5. Public Reporting as a Quality Improvement Strategy

Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ ES-1
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1
Definition of Public Reporting and Scope .................................................................................. 3
Objectives and Key Questions .................................................................................................... 4
Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Topic Nomination and Development .......................................................................................... 8
Search Strategy ........................................................................................................................... 8
Study Selection ......................................................................................................................... 10
PICOTS Framework ................................................................................................................. 12
Populations ............................................................................................................................ 12
Intervention ........................................................................................................................... 13
Comparators .......................................................................................................................... 13
Outcomes (Specified for Each Key Question) ...................................................................... 13
Timing ................................................................................................................................... 15
Settings .................................................................................................................................. 15
Types of Studies ........................................................................................................................ 15
Analytic Framework ................................................................................................................. 16
Data Extraction ......................................................................................................................... 18
Quality Assessment of Individual Included Studies ................................................................. 18
Data Synthesis ........................................................................................................................... 20
Rating the Body of Evidence for Each Key Question .............................................................. 20
Applicability ............................................................................................................................. 20
Peer Review and Public Commentary ...................................................................................... 21
Results .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Organization .............................................................................................................................. 22
Search Results ........................................................................................................................... 22
Overview of Effectiveness of Public Reporting as a Quality Improvement Strategy .............. 24
Summary of Results by Key Question .................................................................................. 24
Effectiveness of Public Reporting by Health Care Setting ....................................................... 32
Hospitals ............................................................................................................................... 32
Individual Clinicians and Outpatient Clinics ........................................................................ 68
Health Plans .......................................................................................................................... 82
Long-Term Care Services ................................................................................................... 100
Discussion................................................................................................................................... 123
Discussion by Key Question ................................................................................................... 124
Applicability ........................................................................................................................... 128
Limitations of the Review ....................................................................................................... 129
Limitations of the Research on Public Reporting ................................................................... 130
Future Research ...................................................................................................................... 131
Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 134
References .................................................................................................................................. 135
Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................. 147
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