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Measurement problems of the performance of ecotourism in hungary Hunting Fishing Horseback Kayaking White water rafting, canoeing Ships Caves and mines Hiking Output indicators number of organised ecotourism hunts number of forums, talks among hunters and local stakeholders changes in the fauna and the game stock of the area changes in the fish stock of the area increase of spawning areas number of organised tours changes in the flora and fauna of the area number of riding trails number of organised tours changes in the flora and fauna of the area number of organised tours changes in the flora and fauna of the area number of organised tours changes in the flora and fauna of the area number of organised tours changes in the flora, fauna, geology of the area number of educational paths and visitors centres information signs set up Table 2/b. 107 Performance indicators number of guests hunting length of season increase in average spending of tourists number of people participating in dialogues, meetings number of licences issued number of specimen fish caught number of guests increase in the average spending of tourists number of guests increase in average spending of tourists number of guests increase in average spending of tourists number of guests increase in average spending of tourists number of guests increase in average spending of tourists number of clicks to the information websites of paths Indicators relevant for specific ecotourism activities (Source: by the author) 3.3. Problems of the measurement of ecotourism performance Impact indicators preservation and sustainable development of game stock improved environment consciousness of locals stabilisation and improvement of stock of hunted species improvement of the stock of species caught growth in the stock of horses and improvement of the quality of the stock revenues from kayaking tourism revenues from rafters revenues from cruisers revenues from visitors If we want to be sure we are on the right track in the development of ecotourism, we need to know what impacts the ecotourism developments have on the environment and weather there are quantifiable achievements that should be maintained or possibly further enhanced. However, the measurement of the performance of ecotourism is hindered by several factors. ● First, the need to develop indicators in this activity is not really realised in Hungary,
Zoltán Raffay which is partly due to the fact that this tourism activity is quite new in Hungary, and the methods to study and development this activity are not as much elaborated as in the case of tourism activities with longer traditions; ● We lack the system to collect data. There are facts and figures at the national directorates of people who purchase entrance tickets and use paying services at the visitors centres of the national parks, but we do not know much about people who use services free of charge and who ramble in the natural eras without being registered; ● Who will monitor these activities? National parks and other environmentalist organisations lack both human resources and financial means to carry out such activities; ● We cannot be sure if an improvement in the conditions of the environment is the result of ecotourism or other factors (e.g. the decline of polluting sectors). References: BUDAY-SÁNTHA, A.: Contradictions of the Hungarian agricultural and rural development, with regard to the aspects of the environment. In: Bioenergetika- társadalom- harmonikus vidékfejlődés (Bioenergetics- society- harmony in rural development). Debrecen Department of the CRS of HAS, 2009 DR. RÁCZ, A.: Ökoturizmus és természetvédelem (Ecotourism and nature protection). Ministry of Rural Development. Downloaded on 28 September 2010 from http://www.termeszetvedelem.hu/_user/browser/File/okoturizmus/MNPH_2011_eloadasok/ Racz_MNPH_2011.pdf ECO-ROUTE PROJECT: Ecotourism Labelling. Good Practice Guide. 2005 ECOROUTE. A Route to Sustainable Rural Development through Ecotourism Labelling. Good Practice Guide. PRISMA- Centre for Development Studies, Athens, 2005 Ecotourism Electronic learning material developed within the framework of the project called TÁMOP.-4.1.2-08/1/A, University of Pécs, <strong>Illyés</strong> <strong>Gyula</strong> Faculty, Szekszárd, 2011 http://www.wikipedia.org Hungarian National Tourism Development Strategy Latest tourism development strategies of the nine Hungarian tourism regions (South Transdanubia, Middle Transdanubia, West Transdanubia, Lake Balaton Region, Lake Tisza Region, Budapest- Middle Danube Region, South Great Plain, North Great Plain, North Hungary) ÖKOTURIZMUS. Természet, kultúra, harmónia. (Ecotourism. Nature, culture, harmony). Magosfa Környezeti Nevelési és Ökoturisztikai Alapítvány, Vác, 2006 PUCZKÓ, L.-RÁTZ, T.: A turizmus hatásai (The impacts of tourism). Budapest, Aula Kiadó, 2002 Website of the project called “Det Naturliga Fisket”, www.detnaturligafisket.com *** 108
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