Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things

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Concretely, Hydra uses web services in the form of SOAP [SOAP] over HTTP for communication. The ‘Limbo’ tool [LIMBO] creates service stubs for service providers and consumers to be deployed on embedded devices. Based on a description of the service (through a WSDL interface description [WSDL]) and the device do deploy on (through the Hydra Device Ontology), a service- and device-specific service stub is generated. Devices are described by a static profile (through, e.g., a hardware description) and a dynamic profile (through a state machine describing device runtime states). Artefacts generated from the dynamic profile allow Hydra services to tie into the self-management functionality of Hydra (through the ‘Flamenco’ service), which includes self-protection and self-adaptation functionality realized using semantic Web technology [SeMaPs]. 4 Summary and Future Steps RFID and Sensor technology has advanced significantly over the past few decades. Rapid developments of low cost microelectronics and radio frequency transceivers have considerably reduced size and costs of high frequency and ultra-high frequency RFID transceivers/sensor nodes allowing longer reading ranges and faster reading rates than before. The technology is now viable to newer novel applications with higher mobility and large number of tagged items. However, unlike conventional scenarios, these new applications require a more robust and complex middleware platform in order to cover issues at different layers of the communication architecture, from different business contexts. This complexity has left several open research issues in middleware design that still pose a high entry cost for RFID/Sensor technology adopters, mainly SMEs. The research carried out in ASPIRE and HYDRA will provide a radical change in the current RFID/WSNs deployment paradigm through distributed as well as centralised architectures, security and trust, self-management and model-driven development of applications innovative, programmable, royalty-free, lightweight and privacy friendly middleware. The ASPIRE solutions will be open source and royalty free, which will bring an important reduction of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), and at the same time programmable and lightweight in order to be backwards compatible with current IT SME infrastructure. Additionally, ASPIRE will be designed as privacy friendly which means that future privacy features related to RFID can be easily adopted by the platform. Finally, ASPIRE will act as a main vehicle for realizing the proposed swift in the current RFID deployment paradigm. Portions (i.e. specific libraries) of the ASPIRE middleware will be hosted and run on low-cost RFID-enabled microelectronic systems, in order to further lower the TCO in mobility scenarios (i.e. mobile warehouses, trucks). Hence, the ASPIRE middleware platform will be combined with innovative European developments in the area of ubiquitous RFID-based sensing (e.g., physical quantities sensing (temperature, humidity, pressure, acceleration), mobile, low-cost); towards enabling novel business cases that ensure improved business results. The HYDRA middleware will be deployable on both new and existing networks of distributed wireless and wired devices, which operate with limited resources in terms of computing power, energy and memory usage. It will allow for secure, trustworthy, and fault tolerant applications through the use of distributed security and social trust components. The embedded and mobile Service-oriented Architecture will provide interoperable access to data, information and knowledge across heterogeneous platforms, including web services, and support true ambient intelligence for ubiquitous networked devices. The new middleware paradigm will be particular beneficial to European SMEs, which are experience significant cost barriers to RFID deployment. In-line with its open-source nature this platform aims at offering immense flexibility and maximum freedom to potential developers and deployers to incorporate heterogeneous physical devices into their applications by offering easy-to-use web service interfaces for controlling any type of physical device irrespective of its network technology such as Bluetooth, RFID, ZigBee, RFID, WiFi, etc.. This versatility includes the freedom of choice associated with the hardware. 5 Acknowledgment This work has been performed in the framework of ASPIRE and HYDRA, ICT Projects partly funded by the European Commission. The Authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of their colleagues from the ASPIRE and HYDRA Consortium. 6 References [1] Kostelnik P, Ahlsen M, Axling M, Sarnovsky M, Rosengren P, Hreno J, Kool P, Semantic Devices for Ambient Environment Middleware, proceedings of the TrustAMI 2008, Sophia Antipolis September 2008 CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 162
[2] Amigo middleware core: Prototype implementation and documentation, Deliverable 3.2. Technical report, Amigo Project, IST2004004182, 2006. [3] FIPA Device Ontology Specification, Foundation for intelligent physical agents, 2002. [4] HYDRA: Networked Embedded System middleware for Heterogeneous physical devices in a distributed architecture”, Project Proposal, September 2005. [5] D.L. McGuinness, F. van Harmelen, OWL Web Ontology Language Overview, W3C Recommendation, 2004. [6] Naval Research Lab. Nrl security ontology, http://chacs.nrl.navy.mil/projects/4SEA/ontology.html, 2007. [7] OWLS: Semantic Markup for Web Services, 2004. [8] Ian Horrocks, et. al., SWRL: A Semantic Web Rule Language. W3C Member Submission, 2004. [9] Delivery Context Ontology. W3C Working Draft 2007 [10] Badii A, Hoffman M, Heider J, MobiPETS: Context-aware mobile service provisioning framework deploying enhanced Personalisation, Privacy and Security Technologies (.PETS), the Proceedings of 1st International Conference on COMmunication System softWAre and MiddlewaRE (COMSWARE). [11] Badii A, Adetoye A O, Thiemert D, Hoffman M, Hydra Semantic Security Resolution Framework, Proceedings of DIComAe 2009, Paderborn, September 2009 [SOAP] W3C (2000) Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Version 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/ [Limbo] Hansen, K. M., Zhang, W., and Fernandes, J. (2008a). Flexible Generation of Pervasive Web Services using OSGi Declarative Services and OWL Ontologies. In Proceedings of the 15th Asia- Pacic Software Engineering Conference, pages 135–142, Beijing, China [WSDL] W3C (2001) Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl [SeMaPs] Zhang, W., Hansen, K.M., Kunz, T. (2009). Enhancing intelligence and dependability of a product line enabled pervasive middleware. Elsevier Pervasive and Mobile Computing, doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.07.002, in press. [EPC] Application Level Events 1.1(ALE 1.1) Overview, Filtering & Collection WG, EPCglobal, March 5, 2008 , available at: http://www.epcglobalinc.org/standards/ale [FLOER] C. Floerkemeier and S. Sarma, “An Overview of RFID System Interfaces and Reader Protocols”, 2008 IEEE International Conference on RFID, The Venetian, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, April 16-17, 2008. [AS43b] ASPIRE D4.3b Programmable Filters – FML Specification CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 163
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Vision and Challenges for Realising
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Foreword Vision and Challenges for
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Table of contents Foreword Vision a
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1 Organization ....................
