Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things

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Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Beyond 2020 Self configuring, protocol seamless networks On chip networks and multi standard RF architectures Plug and play tags Self repairing tags Long range (higher frequencies –tenth of GHz) Protocols for interoperability Protocols that make tags resilient to power interruption and fault induction. Collision-resistant algorithms Grid/Cloud network Hybrid networks Ad hoc network formation Self organising wireless mesh networks Multi authentication Networked RFID-based systems – interface with other networks – hybrid systems/networks Sensor networks, ZigBee, RFID, Bluetooth, WirelessHart, IAA100, UWB Communication Technology Need based network Internet of Everything Robust security based on a combination of ID metrics Autonomous systems for non stop information tech- Service based network Integrated/universal authentication Brokering of data through market mechanisms Broadband Different networks (sensors, mobile phone, etc.,) Interoperability framework (protocols and frequencies) Network security (e.g. access authorization, data encryption, standards etc.) Network Technology nology service Self generating “molecular” software Context aware software Evolving software Self reusable software Autonomous things: Self configurable Self healing Self management Platform for object intelligence Self management and control Micro operating systems Context aware business event generation Interoperable ontologies of business events Scalable autonomous software Software for coordinated emergence (Enhanced) Probabilistic and non- probabilistic track and trace algorithms, run directly by individual “things”. Service oriented architectures Embedded software Generation of domain specific events “Things” Semantics / Ontologies Filtering Probabilistic and non-probabilistic track and trace algorithms, based upon the analysis of tracking data concerning some kind of unique ID. Software and Algorithms Software and data distribution systems Biodegradable antennas Autonomous “bee” type devices Polymer based memory Molecular sensors Autonomous circuits. Transparent displays Interacting tags Collaborative tags Heterogeneous integration Self powering sensors Paper thin electronic display with RFID Ultra low power EPROM/FRAM NEMS Polymer electronics tags Antennas on chip Coil on chip Ultra low power circuits Electronic paper Devices capable of tolerating harsh envi- MEMS Low power circuits Silicon devices Smart multi band antennas Beam steerable phased array antennas Low power chip sets Low cost tags Small size, low cost passive func- Hardware Devices CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 78
Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Beyond 2020 Low cost modular devices ronments (extreme temperature variation, vibration and shocks conditions and contact with different chemical substances) Nano power processing units Silent Tags Biodegradable antennae tions High-Q inductors High density capacitors, tuneable capacitors Low loss switches RF filters Heterogeneous architectures. “Fluid” systems, continuously changing and adapting. Adaptive architectures Reconfigurable wireless systems Changing and adapting functionalities to the environments Micro readers with multi standard protocols for reading sensor and actuator data Distributed memory and processing Low cost modular devices Multi protocol front ends Multi standard mobile readers Extended range of tags and readers Transmission speed Distributed control and databases Multi-band, multi-mode wireless sensor architectures Smart systems on tags with sensing and actuating capabilities (temperature, pressure, humidity, display, keypads, actuators, etc.) Ultra low power chip sets to increase operational range (passive tags) and increased energy life (semi passive, active tags). Ultra low cost chips with security Collision free air to air protocol Integration of hybrid technologies sensor, actuator, display, memory Power optimised hardware-software design Power control of system on chip (SoC) Development of high performance, small size, low cost passive functions e.g. high-Q inductors, tight tolerance capacitors, high density capacitors, low loss switches, RF filters, tuneable capacitors Mobile RFID readers with increased functionality and computing power while reducing the size and cost Miniaturised and embedded readers (SiP) Hardware Systems, Circuits and Architectures Cognitive computing Autonomous computing Tera scale computing Common sensor ontologies (cross domain) Distributed energy efficient data processing Grid computing Heterogeneous modelling of sensor data Virtual Things identification (i.e. things identified based on A/V signal processing) Sensor virtualization (vendor/technology independent modules) Data and Signal Processing Technology CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 79
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Vision and Challenges for Realising
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Foreword Vision and Challenges for
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Table of contents Foreword Vision a
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1 Organization ....................
