5. Public Reporting as a Quality Improvement Strategy

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733. Kenkel PJ. New England HMOs, employers proceed with ‘report card’. Mod Healthc. 1994 Apr 11;24(15):18. PMID: 10132901. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 734. Kennedy DM, Caselli RJ, Berry LL. A roadmap for improving healthcare service quality. J Healthc Manag. 2011 Nov-Dec;56(6):385-400; discussion -2. PMID: 22201201. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 735. Kennedy K, Mirmirani S, Spivack R. Continuous quality improvement in health maintenance organizations: an application of the HEDIS model. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 1996;9(4):4-9. PMID: 10159577. Exclusion reason: Wrong topic 736. Kennedy P, Pronovost P. Shepherding change: how the market, healthcare providers, and public policy can deliver quality care for the 21st century. Crit Care Med. 2006 Mar;34(3 Suppl):S1-6. PMID: 16477197. Exclusion reason: Wrong topic 737. Keogh B, Spiegelhalter D, Bailey A, et al. The legacy of Bristol: public disclosure of individual surgeons’ results. BMJ. 2004 Aug 21;329(7463):450-4. PMID: 15321906. Exclusion reason: Background 738. Keogh BE. Logistic, additive or historical: is EuroSCORE an appropriate model for comparing individual surgeons’ performance? Heart. 2006 Dec;92(12):1715-6. PMID: 17005714. Exclusion reason: Methods 739. Keogh BE, Bridgewater B. Toward public disclosure of surgical results: experience of cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom. Thorac Surg Clin. 2007 Aug;17(3):403-11, vii. PMID: 18072362. Exclusion reason: Background 740. Kernich CA, Creighton FA. Academia and the medical group practice interface: the 2003 Institute of Medicine quality report and medication management. J Med Pract Manage. 2006 Jul-Aug;22(1):45-8. PMID: 16986641. Exclusion reason: Background 741. Kernisan LP, Lee SJ, Boscardin WJ, et al. Association between hospital-reported Leapfrog Safe Practices Scores and inpatient mortality. JAMA. 2009 Apr 1;301(13):1341-8. PMID: 19336709. Exclusion reason: Methods 742. Kerr EA, McGlynn EA, Adams J, et al. Profiling the quality of care in twelve communities: results from the CQI study. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004 May- Jun;23(3):247-56. PMID: 15160823. Exclusion reason: Wrong topic 743. Kertesz L. Kaiser releases HEDIS information. Mod Healthc. 1994 Jul 11;24(28):6. PMID: 10135043. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 744. Kertesz L. Calif. report card uses uniform data. Mod Healthc. 1996 Jun 17;26(25):102. PMID: 10157994. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 745. Kertesz L. Report card given an ‘F’. Groups dispute study critical of managed behavioral care. Mod Healthc. 1997 Oct 13;27(41):64. PMID: 10173651. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 746. Kesselheim AS, Ferris TG, Studdert DM. Will physician-level measures of clinical performance be used in medical malpractice litigation? JAMA. 2006 Apr 19;295(15):1831-4. PMID: 16622145. Exclusion reason: Wrong topic C-66
747. Ketelaar N, Faber M, Flottorp S, et al. The effectiveness of the public release of performance data in changing consumer, healthcare professional or organisational behaviour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009(1). Exclusion reason: No outcome data 748. Ketelaar NA, Faber MJ, Flottorp S, et al. Public release of performance data in changing the behaviour of healthcare consumers, professionals or organisations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11: CD004538. PMID: 22071813. Exclusion reason: Background 749. Keyhani S, Siu AL. The Underuse of Overuse Research. Health Serv Res. 2008;43(6):1923-30. Exclusion reason: Wrong topic 750. Khanduja K, Scales DC, Adhikari NK. Pay for performance in the intensive care unitopportunity or threat? Crit Care Med. 2009 Mar;37(3):852-8. PMID: 19237887. Exclusion reason: Wrong topic 751. Khanna V, Silverman H, Schwartz J. Disclosure of operating practices by managed-care organizations to consumers of healthcare: obligations of informed consent. J Clin Ethics. 1998 Fall;9(3):291-6. PMID: 10029829. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 752. Khare RK, Courtney DM, Kang R, et al. The relationship between the emergent primary percutaneous coronary intervention quality measure and inpatient myocardial infarction mortality. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Aug;17(8):793-800. PMID: 20670315. Exclusion reason: Wrong topic 753. Kirchheimer B. The patient’s perspective. Hospitals must report patient-satisfaction data or face a financial hit; for many it’s just business as usual, for others it poses some challenges. Mod Healthc. 2007 Jul 23;37(29):26-8. PMID: 17844794. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 754. Kleger GR, Fassler E. Can circuit lifetime be a quality indicator in continuous renal replacement therapy in the critically ill? Int J Artif Organs. 2010 Mar;33(3):139-46. PMID: 20383858. Exclusion reason: Wrong topic 755. Klein AA, Nashef SA. Perception and reporting of cardiac surgical performance. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2008 Sep;12(3):184-90. PMID: 18805853. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 756. Klein DH. The power of `report cards’. Inquiry. 1994 Winter94/95;31(4):361. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 757. Klein LW, Ho KK, Singh M, et al. Quality assessment and improvement in interventional cardiology: a Position Statement of the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Part II: public reporting and risk adjustment. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2011 Oct 1;78(4):493-502. PMID: 21547998. Exclusion reason: No outcome data 758. Knapp C. Bronson Methodist Hospital: journey to excellence in quality and safety. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2006 Oct;32(10):556-63. PMID: 17066993. Exclusion reason: No outcome data C-67
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Evidence Report/Technology Assessme
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This report is based on research co
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Acknowledgments We would like to ac
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Public Reporting as a Quality Impro
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Tables Table A. Summary Evidence Ta
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and using reports and other decisio
