Juvenile Justice System and Risk Factor Data - Illinois Criminal ...

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Detention data After a police officer takes a youth into custody, he or she considers the need for placement in a detention facility, based on flight risk and if the youth is a danger to himself or the community. If detention seems appropriate, the officer will contact the agency responsible for formal detention screening (typically a probation department or detention center) and request detention screening. If the officer decides not to request detention, the youth is released to a parent or guardian. With detention screening, it is the screener’s responsibility to determine if the youth requires detainment. A detention screening instrument is used in nearly all Illinois jurisdictions. See Appendix E for a copy of the detention screening instrument being used across Illinois. Detention decisions are made based on a final screening score. Points are assigned based on the severity of the current offense, the youth’s prior involvement with the juvenile justice system, whether or not the youth has missed previous court dates, and the youth’s legal status. For most instruments in use in Illinois, if a youth scores 12 or more points, he or she is detained. If a youth scores seven to 11 points, the screener may release the youth, but apply a less restrictive or nonsecure custody option, such as home detention. If a youth scores less than six points, he or she is released to a parent or guardian. A detention screener may ask a supervisor for permission to override the score when aggravating or mitigating factors not found on the instrument are considered. For example, a youth arrested during a domestic dispute may not score enough to warrant detention, but the screener may request an override to keep the youth from returning to his or her home environment. A detention hearing must be held within 40 hours of detainment, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and court holidays. Once there is probable cause to believe the minor is delinquent, a continuation of detention can be based on any of the following: (1) secure custody is of immediate and urgent necessity for the minor’s protection or the protection of another person or his or her property; (2) the minor is likely to flee the jurisdiction of the court; or (3) the minor was arrested under a warrant [705 ILCS 405/5-501]. Only youth 10 years of age or older can be held in a youth detention center. See Appendix D for a map of all Illinois detention centers operating in 2007. Most admissions to youth detention centers are of youth who have been accused of committing delinquent acts but have not yet been adjudicated delinquent. The detainment of youth accused of delinquent acts but who have not yet had a trial is referred to as pre-trial detention. Youth detention centers also are used for short periods of detention as part of a sentence. The detainment of youth following trial is referred to as a post-trial detention. Youth found delinquent can be ordered to serve up to 30 days in a county detention center, which includes time served prior to sentencing. 36
Detention data information Data collected for the Administrative Office of the Illinois Courts (AOIC) Annual Report to the Illinois Supreme Court and from the Juvenile Monitoring Information System (JMIS) were used to examine admissions to Illinois youth detention centers from 1997 to 2007. JMIS is a web-based management information system, managed by the University of Illinois that allows Illinois juvenile detention centers to electronically submit data and run reports. The 2007 data extracted from JMIS can be separated by age, gender, race, and offense type for each admission. Most detention centers reported in 2007 to JMIS the number of admissions and the characteristics of the youth admitted. Although the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center did not report to JMIS in 2007, they provided the Authority with detention data for 2007. The Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center began JMIS data entry in 2007. Detention facilities use internal offense hierarchies and only submit the most serious charge for which a youth is being detained. This charge is then grouped into specific offense categories by the Authority. Detention offense categories used were based on the Illinois Compiled Statutes and are detailed in Appendix F. The JMIS system makes a distinction for juveniles admitted to detention for a warrant, which can be issued for any type of crime. In most warrant detention admissions, the offense for which the warrant was issued is specified in JMIS. However, in some cases this is not possible and the offense is designated as a non-specific warrant admission. In these situations, a warrant offense designation in the JMIS system indicates that the juvenile was admitted on the basis of an outstanding warrant, rather than the offense for which the warrant was issued. Detention admissions information was obtained from AOIC annual reports for 1997 through 1999. During these years it is not possible to separate out detention admissions by age. Detention admissions information from 2000 to 2007 was obtained from JMIS. For these years, the numbers reported are only for detention admissions of youth between the ages of 10 and 16. Youth over age 16 can be detained in juvenile detention centers, but usually only in special circumstances. For this reason, detention admission rates were limited to only youth ages 10 to 16 when possible. The Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center provided the Authority with detention admissions information for 2000 through 2006 as they did not begin reporting to JMIS until 2007. They did not provide the ages of youth, so the total Cook County admissions numbers provided for 2000 to 2006 were used. 37
Page 1:
State of Illinois Pat Quinn, Govern
Page 4 and 5:
Acknowledgments We wish to acknowle
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State initiatives .................
