Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things

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T eams from research projects and initiatives, that are members of CERP-IoT were summarising their perspectives and experience gained. The following articles are presenting results from currently running projects and initiatives as well as from finalised research activities: SToP – Harald Vogt, Nina Oertel, Thorsten Staake, Mikko Lehtonen: Anti-Counterfeiting and how to deal with it in an IoT CuteLoop – Harald Sundmaeker, Matthias Würthele, Sebastian Scholze: Challenges for Usage of Networked Devices Enabled Intelligence StoLPAN – Andras Vilmos, C.M. Medaglia, A. Moroni: NFC Technology and its Application Scenarios in a Future IoT SMART & TRASER - Cleopatra Bardaki, Katerina Pramatari, Elisabeth Ilie-Zudor, Zsolt Kemény: RFID-enabled Tracking and Tracing in the Supply Chain Lessons Learnt from the SMART and TRASER projects CASAGRAS – Ian G. Smith: An EU FP7 Project defining and accommodating international issues concerning RFID with particular reference to the emerging “Internet of Things.” GRIFS – Josef Preishuber-Pflügl: Standardisation issues challenges on RFID and a future IoT Articles BRIDGE – Marc Harrison, A. Brintrup, T. Sanchez Lopez, Maurizio Tomasella, D. C. McFarlane: Developing and Piloting the Next Generation of Networked RFID Systems ASPIRE & HYDRA – Neeli R. Prasad, Markus Eisenhauer, Matts Ahlsén, Atta Badii, André Brinkmann, Klaus Marius Hansen, Peter Rosengren: Open Source Middleware for Networked Embedded Systems towards Future Internet of Things Indisputable Key – Janne Häkli, Kaarle Jaakkola, Åsa Nilsson, Kaj Nummila, Ville Puntanen, Antti Sirkka: Usage of RFID in the Forest & Wood Industry and Contribution to Environmental Protection RACE networkRFID – Ian G. Smith: Stimulating the take-up of RFID in Europe EPoSS – Ovidiu Vermesan: Outlook on Future IoT Applications The editors would also like to thank the review team for their support and contributions. CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 84
4.1 Anti-Counterfeiting and how to deal with it in an IoT SToP Project Harald Vogt, Nina Oertel / Thorsten Staake, Mikko Lehtonen SAP Research Karlsruhe, Germany / ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland Abstract: In the emerging Internet of Things, it is easy and cheap to make information available about virtually all physical objects as this information can be automatically created, distributed, and processed with the help of automatic identification systems. Thus, virtual counterparts of physical objects are being created, which provides links to services around these objects. Together with specialized technologies for the detection of physical tampering, software-supported systems for product authentication become universally available. This is a critical component to protect consumers, distribution channels, and markets against counterfeit products. We demonstrate how a prototypical system for product authentication can be integrated to existing business processes and be applied in various fields. 1 Introduction The counterfeiting problem is growing worldwide, affecting more and more product categories and industry sectors. Counterfeits damage the reputation of brand owners, produce economic losses, promote inferior working conditions, and put the safety and health of consumers at risk. Though one might argue that counterfeiting and piracy have positive societal effects, such as giving more people access to (what appears to be) luxury hand bags, counterfeiting is never a win-win-win situation between the consumer, the brand owner, and the affected government. Moreover, there seems to be a natural demand for counterfeit goods that will almost always be matched by a supply. Parallel markets for many such goods exist, driven by huge financial incentives. Some counterfeit goods are targeted at end-customers, while others are distributed in specialized business areas. In industries such as the pharmaceutical and aviation industries, the targeted customers of a counterfeiter are typically composed of pharmacists and buyers of spare parts. Since elaborate control mechanisms exist in these areas, counterfeit products can only be injected into the supply chain if they comply with the quality test requirements. End-customers would be strongly interested in the use of high-quality products only. Injection of counterfeit products is therefore likely to happen from within the (otherwise legitimate) supply chain. The market for luxury goods, including products such as clothing and accessories, is quite different. Customers are non-experts, and products are purchased usually not for functional reasons but for the “experience” and interpersonal value they provide. These aspects at the same time provide a motivation to buy counterfeit products consciously for customers for which genuine products are otherwise out of reach. The liberalization and globalization of markets is often regarded as a threat to the integrity of supply chains. Globalization is still an ongoing process, so consumers might be exposed to an increasing number of counterfeits in the future. Some activities have been initiated on the political level, which target consumer protection but which also aim at facilitating the enforcement of rights in cases of copyright violations and counterfeiting. This will most likely lead businesses to implement measures, mostly based on standard technologies and off-theshelf solutions. One of the results of the SToP project has been the drafting of guidelines that CERP-IoT – Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things 85
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Vision and Challenges for Realising
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Foreword Vision and Challenges for
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Table of contents Foreword Vision a
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1 Organization ....................
