 / D
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 308 2 0
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Table 4.06 (continued) Coordinates
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 312 I-
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 316 05
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Table 4.07 PETN (SINGLE CRYSTAL) Co
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Table 4.08 (continued) Shot Number
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 324 2 u
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 334 2T
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Initial Shock Parameters Table 4.12
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 342 Ini
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3 *a i 8 3 x j > f m e c u,, = (2.3
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 348 Dis
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w ul 0 Composition 95 wt% DATB, 5 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 5.5- 5.
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5 Table 4.17 (continued) Coordinate
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 40- 20
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Shot E-3120 3.370 $0.022 E-3131 2.4
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_. Shot Number E-771 E-781 B-4481 B
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 364 2 I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 366 0.6
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Composi
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Table 4.21 X-0219-50-14-10 Composit
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Composition 95 wt% NQ, 5 wt% Estane
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Shot Number (G?a) E-3245 16.2 5.904
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 380 c x
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w R Table 4.24 (continued) Reduced
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Table 4.25 XTX-8003 (EXTEX) Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 386 a--
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Table 4.27 PBX 9407 Compositon 94 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 390 3 g
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Table 4.28 PBX 9405 Cotiposition 93
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 394 c 5
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% OY Table 4.30 x-0250-40-19 Compos
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 398 Dis
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Table 4.32 95 TATB/2.5 Kel-F 800/2.
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Table 4.39 (continued) Coordinates
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z Table 4.44 FKM CLASS VII PROPELLA
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Theoretical Maximum Density >1.910
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Ammonium picrate Raratol(76/24) mix
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HMX-Based PBX 9011 PBX 9404 PBX-950
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 0.360 c
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 432 I I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Explosi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES TRANSIT
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 442 FOI
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5. SENSITIVITY TE
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Ammonium nitrate Ammonium picrate B
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-’ .-- _- ..- _ “. Cyclotol75/2
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Explosive RDX-Based with Metal Fill
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.2 Skid Test. Th
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Explosive Comp A-3 1.638 45 PBX 901
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.3 Large-Scale D
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.4 Spark Sensiti
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GLOSSARY ABH Amatex-20 ATNI BDNPA B
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NP OFHC ONT P-16 P-22 P-40 P-80 P-1
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AUTHOR IND Ablard, J. E. 141, 151 A
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SUBJECT INDEX ABH 461 Alex/20 204,
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pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)
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