5. Public Reporting as a Quality Improvement Strategy

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Abbreviations and Acronyms ADL Activities of daily living AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AMI Acute myocardial infarction ART Assisted reproductive therapy CABG Coronary artery bypass graft surgery CAHPS Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems CDC Centers for Disease Control CHF Congestive heart failure CHOP California’s Hospital Outcomes Project CHQC Cleveland Health Quality Choice CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CQG series Closing the Quality Gap: Revisiting the State of the Science series CSRS Cardiac Surgery Reporting System ED Emergency department EPC Evidence-based Practice Center HAI Healthcare acquired infection HAI Hospital acquired infections HCFA Health Care Financing Administration HEDIS Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set HER Hospital Effectiveness Report HMO Health Maintenance Organization HQA Hospital Quality Alliance LTC Long-term care MCO Managed care organization NH Nursing home NHS National Health Service PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention PPO Preferred provider organization PTCA Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty QI Quality improvement RAMR Risk adjusted mortality rates SFF Special focus facility TEP Technical Expert Panel TOO Task Order Officer VBAC Vaginal birth after cesarean 147
Appendix A. Literature Search Databases and Strings List of Electronic Databases for Searches Name Primary Search Platform Provider Medline OvidSP Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health EBSCO Literature (CINAHL) PsycINFO OvidSP Embase Embase Econlit EBSCO EBM Reviews: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) OvidSP Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) Health Economic Evaluations Database (HEED) Business Source Premier EBSCO Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS) ProQuest CSA EPOC Register of Studies Pearling/Citation search of identified studies Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group SCOPUS Grey Literature SciVerse NYAM Grey Literature Database New York Academy of Medicine Library Conference Papers ProQuest CSA AARP Ageline OvidSP Specific Searches Medline/CINAHL Search Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Ovid OLDMEDLINE(R) 1947 to May Week 2 2011 and Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations May 18, 2011 Date Searched: 05/18/2011; updated search through 12/31/2011 conducted on 1/12/2012 1 2 Benchmarking/ or Information Services/ or Information Dissemination/ or Disclosure/ or Access to Information/ or Mandatory Reporting/ Quality indicators, health care/ or Quality assurance, health care/ or Quality improvement/ or “process assessment (health care)”/ or “outcome assessment (health care)”/ or (quality adj2 indicator$).ti,ab. 3 1 or 2 4 exp Hospitals/ or exp Physicians/ or Nursing Homes/ or Home Care Services/ or Competitive Medical Plans/ or Health Maintenance Organizations/ or Managed Care Programs/ or Insurance, Health/ or Medicare/ or Medicaid/ or Hospices/ or Ambulatory Care/ or Skilled Nursing Facilities/ or Group Practice/ or exp Primary Health Care/ or Institutional Practice/ or Private Practice/ or Family Practice/ or Physicians, Family/ or Professional Practice/ or Allied Health Personnel/ or Outpatient clinics, hospital/ or Academic Medical Center/ or Health Care Sector/ or Hospital Administration/ or Public Health Administration/ or Long Term Care Facilit$.ti,ab. or health care cent$3.ti,ab. or health care provider$.ti,ab. or (coronary or cardiac or cardiolog$).ti,ab. A-1
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Evidence Report/Technology Assessme
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This report is based on research co
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Acknowledgments We would like to ac
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Public Reporting as a Quality Impro
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Tables Table A. Summary Evidence Ta
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and using reports and other decisio
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• Outcomes (specified for each Ke
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Methods A Technical Expert Panel fo
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setting), and the strength of the b
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Table A. Summary evidence table: ef
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was at the time the included studie
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6. Hibbard JH, Sofaer S. Best Pract
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access to essential information and
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providers, for purposes of this rev
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information and reduces comprehensi
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Methods Topic Nomination and Develo
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Table 1. Public reporting concepts
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• The public reporting was only a
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• Key Question 2. Harms included
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were retained, but they were not as
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Data Extraction Following full text
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Data Synthesis We separated studies
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Results Organization The results of
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Overview of Effectiveness of Public
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Access restrictions. It was unclear
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o The results of two studies sugges
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Key Question 5 What characteristics
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Long-term care • Studies that exa