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Chapter 1 The Internet of Things
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1 Origin of the concept of "Interne
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2.1 Research perspective Today the
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(RFID), Near Field Communication (N
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According to SRI Consulting Busines
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Security and software Human interfa
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According to ISTAG, technical resea
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ties can be grouped around two axes
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emerging uses and services, and lau
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Chapter 2 The CERP-IoT Cluster
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floor, and other things happening i
Page 34 and 35: eral solutions have emerged, either
Page 36 and 37: Acronym Project Title Coordinator H
Page 39: Chapter 3 Strategic Research Agenda
Page 42 and 43: Safety, Security and Privacy, Envi
Page 44 and 45: dynamically extended and improved b
Page 46 and 47: Domain 1 Fundamental characteristic
Page 49 and 50: T he concept of Internet of Things
Page 51 and 52: The vehicle itself is also consider
Page 53 and 54: technology should foster a communit
Page 55 and 56: Every day millions of people move u
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Technologies supporting the Int
Page 59 and 60: The traffic in the Internet of Thin
Page 61 and 62: Coverage - sparse, dense or redunda
Page 63 and 64: IoT will create new services and ne
Page 65 and 66: including the virtual counterparts
Page 67: Issues to be addressed: Event-driv
Page 70 and 71: competitive marketplace that benefi
Page 72 and 73: equired for IoT applications. Such
Page 74 and 75: ility of things in their acting wil
Page 76 and 77: Before 2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 Bey
Page 82 and 83: Acknowledgements Many colleagues ha
Page 86 and 87: should help brand owners to find th
Page 88 and 89: 3.1 Authentication Features For eac
Page 90 and 91: 4 Business Process Integration Seam
Page 93 and 94: 4.2 Challenges for Usage of Network
Page 95 and 96: esent one step in the supply chain,
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Page 99 and 100: Table 4.2-1: Application Case Featu
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Page 103: 7 References [Barry02] Barry, Dougl
Page 106 and 107: data to a central server. When used
Page 108 and 109: The smart retail concept holds simi
Page 110 and 111: 6 Acknowledgment The authors would
Page 112 and 113: Nevertheless, the majority of exist
Page 114 and 115: To implement this service, case and
Page 116 and 117: moving it from the reader’s anten
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Page 120 and 121: web client. The solution largely re
Page 122 and 123: ently, establishing transparency ac
Page 124 and 125: Kourouthanassis, P., & Roussos, G.
Page 126 and 127: The importance of identity manageme
Page 128 and 129: Middleware and other software devel
Page 130 and 131: 1.2 Objectives The objective of the
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4.2.3 ITU-T ITU is the United Natio
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The report's conclusion highlights
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made significant progress on the de
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Finally, a more theoretical researc
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monitoring that manufactured goods
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worked RFID technology for various
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tually sold, at which moment in tim
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Business case analysis: Two busines
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of far field and near field UHF tag
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The manufacturing pilot provided sy
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also coming from distributed electr
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The ASPIRE architecture identifies
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ASPIRE Innovative filtering solutio
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3.2 Semantic Device Discovery and O
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Concretely, Hydra uses web services
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4.9 Usage of RFID in the Forest & W
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sufficiently long and consistent re
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The purpose of Traceability Service
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An overview of the LCA procedure, c
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The environmental KPIs harmonize wi
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5. Involving a large number of Memb
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Maintain a roadmap of the relevant
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4 Members The RACE networkRFID comm
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EPoSS has close links with other ET
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Social context Surrounding people
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2.5 Interoperability It is common k
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fraction of the time. RFID technolo
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The middleware solutions for these
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T he AmI-4-SME project is addressin
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BRIDGE (Building Radio frequency ID
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T oday’s Internet is rapidly evol
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T he CoBIs project developed a radi
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C uteLoop has the strategic objecti
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T he DiY Smart Experiences project
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T he project objectives of DYNA- MI
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epresentatives of the Member States
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Approach The EURIDICE platform will
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T he first objective of the Hydra p
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This will produce new inputs to set
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IMS2020 strives for strengthening i
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L eapfrog is a joint research and i
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F easibility study for an improved
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R FID will form the basis of better
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T he SMART project employees RFID t
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T he StoLPaN project aims to define
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T he recently completed three-year
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Expected Impact WALTER is aimed at
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