Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things

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Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Beyond 2020 Cognitive processing and optimisation Context aware data processing and data responses Energy, frequency spectrum aware data processing, Data processing context adaptable Serial data processing Parallel data processing Quality of services Data and Signal Processing Technology Cognitive search engines Autonomous search engines Automatic route tagging and identification management centres Distributed registries, search and discovery mechanisms Semantic discovery of sensors and sensor data Sensor network ontologies Domain specific name services Discovery and Search Engine Technologies Biodegradable batteries Nano-power processing unit Energy harvesting (biological, chemical, induction) Power generation in harsh environments Energy recycling Wireless power Energy harvesting (energy conversion, photovoltaic) Printed batteries Long range wireless power Thin batteries Li-Ion Flat batteries Power optimized systems (energy management) Energy harvesting (electrostatic, piezoelectric) Short and medium range wireless power Power and Energy Storage Technologies Self adaptive security mechanisms and protocols Security and privacy profiles selection based on security and privacy needs Privacy needs automatic evaluation Context centric security User centric context-aware privacy and privacy policies Privacy aware data processing Virtualisation and anonymisation Security mechanisms and protocols defined Security mechanisms and protocols for RFID and WSN devices Security and Privacy Technologies Diamond SiC, GaN Silicon Improved/new semiconductor manufacturing processes/technologies for higher temperature ranges Silicon, Cu, Al Metallization 3D processes Material Technology Standards for automatic communication protocols Standards for cross interoperability with heterogeneous networks IoT standardisation M2M standardisation Interoperability profiles Standardization efforts for RFID security Standardization of passive RFID tags with expanded memory and read/write capability for product serial numbers, repair and warranty information. Standardisation CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 76
3.4.14 Internet of Things Research Needs Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Beyond 2020 Beyond EMID Multi methods-one ID Unique ID Multiple IDs for specific cases Extend the ID concept (more than ID number) Different ID schemes customised for application domains Convergence of IP and RFID IDs and addressing schemes Identification Technology Electro Magnetic Identification - EMID Internet (Internet of Things) (global scale applications, global interoperability, many trillions of Extranet (Extranet of Things) (partner to partner applications, basic interoperability, billions-of-things) Intranet (Intranet of Things) (single controlling administrative entity of the IoT infrastructure, controlled environment and business cases, IoT Architecture things) thousands/millions of things) Process IoT services (IoT Services implementing whole processes, multi/cross domain, multi administrative entities, totally heterogeneous Composed IoT services (IoT Services composed of other Services, single domain, single administrative entity) Basic IoT services (Services over Things) SOA Software Services for IoT service infrastructures) Intelligent and collaborative functions Code in tags to be executed in the tag or in trusted readers. Global applications Adaptive coverage Object intelligence Context awareness Adaptation of symmetric encryption and public key algorithms from active tags into passive tags Universal authentication of objects Graceful recovery of tags following power loss More memory Less energy consumption 3-D real time location/position embedded systems IoT Governance scheme Low cost crypto primitives – hash functions, random number generators, etc. Low cost hardware implementation without computational loss Smaller and cheaper tags Higher frequency tags RFID tags for RF-unfriendly environments (i.e. water and metal) 3-D localisation Internet of Things Architecture Technology Research Needs CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 77
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Vision and Challenges for Realising
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Foreword Vision and Challenges for
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Table of contents Foreword Vision a
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1 Organization ....................
