Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things

mains) and isolated Services that cater for a
specific functionality/ need of the intra- inter
domain level. While these applications domains
have different objectives/goals, they
don’t have significantly different requirements
with regard to IoT and applications
that would be deployed on that platform.
3.2.1 Aerospace and aviation
(systems status monitoring,
green operations)
The Internet of Things can help to improve
safety and security of products and services
by protecting them from counterfeiting. The
aviation industry, for example, is threatened
by the problem of suspected unapproved
parts (SUP). An SUP is an aircraft part that is
not guaranteed to meet the requirements of
an approved aircraft part (e.g., counterfeits,
which do not conform to the strict quality
constraints of the aviation industry). Thus,
SUPs seriously violate the security standards
of an aircraft. Aviation authorities report that
at least 28 accidents or incidents in the
United States have been caused by counterfeits
[1]. Apart from time-consuming material
analyses, verifying the authenticity of aircraft
parts can be performed by inspecting the
accompanying documents, which can be easily
forged. This problem can be solved by
introducing electronic pedigrees for certain
categories of aircraft parts, which document
their origin and safety-critical events during
their lifecycle (e.g., modifications). By storing
these pedigrees within a decentralised database
as well as on RFID tags, which are securely
attached to aircraft parts, an authentication
(verification of digital signatures,
comparison of the pedigree on RFID tags and
within the database) of these parts can be
performed, for example, prior to installing
them within an aircraft. Thus, safety and
security of an aircraft is significantly improved.
The ‘on-condition’ wireless monitoring of the
aircraft by using intelligent devices with sensing
capabilities available within the cabin or
outside and connected to the aircraft monitoring
systems is another emerging application
area that forms the basis for ubiquitous
sensor networks [19].
The nodes in such a network will be used for
detecting various conditions such as pressure,
vibrations, temperature etc. The data collected
gives access to customized usage
trends, facilitates maintenance planning,
allows condition-based maintenance, reduces
maintenance and waste and will be used as
input for evaluating and reducing the energy
consumption during aircraft operations.
Safety - the challenge of sustaining the confidence
of both the passenger and society that
commercial flying will not only remain extremely
safe, notwithstanding greatly increased
traffic, but will reduce the incidence
of accidents and enhance efficiency. In this
context, wireless identifiable systems will be
developed using:
RFID tags correlated with luggage in containers,
RFID tag based passenger/crew/luggage/cargo
tracking concepts,
RFID tags and sensors on conveyors; cost
effective reading systems linked to overarching
security database; CCTV and data
imaging software.
3.2.2 Automotive (systems
status monitoring, V2V and V2I
communication)
Applications in the automotive industry include
the use of “smart things” to monitor
and report everything from pressure in tyres
to proximity of other vehicles. RFID technology
is used to streamline vehicle production,
improve logistics, increase quality control
and improve customer service. The devices
attached to parts contain information related
to the name of the manufacturer and when
and where the product was made, its serial
number, type, product code, and in some
applications the precise location in the facility
at that moment. RFID technology provides
real-time data in the manufacturing process,
maintenance operations and offers a new way
of managing recalls more effectively.
The use of wireless identifiable devices helps
the stakeholders to gain insight into where
everything is so it is possible to accelerate
assembly processes and locate cars or components
in a fraction of the time. Wireless
technology is ideal in enabling real-time locating
systems (RTLS) and connecting with
other IoT sub networks, improving vehicle
tracking and management and supporting
automotive manufacturers better in managing
the process of testing and verifying vehicles
coming off the assembly line while tracking
them as they go through quality control,
containment and shipping zones.
Dedicated Short Range Communication
(DSRC) will also give the possibility of higher
bit rates and reduce the possibility of interference
with other equipment. Vehicle-tovehicle
(V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure
(V2I) communications will significantly advance
Intelligent Transportation Systems
(ITS) applications such as vehicle safety services
and traffic management and will be fully
integrated in the IoT infrastructure.
CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things
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