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Harms (Key Question 2) • Two 52,6
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eport known as QualityCounts was pr
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Table 1. Study findings: hospital c
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o One study found that patients tre
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condition found declines for CHF (7
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developed (HCAHPS) and public repor
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Key Question 6. Context Two studies
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• Survey responses of hospitals i
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activity would influence hospital c
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Lab-Type Experiments The two articl
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Table 3. Summary of evidence: publi
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Individual Clinicians and Outpatien
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public reports influenced the contr
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New York State to trends in other S
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One study evaluated use of a Web si
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Patients. Patient reactions to publ
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Table 4. Summary of evidence: quali
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Table 4. Summary of evidence: Quali
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Health Plans Rating and reporting o
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The public reporting intervention i
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that included adjustment for severa
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Key Question 6. Context Five studie
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about patient-physician relationshi
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CAHPS results. Credibility of the r
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Page 119 and 120: Table 5. Summary of evidence: publi
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Summary of evidence: publi
Page 123 and 124: Long-Term Care Services Prior syste
Page 125 and 126: o Improvement in one QM (influenza
Page 127 and 128: studies that examined change and tr
Page 129 and 130: Table 6. Study findings: change in
Page 131 and 132: ehospitalizations for these patient
Page 133 and 134: improvements in the pain measure we
Page 135 and 136: Werner et al. 107 2012 included ext
Page 137 and 138: Table 7. Summary of evidence: long-
Page 147 and 148: Figure 3. Number of included quanti
Page 149 and 150: suggests the possibility that addit
Page 151 and 152: Table 8. Summary evidence table: Ef
Page 153 and 154: literature sources that we were abl
Page 155 and 156: of public reports have a wide range
Page 157 and 158: approaches to reducing bias in heal
Page 159 and 160: 21. Young G. Multistakeholder regio
Page 161 and 162: 60. Castle NG, Liu D, Engberg J. Th
Page 163 and 164: 99. Knutson DJ, Kind EA, Fowles JB,
Page 165 and 166: 141. Schneider EC, Epstein AM. Infl
Page 167 and 168: 181. Scanlo DP, Chernew M, McLaughl
Page 169: 222. Ketelaar NA, Faber MJ, Flottor
Page 173 and 174: CINAHL EBSCO Plus with Full Text Da
Page 175 and 176: EMBASE - Elsevier (1973-present) Da
Page 177 and 178: Public Affairs Information Service
Page 179 and 180: Full Text Review Include: Based on
Page 181 and 182: Appendix C. Included and Excluded S
Page 183 and 184: 29. Castle NG, Sonon K, Antonova J.
Page 185 and 186: 58. Gabel JR. When employers choose
Page 187 and 188: 86. Hibbard JH, Peters E, Dixon A,
Page 189 and 190: 117. Marshall M, Noble J, Davies H,
Page 191 and 192: 145. Pettijohn TL, Lawrence ME. The
Page 193 and 194: 174. Spranca MD, Elliott MN, Shaw R
Page 195 and 196: 6. NCQA releases HEDIS 2.0 standard
Page 197 and 198: 40. Pacific Business Group on Healt
Page 199 and 200: 74. The effect of report cards on M
Page 201 and 202: 110. MGMA addresses accuracy concer
Page 203 and 204: 137. Applebaum R, Kunkel S, Wilson
Page 205 and 206: 165. Barkauskas VH, Pohl JM, Benker
Page 207 and 208: 193. Bindman AB, Wholey DR, Christi
Page 209 and 210: 219. Bratzler DW. Development of na
Page 211 and 212: 247. Caldwell B. Employers use perf
Page 213 and 214: 275. Centre for R, Dissemination. P
Page 215 and 216: 301. Chesanow N. Managed care 1999.
Page 217 and 218: 329. Commonwealth Fund. Commission
Page 219 and 220: 358. Daly JM, Jogerst GJ. Associati
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386. DeLiberty RN. Developing a pub
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412. Doty MM, Koren MJ, Sturla EL,
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439. Elliott MN, Beckett MK, Kanous
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467. Feeley TW, Fly HS, Albright H,
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494. French J. 2003 E.I. Hood Award
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522. Ginsburg PB, Kemper, N. M. Hea
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551. Graham JD. Is reporting of qua
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581. Gruber T, Rudnitsky B. Can we
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608. Hardingham L. Informed decisio
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633. Heidenreich PA, Lewis WR, LaBr
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660. Hodgson ES, Simpson L, Lannon
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689. Izakovic M. New trends in the
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718. Kakkar A, Jacobson BC. Interne
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747. Ketelaar N, Faber M, Flottorp
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772. . Importance of stratification
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800. Leonardi MJ, McGory ML, Ko CY.