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Chapter 1 The Internet of Things
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1 Origin of the concept of "Interne
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2.1 Research perspective Today the
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(RFID), Near Field Communication (N
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According to SRI Consulting Busines
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Security and software Human interfa
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According to ISTAG, technical resea
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ties can be grouped around two axes
Page 26 and 27: emerging uses and services, and lau
Page 29: Chapter 2 The CERP-IoT Cluster
Page 32 and 33: floor, and other things happening i
Page 34 and 35: eral solutions have emerged, either
Page 36 and 37: Acronym Project Title Coordinator H
Page 39: Chapter 3 Strategic Research Agenda
Page 42 and 43: Safety, Security and Privacy, Envi
Page 44 and 45: dynamically extended and improved b
Page 46 and 47: Domain 1 Fundamental characteristic
Page 49 and 50: T he concept of Internet of Things
Page 51 and 52: The vehicle itself is also consider
Page 53 and 54: technology should foster a communit
Page 55 and 56: Every day millions of people move u
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Technologies supporting the Int
Page 59 and 60: The traffic in the Internet of Thin
Page 61 and 62: Coverage - sparse, dense or redunda
Page 63 and 64: IoT will create new services and ne
Page 65 and 66: including the virtual counterparts
Page 67: Issues to be addressed: Event-driv
Page 70 and 71: competitive marketplace that benefi
Page 72 and 73: equired for IoT applications. Such
Page 74 and 75: ility of things in their acting wil
Page 78 and 79: Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
Page 80 and 81: Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
Page 82 and 83: Acknowledgements Many colleagues ha
Page 84 and 85: T eams from research projects and i
Page 86 and 87: should help brand owners to find th
Page 88 and 89: 3.1 Authentication Features For eac
Page 90 and 91: 4 Business Process Integration Seam
Page 93 and 94: 4.2 Challenges for Usage of Network
Page 95 and 96: esent one step in the supply chain,
Page 97 and 98: A reaction of things could be trigg
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.2-1: Application Case Featu
Page 101 and 102: NDEI- Service InformationBrokerage
Page 103: 7 References [Barry02] Barry, Dougl
Page 106 and 107: data to a central server. When used
Page 108 and 109: The smart retail concept holds simi
Page 110 and 111: 6 Acknowledgment The authors would
Page 112 and 113: Nevertheless, the majority of exist
Page 114 and 115: To implement this service, case and
Page 116 and 117: moving it from the reader’s anten
Page 118 and 119: The servers can process requests in
Page 120 and 121: web client. The solution largely re
Page 122 and 123: ently, establishing transparency ac
Page 124 and 125: Kourouthanassis, P., & Roussos, G.
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The importance of identity manageme
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Middleware and other software devel
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1.2 Objectives The objective of the
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Air interfaces still do have differ
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4.2.3 ITU-T ITU is the United Natio
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The report's conclusion highlights
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made significant progress on the de
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Finally, a more theoretical researc
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monitoring that manufactured goods
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worked RFID technology for various
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tually sold, at which moment in tim
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Business case analysis: Two busines
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of far field and near field UHF tag
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The manufacturing pilot provided sy
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also coming from distributed electr
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The ASPIRE architecture identifies
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ASPIRE Innovative filtering solutio
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3.2 Semantic Device Discovery and O
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Concretely, Hydra uses web services
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4.9 Usage of RFID in the Forest & W
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sufficiently long and consistent re
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The purpose of Traceability Service
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An overview of the LCA procedure, c
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The environmental KPIs harmonize wi
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5. Involving a large number of Memb
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Maintain a roadmap of the relevant
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4 Members The RACE networkRFID comm
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EPoSS has close links with other ET
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Social context Surrounding people
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2.5 Interoperability It is common k
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fraction of the time. RFID technolo
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The middleware solutions for these
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T he AmI-4-SME project is addressin
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BRIDGE (Building Radio frequency ID
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T oday’s Internet is rapidly evol
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T he CoBIs project developed a radi
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C uteLoop has the strategic objecti
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T he DiY Smart Experiences project
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T he project objectives of DYNA- MI
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epresentatives of the Member States
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Approach The EURIDICE platform will
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T he first objective of the Hydra p
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This will produce new inputs to set
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IMS2020 strives for strengthening i
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L eapfrog is a joint research and i
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F easibility study for an improved
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R FID will form the basis of better
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T he SMART project employees RFID t
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T he StoLPaN project aims to define
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T he recently completed three-year
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Expected Impact WALTER is aimed at
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