Juvenile Justice System and Risk Factor Data - Illinois Criminal ...

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State initiatives The following state initiatives seek to reform and improve the juvenile justice system in Illinois by reducing the number of youth in juvenile detention and corrections, reducing the disproportionate number of minority youth in the juvenile justice system, promoting the principles of restorative justice, and reducing youth violence. Redeploy Illinois The Redeploy Illinois Act took effect in December 2003 and provides counties with funding for probation departments to assess delinquent youth and refer those deemed low-risk to communitybased programs that include education, recreation, community service, and crisis and health intervention. Redeploy program participants are non-violent youth who would otherwise be incarcerated. Redeploy Illinois programs are obligated to reduce the number of youth commitments to the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) by 25 percent from the average number of commitments for the previous three years. Redeploy Illinois program sites operate in Macon County, the 2nd Judicial Circuit (serving Crawford, Edwards, Franklin, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jefferson, Lawrence, Richland, Wabash, Wayne, and White counties), St. Clair County, and Peoria County. Services provided by Redeploy Illinois programs include: aggression replacement training, functional family therapy, GPS monitoring, substance abuse and mental health treatment, life skills education, parent/family support, and victim support. In the first two years of implementation, Redeploy Illinois pilot sites, on average, reduced DJJ commitments by 44 percent (226 youth) within their communities. The Redeploy Illinois Oversight Board estimated that the reduction of 226 youth equals a gross DJJ savings of more than $11 million in the four sites. In 2004, 58 percent of youth court-committed to IDOC were convicted of property or drug crimes as opposed to violent crimes. Research has shown that non-violent youth are more likely to become further involved in delinquent or criminal behavior if they are securely confined rather than remaining in their communities and receiving services to address mental illness, substance abuse, learning disabilities, and unstable living arrangement. 41 Community-based services are less expensive than institutional care, but counties currently have a fiscal incentive to commit youth to IDOC. Community-based programs may be more cost-effective, but the county must pay for community-based treatment programs. However, the cost of housing and providing services to youth in IDOC is covered by the state. Implementation of Redeploy Illinois began in Macon County and the 2 nd Judicial Circuit in November 2004. Each program site provides data to the Illinois Department of Human Services that are compiled in an annual report. In 2007, Macon County reduced youth commitments to 42 IDOC by 65 percent, from 51 to 18 youth. 90
The Second Judicial Circuit Redeploy Program served 20 youth in 2007 and the average length of program participation was nine to 12 months. The probation department assumed the administrative function and day-to-day oversight of the program. According to the November 2008 Redeploy Illinois annual report, the Second Judicial Circuit Redeploy program reduced youth commitments to IDJJ 41 percent (20 fewer youth) in 2007. In 2005, Redeploy Illinois pilot sites in Peoria and St. Clair counties were implemented. In Peoria County, the focus is on high-risk youth probationers and youth who would otherwise have been sent to IDOC for a court evaluation. Among other services, participants receive mentoring, individual and family counseling, aggression replacement therapy, and increased community supervision. In FY07, Peoria County reduced youth commitments from 78 to 49, a 38 percent reduction. In St. Clair County, the goals of Redeploy Illinois are to provide evaluations locally rather than committing youth to IDOC for a court evaluation, and increasing the capacity of the county to provide evidence-based treatment in the least restrictive setting. Treatment services supported with Redeploy funds include functional family therapy, multi-systemic therapy, aggression replacement therapy, family group conferencing, and intensive community supervision. In FY07, St. Clair County reduced youth commitments to IDJJ 37 percent (29 fewer youth). In 2007, Redeploy Illinois received an increase of $750,000 to expand the initiative to include other counties. The Authority created profiles for each existing and potential Redeploy Illinois county. The profiles examined county-specific economic and social indicator data, and detention and corrections data to provide a statistical portrait of each county. The profiles were distributed to each county and will be available on the Authority’s website in fall 2009. Illinois Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative The Annie E. Casey Foundation established the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI) in 1992 to demonstrate that jurisdictions can develop more effective and efficient alternatives to placing youth in detention centers. The national foundation is a private charitable organization dedicated to helping build better futures for disadvantaged children. JDAI focuses on the juvenile detention component of the juvenile justice system with an underlying belief that youth are often unnecessarily or inappropriately detained at great expense, with long-lasting negative consequences for both public safety and youth development. JDAI promotes changes to policies, practices, and programs in efforts to: (1) reduce reliance on secure confinement, (2) improve public safety, (3) reduce racial disparities and bias, (4) save tax dollars, (5) stimulate overall juvenile justice reforms, and (6) implement new or enhanced nonsecure alternatives to detention, such as innovative probation- based services. The foundation tested the initiative in five pilot sites nationwide, including Cook County. 43 Cook County made substantial improvements on all four objectives, a trend that was substantiated by more recent evaluations by the Annie E. Casey Foundation in 2005. The county was able to decrease the number of youth unnecessarily detained by implementing an objective detentionscreening instrument. Cook County also reduced the number of failures to appear in court by 91
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State of Illinois Pat Quinn, Govern
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Acknowledgments We wish to acknowle
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State initiatives .................
