14th ICID - Poster Abstracts - International Society for Infectious ...

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When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 31.001 Session: Non-tubercolous Mycobacteria Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation AIDS-associated atypical mycobacteriosis other than Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: a 16- year survey of Mycobacterium xenopi, Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium fortuitum infections in the setting of HIV disease R. Manfredi University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Background: A prompt and effective diagnosis and a timely treatment of atypical mycobacteriosis, and especially Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium xenopi, and Mycobacterium fortuitum disease, remains a serious challenge for clinicians engaged in the management of the immunocompromised host, including HIV disease. Methods: Eighteen, twelve, and three HIV-infected patients with a microbiologically-confirmed M. kansasii, M. xenopi, and M. fortuitum respiratory infection respectively, have been observed in a 16-year period, out of over 4,700 hospitalizations performed because of HIV-associated disorders at our inpatient centre. These episodes were carefully evaluated from an epidemiological, bacteriological, clinical, and therapeutic point of view. Results: In 15 out of the 33 overall episodes (45.5%), a concurrent bacteremia was also retrieved, as a sign of disseminated infection. A rapid and significant reductin of the crude frequency of atypical mycobacteriosis as a major HIV-related complication, occurred shortly after the introduction of potent antiretroviral combinations (cART) in the year 1996. In fact, until early nineties, the lack of potent antiretroviral regimens made frequent the association of this opportunism with full-blown AIDS, a mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of around 20-50 cells/L, and extremely variable chest X-ray features and systemic presentations. The recent detection of 9 further episodes of atypical mycobacteriosis in the year 2009 was due to a late recognition of a far advanced HIV disease (the so-called “AIDS presenters”), which were already complicated by multiple opportunistic disorders. Conclusion: M. kansasii, M. xenopi, and M. fortuitum respiratory and/or disseminated infection continues to occur, and pose relevant diagnostic problems, including late or missed identification due to slow culture and frequently concurrent opportunistic disease. Serious therapeutic difficulties, due to the unpredictable in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these organisms, and the need to start as soon as possible an effective combination therapy which should not interfere with other medications (especially cART), are also of concern.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 31.002 Session: Non-tubercolous Mycobacteria Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation FOXO3a Transcription Factor mediates Apoptosis of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Infected Macrophages M. ESSAFI 1 , M. Houas 1 , A. Mallavialle 2 , N. Laabidi 3 , M. deckert 2 , M. R. Barbouche 1 1 Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunis, Tunisia, 2 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, UMR 576, Nice, France, 3 Institut Pasteur de Tunis, tunis, Tunisia Background: Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by macrophages is the first event in the host-pathogen relationship that decides outcome of infection. Apoptosis of infected macrophages occurs during the course of Tuberculosis, and most research indicates that it acts as a host defense mechanism leading to the elimination of the pathogen. However, the mechanisms of this process are not well-defined. Forkhead transcription factors of the Box-O family (FOXOs), major targets of the PI3K/Akt pathway, have been reported to regulate cell-cycle progression, life span and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of FOXO3a transcription factor in the regulation of BCG-mediated apoptosis in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells. Methods: Human THP-1 cells were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce maturation of the monocytes to a macrophage-like adherent phenotype before get infected or not with BCG. Cell survival was assessed by annexin V/7-AAD staining and visualization of nuclear condensation by a Giemsa staining. Whole cell proteins, cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts were analyzed by wester blot using specific antibodies. Real-Time PCR was used to analyze Gene’s expression profile of infected and non infected cells. Results: Similarly to Mtb, BCG significantly induced macrophage apoptosis when high multiplicity of infection (MOI) was used, while cell death was delayed at a lower MOI. BCG infection was associated with a decrease of both Akt and FOXO3a phosphorylation two hours post infection along with FOXO3a translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, Real-Time PCR analysis of gene’s expression profile of the BCG-infected macrophages revealed an up-regulation of two proapoptotic FOXO3a targets, the tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and the TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain (TRADD). Conclusion: FOXO3a plays an important role in BCG-induced cell death of human macrophage through the induction of pro-apototic factors. Understanding the Akt/FOXO3a pathway and its associated death mechanism in macrophages during Mycobacteria infection would lead to identification of potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment tuberculosis.
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