14th ICID - Poster Abstracts - International Society for Infectious ...

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When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 34.008 Session: Zoonoses and Infectoins in Animals Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Trypanosome infections in dogs from Chagas disease endemic regions in Panama, Central America V. J. Pineda Segundo 1 , I. Monfante 2 , N. L. Gottdenker 3 , A. Saldaña 4 , A. M. Santamaria 5 , S. Puga 6 , J. E. Calzada L. 7 1 Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios en Salud, panama, PAN, Panama, 2 Universidad de Panama, PANAMA, PAN, Panama, 3 Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, Atlanta, US, USA, 4 Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de EStudios en Salud, Panama, PAN, Panama, 5 Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios en la Salud, Panama, Panama, 6 Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios en la Salud, Panama, Panama, 7 Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios en Salud, Panama, Panama Background: Chagas Disease remains a major parasitic zoonosis in Latin America affecting 9.8 to 11 million people. The infection is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan naturally transmitted to mammals, including humans, by triatomines. In endemic areas, humans and animals become mainly infected through contact with parasite-infected excreta from triatomines. The sylvatic triatomine, Rhodnius pallescens is considered the main vector of T. cruzi and T. rangeli in Panama. In many countries, such as Panama, non-domiciliated vectors remain responsible for a significant transmission risk and their control poses a challenge for disease control. Dogs are important reservoirs of the disease in the domestic transmission, and due to the close proximity with humans they may represent a high risk to humans. However, the role of dogs as reservoirs and as risk factor for human transmission in the peridomestic and/or sylvatic habitats has only been partially explored. Consequently we evaluate the prevalence of canine trypanosomiasis rural endemic communities where the non-domicilated R. pallescens is responsible for T. cruzi transmission to humans. Methods: During 2007, a cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the presence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies and blood trypanosomes in dogs from the rural communities of Las Pavas and Lagartera Grande in Central Panama. A questionnaire was applied to the dog owners to assess epidemiological data and risk factors associated with the disease. Results: Of the 94 dogs analyzed, 51 were male and 43 females. The mean age for both males and females was 3.6 years (range 4 months – 15 years).Serological and parasitological tests revealed that 12 dogs (12.8%) were trypanosome infected (Table 1). Nine dogs (9.6%) had antibodies against T. cruzi. Trypanosomes were isolated in three (5.3%) hemoculture samples. Molecular analysis showed that isolated trypanosomes were T. rangeli. None of these T. rangeli positive dogs had detectable antibodies against T. cruzi. Four infected dogs belong to people with Chagas disease diagnosis. Conclusion: In conclusion our data demonstrate that dogs are frequently infected with Trypanosomes in this area o Panama with a prevalence similar to the one observed in the human population. This study improves our understanding of the epidemiology and control of Chagas disease in rural areas of central Panama.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 34.009 Session: Zoonoses and Infectoins in Animals Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Molecular evidence of genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato detected in Ixodes granulatus ticks removed from rodents in Taiwan L.-L. Chao, C.-M. Shih National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Background: Genetic diversity of Borrelia spirochetes in Ixodes granulatus ticks of Taiwan remains unknown and needs further identified. Methods: A general survey was conducted to collect I. granulatus ticks removed from trapped rodents in Taiwan. Total genomic DNA was extracted from individual tick specimen by using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen). Genetic identities of Borrelia spirochetes detected in I. granulatus ticks were determined by analyzing the gene sequences amplified by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on the 5S-23S intergenic spacer amplicon gene of B. burgdorferi sensu lato. Phylogenetic relationships of these detected spirochetes were further analyzed by neighbour-joining (NJ) compared with maximum parsimony (MP) methods. Results: A total of 261 I. granulatus ticks (156 adults and 105 nymphs) were tested by nested- PCR assay and Borrelia spirochetes were detected in 80 adults and 52 nymphs with an infection rate of 51.3% and 49.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that all these detected spirochetes constitute two major separate clades distincted from other Borrelia genospecies in both NJ and MP methods. Within the clades, 10 strains of Borrelia spirochetes detected in I. granulatus ticks were closely related to the genospecies of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and 15 strains of detected spirochetes were closely related to B. valaisiana. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the genetic diversity of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes detected in I. granulatus ticks collected in Taiwan. The genetic identities of these detected spirochetes were clarified by analyzing sequence homology of 5S-23S intergenic spacer amplicon gene. Further investigations on Borrelia spirochetes detected in variant tick species and reservoir hosts would beneficial to the better understanding of genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia spirochetes in Taiwan.
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