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827. Livingston EH. Bariatric surge
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856. Mantone J. Massachusetts site
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882. Mazza G, Fazzi B. Five good re
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907. McKibben L, Horan T, Tokars JI
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935. Miller R, Lazar J. Public repo
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963. Morrison K. The road to JCAHO
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989. National Committee for Quality
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1017. O’Malley C. Quality measure
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1045. Peabody J. Why we love qualit
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1073. Qaseem A, Snow V, Gosfield A,
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1100. Robinowitz DL, Dudley RA. Pub
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1129. Roski J, Kim MG. Current effo
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1156. Sangl JA, Wolf LF. Role of co
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1183. Schull MJ, Guttmann A, Leaver
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1212. Shea JA, Guerra CE, Weiner J,
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1238. Simpson AG, DeGuzman PB, Barb
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1264. Sofaer S. What information do
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1292. Stewart DW, Hickson GB, Pechm
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1320. Tjia J, Field TS, Fischer SH,
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1346. Van Beek K, Duchemin S, Gersh
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1374. Weingarten JP, Jr., Fan W, Pe
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1401. Wiljer D, Bogomilsky S, Catto
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1426. Zaslavsky AM, Shaul JA, Zabor
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Appendix E. Description of Public R
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Table E1. Descriptive information a
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Table E1. Descriptive information a
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Appendix F. Method for Quality Asse
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the time periods actually prior to
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Application to Public Reporting Thi
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Table G1. Quality assessment criter
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Table G1. Quality assessment criter
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Section A Appendix H. Hospitals: Qu
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Table H1. Hospital quantitative stu
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Section B Table H2. C Hospital quan
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Author, Year (QA) Baker 2003 4 (Fai
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Author, Year (QA) Clough 2002 10 (F
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Author, Year (QA) Dranove 2003 13 (
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Author, Year (QA) Foreman 1995 16 (
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Author, Year (QA) Guru 2006 19 (Fai
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Author, Year (QA) Hibbard 2003 24 (
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Author, Year (QA) Jang 2011 28 (Fai
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Author, Year (QA) Mennemeyer 1997 3
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Author, Year (QA) Omoigui 1996 34 (
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Author, Year (QA) Pope 2009 36 (Fai
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Author, Year (QA) 9. Context: Decis
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Author, Year (QA) Vladeck 1988 42 (
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Author, Year (QA) Wuebker, 2008 45
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Table I1. Hospital qualitative stud
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Section B Table I2. Hospital qualit
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Author, Year 10. KQ3:Results 11. KQ
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Author, Year 10. KQ3:Results design
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Author, 15. Funder of Research/ Yea
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Regarding the least useful aspects,
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Section A Appendix J. Individual Pr
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Author Year (QA) Hannan 1994 21 (Go
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Author Year (QA) Mukamel 1998 33 (F
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Author Year (QA) Werner 53 2005 (Go
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Author Year (QA) Glance 2008 48 (Fa
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Author Year (QA) Hannan 1994 21 (Go
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Author Year (QA) Results: KQ1: (Hea
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Author Year (QA) Ranganathan 2009 5
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Author Year (QA) Werner 2005 53 (Go
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Author Year Barr 2008 144 1. Study
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Author Year Casalino 2007 146 1. St
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Author Year Fanjiang 2007 150 1. St
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Author Year Friedber g 2010 151 1.
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Author Year 1. Study Purpose and/or
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Author Year Longo 2003 119 1. Study
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Author Year Marshall 2006 154 Mayth
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Author Year 1. Study Purpose and/or
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Author Year Schneid er 1996 138 Con
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Author Year Schultz 2001 158 Stein
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Author Year QA Beaulieu 2002 56 Fai
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Author Year QA Chernew 2004 58 Fair
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Author Year QA Farley 2002 62 Good
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Author Year QA Hendricks 2009 66 Po
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Author Year QA 1. Study Purpose and
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Author Year QA Beaulieu 2002 56 Fai
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Author Year QA Chernew 2004 58 Fair
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Author Year QA 11. Results: KQ1: (H
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Author Year QA Farely 2002 62 Good
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Author Year QA Fowles 2000 63 Good
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Author Year QA Jung 2010 68 Good Kn
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Author Year QA 11. Results: KQ1: (H
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Author Year QA Pham 2002 73 Good 11
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Author Year QA Tae-Seale 2004 76 Fa
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Appendix M. Health Plans: Qualitati
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Author Year Farley-Short 2002 162 1
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Author Year Gabel 1998 163 1. Study
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Author Year Gibbs 1996 164 1. Study
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Author Year 1. Study Purpose 2. Geo
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Author Year Harris- Koejetin 2000 1
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Author Year Hibbard 1997 171 1. Stu
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Author Year Hibbard 2001 178 Hibbar
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Author Year Paulsbo 2007 183 Peters
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Author Year Rosenthal 2007 186 1. S
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Author Year Scanlon 2001 188 1. Stu
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Author Year Spranca 2000 190 1. Stu
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Author Year Teleki 2007 192 1. Stud
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Author Year Uhrig 2006 194 1. Study
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Section A Appendix N. Long-Term Car
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Author Year Jung 2010 85 Konetzka 2
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Author Year Werner 2009a 92 Werner
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Author Year Zinn 2010 99 1. Study P
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Author Year Castle 2007 79 Cont. 11
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Author Year Castle 2010 81 11. Resu
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Author Year Jung 2010 85 11. Result
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Author Year Mukamel 2008 86 Mukamel
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Author Year Park 2011 b 90 11. Resu
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Author Year Werner 2009 b 93 11. Re
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Author Year Werner 2010 94 Werner 2
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Author Year Zinn 2005 97 11. Result
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Author Year Zinn 2010 99 11. Result
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Appendix O. Long-Term Care: Qualita
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Author Year Castle 2005 197 1. Stud
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Author Year Gerteis 2007 198 1. Stu
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References 1. AHRQ. Methods Guide f
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36. Pope DG. Reacting to rankings:
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77. Wedig GJ, Tai-Seale M. The effe
Page 641 and 642:
118. Laschober M, Maxfield M, Felt-
Page 643 and 644:
157. Pettijohn TL, Lawrence ME. The
Page 645:
198. Gerteis M, Gerteis JS, Newman
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