14th ICID - Poster Abstracts - International Society for Infectious ...

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When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 33.008 Session: Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Prevention & Control Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in the Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. Results of active case finding O. Gorbacheva, A. K. MISHRA, D. SHAPOVALOV, S. Sudtasay International Organization for Migration, Jhapa, Nepal Background: Approximately 100,000 Bhutanese refugees live in camps in southeastern Nepal. Since December 2007 the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in Nepal has conducted medical screening of Bhutanese refugees prior to resettlement in USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark and Norway. Screening for TB included both sputum smears and cultures. The estimated prevalence of all forms of TB was 243 per 100,000 in Nepal (WHO, 2006), and 217 per 100,000 in Bhutanese refugee camps prior to resettlement (UNHCR, 2007). Methods: Depending on the age group and specific instructions of the resettlement countries, suspected TB cases were identified with the combination of the medical history, physical examination, CXR and TST. Suspected cases were referred for microbiological examination of three sputum samples by both acid-fast bacilli staining and liquid culture for TB. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed on all new positive cultures. If smears or cultures were positive, or if clinical and radiological findings were consistent with active TB, directly observed treatment was performed. Results: From December 13, 2007 to July 31, 2009, IOM Nepal conducted medical examinations of 23,459 refugees, of which 2,391 (10.2%) were suspected TB cases. Prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed (positive sputum smears or/and cultures) was 644 per 100,000. Prevalence of smear-positive cases was 230 per 100,000. Compared with culture, sensitivity of sputum smears was only 32%. DST yielded 2% MDR TB among culture confirmed cases; 5% with resistance to more than one drug, but not MDR TB; 3% INH mono-resistant TB; 3% PZA mono-resistant TB. Conclusion: Results of this cross-sectional study show high prevalence of infectious pulmonary TB among the Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. These results highlight the increase in case detection when sputum culture is performed, which can detect TB cases with low bacillary load. We identified prevalence of pulmonary TB at least 2.7 times greater than previously reported prevalence of all forms. This points out the benefit for wider use of sputum culture to detect infectious TB in high burden countries. A significant proportion (13%) of cases with drug resistance highlights the need for DST to direct TB therapy.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 33.009 Session: Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Prevention & Control Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients and tobacco use in North Malaysia: The prevalence of tobacco use, knowledge, and attitudes A. Awaisu 1 , M. H. Nik Mohamed 2 , N. Mohamad Noordin 3 , A. R. Muttalif 4 , A. Ahmad Mahayiddin 5 , A. Saad 6 , S. Muhammadu Gobir 7 1 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Penang, Malaysia, 2 International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia, 3 National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4 Penang Hospital, Penang, Penang, Malaysia, 5 Institut Perubatan Respiratori, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia, 7 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Background: Sufficient evidence concludes that tobacco smoking is strongly linked to tuberculosis (TB). It was suggested that a considerable proportion of the global burden of TB may be attributable to smoking. This study aimed to document the prevalence of smoking among newly diagnosed TB patients and to learn about their tobacco use knowledge and attitudes. Methods: Data on smoking prevalence were obtained based on reviews of routinely collated data from January through December 2008 in the state of Penang. The study setting comprised of five chest clinics located within Penang and Wilayah Persakutuan Kuala Lumpur health districts, Malaysia. A validated 58-item questionnaire was used to assess the tobacco use knowledge and attitudes of those TB patients who were smokers. Results: Smoking status was determinant in 817 of 943 new cases of TB during study period. Of this, it was estimated that the prevalence rates of current and ex-smoking among TB patients was 40.27% (329/817) and 13.95% (114/817), respectively. Of 86 cigarette smokers who were eligible for a larger project, 93% responded to the survey. The mean (±SD) total score of tobacco use knowledge items was 4.23±2.66 (maximum possible score=11). More than half of the participants (51.3%) were moderately dependent on nicotine and less than half (47.5%) had knowledge about the body system on which cigarette smoking has the greatest negative effect. The majority wrongly believed that smokeless tobacco can increase athletic performance (60%) and that it is a safe and harmless product (46.2%). However, an overwhelming proportion (>80%) of the patients believed that: tobacco use is dangerous to health and that smokers are more likely to die from heart disease when compared with non-smokers. The use of smokeless tobacco was moderately prevalent among the participants with 28.8% reporting ever snuffed, but the use of cigar and pipe was uncommon. Conclusion: Smoking prevalence rate was high among patients with TB in Malaysia. These patients generally had deficiencies in knowledge of tobacco use and its health dangers, but had positive attitudes against it. Efforts should be geared towards reducing tobacco use among this population due to its negative impact on TB treatment outcomes.
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