Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things

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W hen surfing the web today, users leave digital traces without noticing. This trail of personal data puts the autonomy of the individual at risk in an unprecedented way. Unlike footprints on the beach, which are washed away by the sea, data stored online do not dissolve after time but remain available for a lifespan and even beyond. But personal information must only be carved in stone where the user is aware of this an explicitly decides to do so. Approach Preserving privacy over a whole lifetime, in collaborative settings and virtual communities imposes new challenges to research. The paradigm of privacy protection by data minimisation fails for use cases such as web 2.0 applications where users need or want to reveal large amounts of personal data. Here the EC-funded project PrimeLife aims to solve the challenges concerning privacy, identity and trust management. PrimeLife’s vision is to counter lifelong data trails without compromising on functionality. This requires substantial progress in the underlying technologies, and subsequent adoption. To reach these aims PrimeLife is segmented into highly interacting activities. Privacy in Life The project is arranged around the activity “Privacy in Life” which studies how privacy can be established in real life. Demonstrators will be built to validate the research done and to show how the challenges of lifelong privacy can be met. The demonstrators build upon the requirements collected and the research done within PrimeLife’s other activities. Mechanisms The activity “Mechanisms” researches on basic methods for privacy-enhancing identity management and trust establishment inter alia by refining existing cryptographic methods such as anonymous credentials. PrimeLife Privacy and Identity Management in Europe for Life Privacy Live The dissemination activity “Privacy Live” interacts with the community and other EU projects to support the use of the developed privacy-enhancing mechanisms. To this end, PrimeLife organises workshops, contributes to standardisation bodies and provides educational material for pupils, students and the broader public. Usability The best privacy, identity and trust management mechanisms are useless if intuitive interfaces are missing. Users need guidance to understand privacy-enhancing identity management, trust and assurance models or privacy policies. Such interfaces are provided by the activity “Usability”. Policies “Policies” are the central mechanism for enabling privacy, identity and trust management. In particular, policies must govern such a system from end-to-end and throughout different applications. All other activities will employ policies for practical implementations in tools or demonstrators. The goal of the policy activity is to gather the requirements and to specify the required languages. Infrastructures The activity “Infrastructures” addresses the question what kinds of infrastructures are needed for privacy, identity and trust management. It collects the requirements of such an infrastructure and proposes how these can be met. Further information: Partners: IBM, ULD, TUD, KU, UNIMI, GUF, TILT, W3C, K.U.Leuven, UNIBG, GD, CURE, EMIC, SAP, UBR Contact: Marit Hansen; c/o Unabhängigs Landeszentrum für Datenschutz (ULD) Holstenstraße 98; DE-24159 Kiel Tel.: +49-431-988-1200 E-mail: primelife@datenschutzzentrum.de Internet: www.primelife.eu/ Duration: 01.03.08 – 28.02.11 - 36 Months CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 220
R FID will form the basis of better and safer healthcare, drastically improved supply chain management, low cost environmental monitoring for a cleaner, more sustainable future. We need a pro-active European approach so that we can benefit from the advantages of RFID while giving citizens, consumers and businesses choice, transparency and control. – Viviane Reding, EU Commissioner for Information Society & Media A New European Union Thematic Network Project "With founding partners from 17 countries and representatives from Europe's leading research and standards organisations, RACE networkRFID will build on the EU's already substantial investment in RFID research to increase awareness and grow the European market for these rapidly evolving, world changing technologies." Our vision: "To provide a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) network of excellence that creates opportunities and increases the competitiveness of European Member States in the area of RFID through innovation, development and implementation. At the same time it will position RFID technology within the mainstream of information and communications technology." The network draws upon the expertise of Member States and the evolving RFID community to create a dynamic, changeresponsive capability that not only aligns with the initial Information and Communication Technologies Policy Support Programme objectives, but extends that capability to accommodate emergent and future needs. RACE networkRFID will meet the pressing need to generate greater awareness and uptake and the exploitation of user-facing opportunities for innovation and enterprise. It will capitalise on work done by European projects and national initiatives to confirm Europe’s position as a leading force in RFID. RACE networkRFID Raising Awareness and Competitiveness in Europe RACE network RFID will: Create a federating platform to the benefit of all European stakeholders in the development, adoption and usage of RFID. Position the European Union as a world leader in RFID excellence. Establish the market position for RFID in Europe, defining the roadmap and addressing the barriers to adoption and deployment as well as fragmentation in the market. Promote best practices, case studies, reports, guidelines, events and services to increase awareness at European and national level. Involve a large number of Member State authorities dealing with public RFID issues including major industry, civil society, RFID advocacy groups and research agencies. CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 221
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Vision and Challenges for Realising
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Foreword Vision and Challenges for
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Table of contents Foreword Vision a
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1 Organization ....................