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Chapter 1 The Internet of Things
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1 Origin of the concept of "Interne
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2.1 Research perspective Today the
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(RFID), Near Field Communication (N
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According to SRI Consulting Busines
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Security and software Human interfa
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According to ISTAG, technical resea
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ties can be grouped around two axes
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emerging uses and services, and lau
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Chapter 2 The CERP-IoT Cluster
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floor, and other things happening i
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eral solutions have emerged, either
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Acronym Project Title Coordinator H
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Chapter 3 Strategic Research Agenda
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Safety, Security and Privacy, Envi
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dynamically extended and improved b
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Domain 1 Fundamental characteristic
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T he concept of Internet of Things
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The vehicle itself is also consider
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technology should foster a communit
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Every day millions of people move u
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3.3 Technologies supporting the Int
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The traffic in the Internet of Thin
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Coverage - sparse, dense or redunda
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IoT will create new services and ne
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including the virtual counterparts
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Issues to be addressed: Event-driv
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competitive marketplace that benefi
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equired for IoT applications. Such
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ility of things in their acting wil
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Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
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Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
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Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
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Acknowledgements Many colleagues ha
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T eams from research projects and i
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should help brand owners to find th
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3.1 Authentication Features For eac
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4 Business Process Integration Seam
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4.2 Challenges for Usage of Network
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esent one step in the supply chain,
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A reaction of things could be trigg
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Table 4.2-1: Application Case Featu
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NDEI- Service InformationBrokerage
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7 References [Barry02] Barry, Dougl
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data to a central server. When used
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The smart retail concept holds simi
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6 Acknowledgment The authors would
Page 112 and 113: Nevertheless, the majority of exist
Page 114 and 115: To implement this service, case and
Page 116 and 117: moving it from the reader’s anten
Page 118 and 119: The servers can process requests in
Page 120 and 121: web client. The solution largely re
Page 122 and 123: ently, establishing transparency ac
Page 124 and 125: Kourouthanassis, P., & Roussos, G.
Page 126 and 127: The importance of identity manageme
Page 128 and 129: Middleware and other software devel
Page 130 and 131: 1.2 Objectives The objective of the
Page 132 and 133: Air interfaces still do have differ
Page 134 and 135: 4.2.3 ITU-T ITU is the United Natio
Page 136 and 137: The report's conclusion highlights
Page 138 and 139: made significant progress on the de
Page 140 and 141: Finally, a more theoretical researc
Page 142 and 143: monitoring that manufactured goods
Page 144 and 145: worked RFID technology for various
Page 146 and 147: tually sold, at which moment in tim
Page 148 and 149: Business case analysis: Two busines
Page 150 and 151: of far field and near field UHF tag
Page 152 and 153: The manufacturing pilot provided sy
Page 154 and 155: also coming from distributed electr
Page 156 and 157: The ASPIRE architecture identifies
Page 158 and 159: ASPIRE Innovative filtering solutio
Page 160 and 161: 3.2 Semantic Device Discovery and O
Page 165 and 166: 4.9 Usage of RFID in the Forest & W
Page 167 and 168: sufficiently long and consistent re
Page 169 and 170: The purpose of Traceability Service
Page 171 and 172: An overview of the LCA procedure, c
Page 173: The environmental KPIs harmonize wi
Page 176 and 177: 5. Involving a large number of Memb
Page 178 and 179: Maintain a roadmap of the relevant
Page 180 and 181: 4 Members The RACE networkRFID comm
Page 182 and 183: EPoSS has close links with other ET
Page 184 and 185: Social context Surrounding people
Page 186 and 187: 2.5 Interoperability It is common k
Page 188 and 189: fraction of the time. RFID technolo
Page 190 and 191: The middleware solutions for these
Page 193 and 194: T he AmI-4-SME project is addressin
Page 195 and 196: BRIDGE (Building Radio frequency ID
Page 197 and 198: T oday’s Internet is rapidly evol
Page 199 and 200: T he CoBIs project developed a radi
Page 201 and 202: C uteLoop has the strategic objecti
Page 203 and 204: T he DiY Smart Experiences project
Page 205 and 206: T he project objectives of DYNA- MI
Page 207 and 208: epresentatives of the Member States
Page 209 and 210: Approach The EURIDICE platform will
Page 211 and 212: T he first objective of the Hydra p
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This will produce new inputs to set
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IMS2020 strives for strengthening i
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L eapfrog is a joint research and i
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F easibility study for an improved
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R FID will form the basis of better
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T he SMART project employees RFID t
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T he StoLPaN project aims to define
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T he recently completed three-year
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Expected Impact WALTER is aimed at
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