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Table 18: Number and percentage of
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Figure 16: Rate of youth adjudicate
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Foreword The Illinois Criminal Just
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Poverty In calendar year 2007, 524,
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Illinois juvenile justice system da
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Special issues Disproportionate min
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Youth courts Youth courts, also cal
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Introduction Since 2003, the Illino
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The Juvenile Justice System and Ris
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Figure 1 Flowchart of the Illinois
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Table 1 Legislative changes from th
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• Competency development. Restora
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Community risk factors Community ri
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Education In 2000, the most recent
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Social context The data elements ex
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neglect. That year, 28,516 cases of
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Correctional inmates with children
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Chronic truants are students who ha
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Expulsions During AY07, 3,451 stude
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important protective factors agains
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An alternate source for youth arres
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Arrest data by offense category is
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Court data After being arrested a y
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Map 2 P ercent change in rate of ne
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Map 3 Percent change in rate of you
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Detention data information Data col
Page 61 and 62: The Central region of Illinois expe
Page 63 and 64: Transfers to criminal court Youth 1
Page 65 and 66: Map 5 Number of detained youth tran
Page 67 and 68: The rate of formal probation cases
Page 69 and 70: Informal probation caseloads The nu
Page 71 and 72: Delinquency petitions continued und
Page 73 and 74: Map 8 Percent change in rate of you
Page 75 and 76: adult would. Mandatory supervised r
Page 77 and 78: Map 9 Percent change in rate of you
Page 79 and 80: Of court commitments in FY07, 28 pe
Page 81 and 82: 2004, increasing 28 percent from 1,
Page 83 and 84: Special issues Disproportionate min
Page 85 and 86: Calculate the jurisdictional RI usi
Page 87 and 88: under-represented at 52 percent les
Page 89 and 90: Table 10 RRI calculations for black
Page 91 and 92: Detention In 2007, the rates of adm
Page 93 and 94: Map 12 Hispanic youth detention rel
Page 95 and 96: Map 13 Black youth IDJJ relative ra
Page 97 and 98: Table 14 provides a statewide overv
Page 99 and 100: From 1997 to 2007, there was a 65 p
Page 101 and 102: Table 17 shows the number of youth
Page 103 and 104: Females in secure detention Females
Page 105 and 106: screening after referral from a juv
Page 107 and 108: Specialized courts Juvenile drug co
Page 109 and 110: Youth courts Youth courts, also cal
Page 111: Record expungement In Illinois, aft
Page 115 and 116: Models for Change Models for Change
Page 117 and 118: Map 16 Juvenile justice system init
Page 119 and 120: is not known how accurate the data
Page 121 and 122: Further recommendations The recomme
Page 123 and 124: Automatic transfer (Excluded Jurisd
Page 125 and 126: Detoxification Discretionary transf
Page 127 and 128: Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA)
Page 129 and 130: Property crime index A subcategory
Page 131 and 132: Appendix B: Map of judicial circuit
Page 133 and 134: Appendix D: Map of Illinois youth c
Page 135 and 136: 12 - Homicide, Aggravated Kidnappin
Page 137 and 138: Offense Offense Offense Offense Cat
Page 139 and 140: Illinois Department of Corrections
Page 141: Prevention First 2800 Montvale Driv
Page 144 and 145: Table 8: Number of reported cases o
Page 146 and 147: Table 1: Number of services to yout
Page 148 and 149: Table 2: Number of services to yout
Page 150 and 151: Table 3: Number of unemployed, FY02
Page 152 and 153: Table 4: Estimated median household
Page 154 and 155: Table 5: Estimated number of youth
Page 156 and 157: Table 6: Monthly average number of
Page 158 and 159: Table 7: Number of reported domesti
Page 160 and 161: Table 8: Number of reported cases o
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Table 9: Number of indicated cases
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Table 10: Number of reported cases
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Table 11: Number of indicated cases
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Table 12: Number of reported crimes
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Table 13: Number of inmates admitte
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Table 14: Number of students report
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Table 15: Number and sex of truant,
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Table 16: Number of students suspen
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Table 17: Number of students expell
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Table 18: Number of high school dro
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Table 19: Youth population age 10-1
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Table 20: Youth population by race
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Table 21: Number of youth arrests b
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Table 25: Number and type of court
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Table 26: Number and type of youth
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Table 27: Number of delinquency pet
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Table 28: Number of youth (ages 10
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Table 29: Number of youth admission
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Table 33: Average daily population
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Table 34: Number of youth transfers
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Table 35: Number of active youth fo
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Table 36: Number of active informal
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Table 37: Number of youth delinquen
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Table 38: Number of youth probation
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Table 39: Number and type of court
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Table 43: Number of youth (age 13 t
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Table 46: Number of youth released
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Table 47: Representation index (RI)
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Notes 1 Griffin, Patrick, Linda Szy
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41 Shelden, Randall G., Detention D
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