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Chapter 1 The Internet of Things
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1 Origin of the concept of "Interne
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2.1 Research perspective Today the
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(RFID), Near Field Communication (N
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According to SRI Consulting Busines
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Security and software Human interfa
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According to ISTAG, technical resea
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ties can be grouped around two axes
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emerging uses and services, and lau
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Chapter 2 The CERP-IoT Cluster
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floor, and other things happening i
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eral solutions have emerged, either
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Acronym Project Title Coordinator H
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Chapter 3 Strategic Research Agenda
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Safety, Security and Privacy, Envi
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dynamically extended and improved b
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Domain 1 Fundamental characteristic
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T he concept of Internet of Things
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The vehicle itself is also consider
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technology should foster a communit
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Every day millions of people move u
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3.3 Technologies supporting the Int
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The traffic in the Internet of Thin
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Coverage - sparse, dense or redunda
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IoT will create new services and ne
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including the virtual counterparts
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Issues to be addressed: Event-driv
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competitive marketplace that benefi
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equired for IoT applications. Such
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ility of things in their acting wil
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Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
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Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
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Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
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Acknowledgements Many colleagues ha
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T eams from research projects and i
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should help brand owners to find th
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3.1 Authentication Features For eac
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4 Business Process Integration Seam
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4.2 Challenges for Usage of Network
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esent one step in the supply chain,
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A reaction of things could be trigg
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Table 4.2-1: Application Case Featu
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NDEI- Service InformationBrokerage
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7 References [Barry02] Barry, Dougl
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data to a central server. When used
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The smart retail concept holds simi
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6 Acknowledgment The authors would
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Nevertheless, the majority of exist
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To implement this service, case and
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moving it from the reader’s anten
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The servers can process requests in
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web client. The solution largely re
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ently, establishing transparency ac
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Kourouthanassis, P., & Roussos, G.
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The importance of identity manageme
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Middleware and other software devel
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1.2 Objectives The objective of the
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Air interfaces still do have differ
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4.2.3 ITU-T ITU is the United Natio
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The report's conclusion highlights
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made significant progress on the de
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Finally, a more theoretical researc
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monitoring that manufactured goods
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worked RFID technology for various
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tually sold, at which moment in tim
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Business case analysis: Two busines
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of far field and near field UHF tag
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The manufacturing pilot provided sy
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also coming from distributed electr
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The ASPIRE architecture identifies
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ASPIRE Innovative filtering solutio
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3.2 Semantic Device Discovery and O
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Concretely, Hydra uses web services
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4.9 Usage of RFID in the Forest & W
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sufficiently long and consistent re
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Page 171 and 172: An overview of the LCA procedure, c
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Page 180 and 181: 4 Members The RACE networkRFID comm
Page 182 and 183: EPoSS has close links with other ET
Page 184 and 185: Social context Surrounding people
Page 186 and 187: 2.5 Interoperability It is common k
Page 188 and 189: fraction of the time. RFID technolo
Page 190 and 191: The middleware solutions for these
Page 193 and 194: T he AmI-4-SME project is addressin
Page 195 and 196: BRIDGE (Building Radio frequency ID
Page 197 and 198: T oday’s Internet is rapidly evol
Page 199 and 200: T he CoBIs project developed a radi
Page 201 and 202: C uteLoop has the strategic objecti
Page 203 and 204: T he DiY Smart Experiences project
Page 205 and 206: T he project objectives of DYNA- MI
Page 207 and 208: epresentatives of the Member States
Page 209 and 210: Approach The EURIDICE platform will
Page 211 and 212: T he first objective of the Hydra p
Page 213 and 214: This will produce new inputs to set
Page 215 and 216: IMS2020 strives for strengthening i
Page 217 and 218: L eapfrog is a joint research and i
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Page 223 and 224: T he SMART project employees RFID t
Page 225 and 226: T he StoLPaN project aims to define
Page 227 and 228: T he recently completed three-year
Page 229: Expected Impact WALTER is aimed at
Page 235 and 236: Free publications: HOW TO GET EU PU
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