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• Outcomes (specified for each Ke
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Methods A Technical Expert Panel fo
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setting), and the strength of the b
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Table A. Summary evidence table: ef
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was at the time the included studie
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6. Hibbard JH, Sofaer S. Best Pract
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access to essential information and
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providers, for purposes of this rev
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information and reduces comprehensi
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Methods Topic Nomination and Develo
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Table 1. Public reporting concepts
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• The public reporting was only a
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• Key Question 2. Harms included
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were retained, but they were not as
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Data Extraction Following full text
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Data Synthesis We separated studies
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Results Organization The results of
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Overview of Effectiveness of Public
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Access restrictions. It was unclear
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o The results of two studies sugges
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Key Question 5 What characteristics
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Long-term care • Studies that exa
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Harms (Key Question 2) • Two 52,6
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eport known as QualityCounts was pr
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Table 1. Study findings: hospital c
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o One study found that patients tre
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condition found declines for CHF (7
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developed (HCAHPS) and public repor
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Key Question 6. Context Two studies
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• Survey responses of hospitals i
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activity would influence hospital c
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Lab-Type Experiments The two articl
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Table 3. Summary of evidence: publi
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Individual Clinicians and Outpatien
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public reports influenced the contr
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New York State to trends in other S
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One study evaluated use of a Web si
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Patients. Patient reactions to publ
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Table 4. Summary of evidence: quali
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Table 4. Summary of evidence: Quali
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Health Plans Rating and reporting o
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The public reporting intervention i
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that included adjustment for severa
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Key Question 6. Context Five studie
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about patient-physician relationshi
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CAHPS results. Credibility of the r
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Long-Term Care Services Prior syste
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o Improvement in one QM (influenza
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studies that examined change and tr
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Table 6. Study findings: change in
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ehospitalizations for these patient
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improvements in the pain measure we
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Werner et al. 107 2012 included ext
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Table 7. Summary of evidence: long-
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Figure 3. Number of included quanti
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suggests the possibility that addit
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Table 8. Summary evidence table: Ef
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literature sources that we were abl
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of public reports have a wide range
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approaches to reducing bias in heal
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21. Young G. Multistakeholder regio
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60. Castle NG, Liu D, Engberg J. Th
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99. Knutson DJ, Kind EA, Fowles JB,
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141. Schneider EC, Epstein AM. Infl
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181. Scanlo DP, Chernew M, McLaughl
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222. Ketelaar NA, Faber MJ, Flottor
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Appendix A. Literature Search Datab
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CINAHL EBSCO Plus with Full Text Da
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EMBASE - Elsevier (1973-present) Da
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Public Affairs Information Service
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Full Text Review Include: Based on
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Appendix C. Included and Excluded S
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29. Castle NG, Sonon K, Antonova J.
