Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things

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6 Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank their partners in the IST-FP6 project StoLPaN (Store Logistic and Payment with NFC). 7 References [1] Levialdi, S., Medaglia C.M., Moroni A., Sposato, S., “NFCTicketing: a prototyping and usability test of an NFC-based virtual ticketing application”, in Proceedings of First NFC IEEE Workshop, Hagenberg, Austria, February 2009. [2] Biader Ceipidor, U., Medaglia C.M., Moroni A., Sposato S., “Design, Prototyping and Evaluation of SIMpliCity: an NFC system for the mobility of citizens”, in Proceedings of CHI 2009, Rome, Italy, 17-19 June 2009. [3] ISO/IEC 18092 (ECMA-340): Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Near Field Communication - Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1). First Edition, 2004-04-01. [4] ETSI TS 102 190 V1.1.1: Near Field Communication (NFC) IP-1; Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) 2003-03, URL: http://www.etsi.org. [5] ISO/IEC 21481: Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol -2 (NFCIP-2). January 2005. [6] http://hic.vtt.fi/. [7] http://www.servtag.com/en/losungen/friendticker/. [8] Fressancourt A., Hérault C., Ptak E., "NFCSocial: Social Networking in Mobility through IMS and NFC," in Proceedings of First NFC IEEE Workshop, Hagenberg, Austria, February 2009. [9] StoLPaN consortium, Dynamic Management of multi-application secure elements, Public Whitepaper, available at www.stolpan.com [10] StoLPaN consortium, Dynamic NFC wallet, available at www.stolpan.com CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 110
4.4 RFID-enabled Tracking and Tracing in the Supply Chain Lessons Learnt from the SMART and TRASER projects Cleopatra Bardaki, Katerina Pramatari / Elisabeth Ilie-Zudor, Zsolt Kemény ELTRUN Research Lab, Department of Management Science and Technology Athens University of Economics and Business / Computer and Automation Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Abstract: The paper summarizes the results of two 6FP-funded projects aiming to establish tracking and tracing services relying on RFID. In the lifespan of the SMART project (IST-2005, FP6), two RFID-enabled services, supporting dynamic-pricing of fresh products and management of promotion events, have been deployed on a service-oriented architecture that utilizes RFID technology, data stream management systems and web services. The two services have been fieldtested in three retail stores in Greece, Ireland, and Cyprus. The valuable lessons learnt, concerning RFID readability challenges, consumer privacy, customers and store staff health concerns, investment cost, and so on, are reported to provide guidance to future developers of RFIDintegrated supply chain services as well as to set an agenda for academic research. The TraSer project pursued the introduction of track-and-trace services especially in the lower end of the application spectrum, i.e., small-scale users as SMEs and other smaller organizations. TraSer provided a free, open-source solution platform using web services for communication and a variety of possible physical ID carriers (not limited to RFID) for unique identification. An architectural overview gives insight into design preferences and choices determining the framework architecture, while a report on relevant cases selected from a wider range of application pilots outlines the experience gathered with deployment on different scales. 1 Introduction Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a key technology today that drives developments in the area of the Internet of Things. RFID is a wireless communication technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer identifying information between tagged objects and readers without requiring line of sight, providing a means of automatic identification (Sheng et al. 2008). Although some of the underlying technologies for RFID have been around for more than half a century and both technically feasible and practically usable solutions have appeared already more than a decade ago, only recently have supply chain partners started to explore its potential to support core business processes. This shift of attention should be primarily attributed to the decrease of acquisition costs for the technology parts (readers, tags, printers), the availability of related services and functionalities, as well as the emergence of proof-of-concept application prototypes by large retailers and suppliers. Currently, RFID is emerging as an important technology for revolutionizing a wide range of applications, including supply-chain management, retail sales, anti-counterfeiting, and healthcare (Nath et al. 2006). The advent of RFID, as an enabling Auto-ID technology, generated significant interest to the retail sector mainly because of its capability to streamline core supply chain management operations. As a result, over the past few years several research projects emerged discussing different flavours of RFID-augmented applications in such supply chain management areas as inventory management (Fleisch et al. 2005) and customer relationship management in the form of ‘smart’ personal shopping assistants capable of guiding and assisting consumers throughout their shopping trip within the physical store (Kourouthanassis et al. 2003). CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 111
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Vision and Challenges for Realising
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Foreword Vision and Challenges for
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Table of contents Foreword Vision a
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1 Organization ....................
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Chapter 1 The Internet of Things
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1 Origin of the concept of "Interne
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2.1 Research perspective Today the
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(RFID), Near Field Communication (N
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According to SRI Consulting Busines
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Security and software Human interfa
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According to ISTAG, technical resea
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ties can be grouped around two axes
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emerging uses and services, and lau
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Chapter 2 The CERP-IoT Cluster
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floor, and other things happening i
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eral solutions have emerged, either
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Acronym Project Title Coordinator H
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Chapter 3 Strategic Research Agenda
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Safety, Security and Privacy, Envi
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dynamically extended and improved b
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Domain 1 Fundamental characteristic
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T he concept of Internet of Things
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The vehicle itself is also consider
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technology should foster a communit
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Every day millions of people move u
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3.3 Technologies supporting the Int
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Page 63 and 64: IoT will create new services and ne
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3.2 Semantic Device Discovery and O
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Concretely, Hydra uses web services
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4.9 Usage of RFID in the Forest & W
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sufficiently long and consistent re
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The purpose of Traceability Service
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An overview of the LCA procedure, c
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The environmental KPIs harmonize wi
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5. Involving a large number of Memb
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Maintain a roadmap of the relevant
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4 Members The RACE networkRFID comm
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EPoSS has close links with other ET
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Social context Surrounding people
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2.5 Interoperability It is common k
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fraction of the time. RFID technolo
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The middleware solutions for these
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T he AmI-4-SME project is addressin
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BRIDGE (Building Radio frequency ID
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T oday’s Internet is rapidly evol
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T he CoBIs project developed a radi
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C uteLoop has the strategic objecti
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T he DiY Smart Experiences project
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T he project objectives of DYNA- MI
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epresentatives of the Member States
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Approach The EURIDICE platform will
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T he first objective of the Hydra p
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This will produce new inputs to set
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IMS2020 strives for strengthening i
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L eapfrog is a joint research and i
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F easibility study for an improved
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R FID will form the basis of better
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T he SMART project employees RFID t
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T he StoLPaN project aims to define
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T he recently completed three-year
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Expected Impact WALTER is aimed at
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