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5. Public Reporting as a Quality Improvement Strategy

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Table G1. <strong>Quality</strong> <strong>as</strong>sessment criteria for quantitative studies (continued)<br />

Author Year<br />

Adequate<br />

Randomization<br />

(for RCTs) or<br />

appropriateness<br />

of the comparison<br />

groups or time<br />

periods?<br />

How similar<br />

are groups at<br />

b<strong>as</strong>eline or<br />

how well did<br />

the analysis<br />

control for<br />

differences?<br />

How well does<br />

the design or<br />

analyses<br />

account for<br />

important<br />

potential<br />

confounding?<br />

G-5<br />

How well<br />

does the<br />

study rule<br />

out any<br />

impact from<br />

an<br />

unintended<br />

exposure or<br />

a concurrent<br />

intervention<br />

or that might<br />

bi<strong>as</strong> results?<br />

How well are<br />

all potential<br />

outcomes<br />

prespecified<br />

and are the<br />

prespecified<br />

outcomes<br />

reported?<br />

How well are<br />

primary<br />

outcomes<br />

<strong>as</strong>sessed?<br />

Were valid<br />

and reliable<br />

me<strong>as</strong>ures<br />

used and<br />

implemented<br />

consistently<br />

across all<br />

study<br />

participants/<br />

groups?<br />

Werner 93 2009 Good Good Good Good Good Good Good<br />

Werner 94 2010 Good Good Fair Good Good Good Good<br />

Werner 95 2011 Good Fair Good Good Good Good Good<br />

Werner 96 2012 Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good<br />

Zinn 97 2005 Good Good Fair NA post only Good Good Fair<br />

Zinn 98 2008 Good Good Good Good Good Fair Good<br />

Zinn 99 2010 NA Fair Good Unclear Good Fair Fair<br />

Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; QA, quality <strong>as</strong>sessment; RCT, randomized controlled trial.<br />

Overall<br />

QA

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