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58. Gabel JR. When employers choose
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86. Hibbard JH, Peters E, Dixon A,
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117. Marshall M, Noble J, Davies H,
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145. Pettijohn TL, Lawrence ME. The
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174. Spranca MD, Elliott MN, Shaw R
Page 195 and 196: 6. NCQA releases HEDIS 2.0 standard
Page 197 and 198: 40. Pacific Business Group on Healt
Page 199 and 200: 74. The effect of report cards on M
Page 201 and 202: 110. MGMA addresses accuracy concer
Page 203 and 204: 137. Applebaum R, Kunkel S, Wilson
Page 205 and 206: 165. Barkauskas VH, Pohl JM, Benker
Page 207 and 208: 193. Bindman AB, Wholey DR, Christi
Page 209 and 210: 219. Bratzler DW. Development of na
Page 211 and 212: 247. Caldwell B. Employers use perf
Page 213 and 214: 275. Centre for R, Dissemination. P
Page 215 and 216: 301. Chesanow N. Managed care 1999.
Page 217 and 218: 329. Commonwealth Fund. Commission
Page 219 and 220: 358. Daly JM, Jogerst GJ. Associati
Page 221 and 222: 386. DeLiberty RN. Developing a pub
Page 223 and 224: 412. Doty MM, Koren MJ, Sturla EL,
Page 225 and 226: 439. Elliott MN, Beckett MK, Kanous
Page 227 and 228: 467. Feeley TW, Fly HS, Albright H,
Page 229 and 230: 494. French J. 2003 E.I. Hood Award
Page 231 and 232: 522. Ginsburg PB, Kemper, N. M. Hea
Page 233 and 234: 551. Graham JD. Is reporting of qua
Page 235 and 236: 581. Gruber T, Rudnitsky B. Can we
Page 237 and 238: 608. Hardingham L. Informed decisio
Page 239 and 240: 633. Heidenreich PA, Lewis WR, LaBr
Page 241 and 242: 660. Hodgson ES, Simpson L, Lannon
Page 243 and 244: 689. Izakovic M. New trends in the
Page 245: 718. Kakkar A, Jacobson BC. Interne
Page 249 and 250: 772. . Importance of stratification
Page 251 and 252: 800. Leonardi MJ, McGory ML, Ko CY.
Page 253 and 254: 827. Livingston EH. Bariatric surge
Page 255 and 256: 856. Mantone J. Massachusetts site
Page 257 and 258: 882. Mazza G, Fazzi B. Five good re
Page 259 and 260: 907. McKibben L, Horan T, Tokars JI
Page 261 and 262: 935. Miller R, Lazar J. Public repo
Page 263 and 264: 963. Morrison K. The road to JCAHO
Page 265 and 266: 989. National Committee for Quality
Page 267 and 268: 1017. O’Malley C. Quality measure
Page 269 and 270: 1045. Peabody J. Why we love qualit
Page 271 and 272: 1073. Qaseem A, Snow V, Gosfield A,
Page 273 and 274: 1100. Robinowitz DL, Dudley RA. Pub
Page 275 and 276: 1129. Roski J, Kim MG. Current effo
Page 277 and 278: 1156. Sangl JA, Wolf LF. Role of co
Page 279 and 280: 1183. Schull MJ, Guttmann A, Leaver
Page 281 and 282: 1212. Shea JA, Guerra CE, Weiner J,
Page 283 and 284: 1238. Simpson AG, DeGuzman PB, Barb
Page 285 and 286: 1264. Sofaer S. What information do
Page 287 and 288: 1292. Stewart DW, Hickson GB, Pechm
Page 289 and 290: 1320. Tjia J, Field TS, Fischer SH,
Page 291 and 292: 1346. Van Beek K, Duchemin S, Gersh
Page 293 and 294: 1374. Weingarten JP, Jr., Fan W, Pe
Page 295 and 296: 1401. Wiljer D, Bogomilsky S, Catto
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1426. Zaslavsky AM, Shaul JA, Zabor
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Appendix E. Description of Public R
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Table E1. Descriptive information a
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Table E1. Descriptive information a
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Appendix F. Method for Quality Asse
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the time periods actually prior to
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Application to Public Reporting Thi
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Table G1. Quality assessment criter
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Table G1. Quality assessment criter
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Section A Appendix H. Hospitals: Qu
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Table H1. Hospital quantitative stu
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Section B Table H2. C Hospital quan
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Author, Year (QA) Baker 2003 4 (Fai
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Author, Year (QA) Clough 2002 10 (F
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Author, Year (QA) Dranove 2003 13 (
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Author, Year (QA) Foreman 1995 16 (
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Author, Year (QA) Guru 2006 19 (Fai
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Author, Year (QA) Hibbard 2003 24 (
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Author, Year (QA) Jang 2011 28 (Fai
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Author, Year (QA) Mennemeyer 1997 3
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Author, Year (QA) Omoigui 1996 34 (
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Author, Year (QA) Pope 2009 36 (Fai
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Author, Year (QA) 9. Context: Decis
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Author, Year (QA) Vladeck 1988 42 (
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Author, Year (QA) Wuebker, 2008 45
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Table I1. Hospital qualitative stud
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Section B Table I2. Hospital qualit
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Author, Year 10. KQ3:Results 11. KQ
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Author, Year 10. KQ3:Results design
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Author, 15. Funder of Research/ Yea
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Regarding the least useful aspects,
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Section A Appendix J. Individual Pr
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Author Year (QA) Hannan 1994 21 (Go