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Chapter 1 The Internet of Things
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1 Origin of the concept of "Interne
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2.1 Research perspective Today the
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(RFID), Near Field Communication (N
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According to SRI Consulting Busines
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Security and software Human interfa
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According to ISTAG, technical resea
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ties can be grouped around two axes
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emerging uses and services, and lau
Page 29: Chapter 2 The CERP-IoT Cluster
Page 32 and 33: floor, and other things happening i
Page 34 and 35: eral solutions have emerged, either
Page 36 and 37: Acronym Project Title Coordinator H
Page 39: Chapter 3 Strategic Research Agenda
Page 42 and 43: Safety, Security and Privacy, Envi
Page 44 and 45: dynamically extended and improved b
Page 46 and 47: Domain 1 Fundamental characteristic
Page 49 and 50: T he concept of Internet of Things
Page 51 and 52: The vehicle itself is also consider
Page 53 and 54: technology should foster a communit
Page 55 and 56: Every day millions of people move u
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Technologies supporting the Int
Page 59 and 60: The traffic in the Internet of Thin
Page 61 and 62: Coverage - sparse, dense or redunda
Page 63 and 64: IoT will create new services and ne
Page 65 and 66: including the virtual counterparts
Page 67: Issues to be addressed: Event-driv
Page 70 and 71: competitive marketplace that benefi
Page 72 and 73: equired for IoT applications. Such
Page 74 and 75: ility of things in their acting wil
Page 76 and 77: Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
Page 80 and 81: Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
Page 82 and 83: Acknowledgements Many colleagues ha
Page 84 and 85: T eams from research projects and i
Page 86 and 87: should help brand owners to find th
Page 88 and 89: 3.1 Authentication Features For eac
Page 90 and 91: 4 Business Process Integration Seam
Page 93 and 94: 4.2 Challenges for Usage of Network
Page 95 and 96: esent one step in the supply chain,
Page 97 and 98: A reaction of things could be trigg
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.2-1: Application Case Featu
Page 101 and 102: NDEI- Service InformationBrokerage
Page 103: 7 References [Barry02] Barry, Dougl
Page 106 and 107: data to a central server. When used
Page 108 and 109: The smart retail concept holds simi
Page 110 and 111: 6 Acknowledgment The authors would
Page 112 and 113: Nevertheless, the majority of exist
Page 114 and 115: To implement this service, case and
Page 116 and 117: moving it from the reader’s anten
Page 118 and 119: The servers can process requests in
Page 120 and 121: web client. The solution largely re
Page 122 and 123: ently, establishing transparency ac
Page 124 and 125: Kourouthanassis, P., & Roussos, G.
Page 126 and 127: The importance of identity manageme
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Middleware and other software devel
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1.2 Objectives The objective of the
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Air interfaces still do have differ
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4.2.3 ITU-T ITU is the United Natio
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The report's conclusion highlights
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made significant progress on the de
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Finally, a more theoretical researc
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monitoring that manufactured goods
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worked RFID technology for various
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tually sold, at which moment in tim
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Business case analysis: Two busines
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of far field and near field UHF tag
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The manufacturing pilot provided sy
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also coming from distributed electr
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The ASPIRE architecture identifies
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ASPIRE Innovative filtering solutio
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3.2 Semantic Device Discovery and O
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Concretely, Hydra uses web services
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4.9 Usage of RFID in the Forest & W
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sufficiently long and consistent re
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The purpose of Traceability Service
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An overview of the LCA procedure, c
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The environmental KPIs harmonize wi
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5. Involving a large number of Memb
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Maintain a roadmap of the relevant
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4 Members The RACE networkRFID comm
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EPoSS has close links with other ET
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Social context Surrounding people
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2.5 Interoperability It is common k
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fraction of the time. RFID technolo
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The middleware solutions for these
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T he AmI-4-SME project is addressin
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BRIDGE (Building Radio frequency ID
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T oday’s Internet is rapidly evol
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T he CoBIs project developed a radi
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C uteLoop has the strategic objecti
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T he DiY Smart Experiences project
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T he project objectives of DYNA- MI
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epresentatives of the Member States
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Approach The EURIDICE platform will
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T he first objective of the Hydra p
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This will produce new inputs to set
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IMS2020 strives for strengthening i
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L eapfrog is a joint research and i
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F easibility study for an improved
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R FID will form the basis of better
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T he SMART project employees RFID t
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T he StoLPaN project aims to define
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T he recently completed three-year
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Expected Impact WALTER is aimed at
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