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Author Year (QA) Mukamel 1998 33 (F
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Author Year (QA) Werner 53 2005 (Go
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Author Year (QA) Glance 2008 48 (Fa
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Author Year (QA) Hannan 1994 21 (Go
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Author Year (QA) Results: KQ1: (Hea
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Author Year (QA) Ranganathan 2009 5
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Author Year (QA) Werner 2005 53 (Go
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Author Year Barr 2008 144 1. Study
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Author Year Casalino 2007 146 1. St
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Author Year Fanjiang 2007 150 1. St
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Author Year Friedber g 2010 151 1.
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Author Year 1. Study Purpose and/or
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Author Year Longo 2003 119 1. Study
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Author Year Marshall 2006 154 Mayth
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Author Year 1. Study Purpose and/or
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Author Year Schneid er 1996 138 Con
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Author Year Schultz 2001 158 Stein
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Author Year QA Beaulieu 2002 56 Fai
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Author Year QA Chernew 2004 58 Fair
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Author Year QA Farley 2002 62 Good
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Author Year QA Hendricks 2009 66 Po
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Author Year QA 1. Study Purpose and
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Author Year QA Beaulieu 2002 56 Fai
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Author Year QA Chernew 2004 58 Fair
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Author Year QA 11. Results: KQ1: (H
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Author Year QA Farely 2002 62 Good
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Author Year QA Fowles 2000 63 Good
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Author Year QA Jung 2010 68 Good Kn
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Author Year QA 11. Results: KQ1: (H
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Author Year QA Pham 2002 73 Good 11
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Author Year QA Tae-Seale 2004 76 Fa
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Appendix M. Health Plans: Qualitati
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Author Year Farley-Short 2002 162 1
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Author Year Gabel 1998 163 1. Study
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Author Year Gibbs 1996 164 1. Study
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Author Year 1. Study Purpose 2. Geo
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Author Year Harris- Koejetin 2000 1
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Author Year Hibbard 1997 171 1. Stu
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Author Year Hibbard 2001 178 Hibbar
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Author Year Paulsbo 2007 183 Peters
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Author Year Rosenthal 2007 186 1. S
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Author Year Scanlon 2001 188 1. Stu
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Author Year Spranca 2000 190 1. Stu
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Author Year Teleki 2007 192 1. Stud
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Author Year Uhrig 2006 194 1. Study
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Section A Appendix N. Long-Term Car
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Author Year Jung 2010 85 Konetzka 2
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Author Year Werner 2009a 92 Werner
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Author Year Zinn 2010 99 1. Study P
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Author Year Castle 2007 79 Cont. 11
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Author Year Castle 2010 81 11. Resu
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Author Year Jung 2010 85 11. Result
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Author Year Mukamel 2008 86 Mukamel
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Author Year Park 2011 b 90 11. Resu
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Author Year Werner 2009 b 93 11. Re
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Author Year Werner 2010 94 Werner 2
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Author Year Zinn 2005 97 11. Result
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Author Year Zinn 2010 99 11. Result
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Appendix O. Long-Term Care: Qualita
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Author Year Castle 2005 197 1. Stud
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Author Year Gerteis 2007 198 1. Stu
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References 1. AHRQ. Methods Guide f
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36. Pope DG. Reacting to rankings:
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77. Wedig GJ, Tai-Seale M. The effe
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118. Laschober M, Maxfield M, Felt-
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157. Pettijohn TL, Lawrence ME. The
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198. Gerteis M, Gerteis JS, Newman
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5. Public Reporting as a Quality Improvement Strategy

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