Page 8 and 9: Table 18: Number and percentage of
Page 10 and 11: Figure 16: Rate of youth adjudicate
Page 13 and 14: Foreword The Illinois Criminal Just
Page 15 and 16: Poverty In calendar year 2007, 524,
Page 17 and 18: Illinois juvenile justice system da
Page 19 and 20: Special issues Disproportionate min
Page 21 and 22: Youth courts Youth courts, also cal
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Since 2003, the Illino
Page 25 and 26: The Juvenile Justice System and Ris
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1 Flowchart of the Illinois
Page 29 and 30: Table 1 Legislative changes from th
Page 31 and 32: • Competency development. Restora
Page 33 and 34: Community risk factors Community ri
Page 35 and 36: Education In 2000, the most recent
Page 37 and 38: Social context The data elements ex
Page 39 and 40: neglect. That year, 28,516 cases of
Page 41 and 42: Correctional inmates with children
Page 43 and 44: Chronic truants are students who ha
Page 45 and 46: Expulsions During AY07, 3,451 stude
Page 47 and 48: important protective factors agains
Page 49 and 50: An alternate source for youth arres
Page 51 and 52: Arrest data by offense category is
Page 53 and 54: Court data After being arrested a y
Page 55 and 56: Map 2 P ercent change in rate of ne
Page 57: Map 3 Percent change in rate of you
Page 61 and 62: The Central region of Illinois expe
Page 63 and 64: Transfers to criminal court Youth 1
Page 65 and 66: Map 5 Number of detained youth tran
Page 67 and 68: The rate of formal probation cases
Page 69 and 70: Informal probation caseloads The nu
Page 71 and 72: Delinquency petitions continued und
Page 73 and 74: Map 8 Percent change in rate of you
Page 75 and 76: adult would. Mandatory supervised r
Page 77 and 78: Map 9 Percent change in rate of you
Page 79 and 80: Of court commitments in FY07, 28 pe
Page 81 and 82: 2004, increasing 28 percent from 1,
Page 83 and 84: Special issues Disproportionate min
Page 85 and 86: Calculate the jurisdictional RI usi
Page 87 and 88: under-represented at 52 percent les
Page 89 and 90: Table 10 RRI calculations for black
Page 91 and 92: Detention In 2007, the rates of adm
Page 93 and 94: Map 12 Hispanic youth detention rel
Page 95 and 96: Map 13 Black youth IDJJ relative ra
Page 97 and 98: Table 14 provides a statewide overv
Page 99 and 100: From 1997 to 2007, there was a 65 p
Page 101 and 102: Table 17 shows the number of youth
Page 103 and 104: Females in secure detention Females
Page 105 and 106: screening after referral from a juv
Page 107 and 108: Specialized courts Juvenile drug co
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Youth courts Youth courts, also cal
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Record expungement In Illinois, aft
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The Second Judicial Circuit Redeplo
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Models for Change Models for Change
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Map 16 Juvenile justice system init
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is not known how accurate the data
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Further recommendations The recomme
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Automatic transfer (Excluded Jurisd
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Detoxification Discretionary transf
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Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA)
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Property crime index A subcategory
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Appendix B: Map of judicial circuit
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Appendix D: Map of Illinois youth c
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12 - Homicide, Aggravated Kidnappin
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Offense Offense Offense Offense Cat
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Illinois Department of Corrections
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Prevention First 2800 Montvale Driv
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Table 8: Number of reported cases o
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Table 1: Number of services to yout
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Table 2: Number of services to yout
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Table 3: Number of unemployed, FY02
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Table 4: Estimated median household
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Table 5: Estimated number of youth
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Table 6: Monthly average number of
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Table 7: Number of reported domesti
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Table 8: Number of reported cases o
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Table 9: Number of indicated cases
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Table 10: Number of reported cases
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Table 11: Number of indicated cases
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Table 12: Number of reported crimes
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Table 13: Number of inmates admitte
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Table 14: Number of students report
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Table 15: Number and sex of truant,
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Table 16: Number of students suspen
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Table 17: Number of students expell
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Table 18: Number of high school dro
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Table 19: Youth population age 10-1
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Table 20: Youth population by race
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Table 21: Number of youth arrests b
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Table 25: Number and type of court
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Table 26: Number and type of youth
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Table 27: Number of delinquency pet
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Table 28: Number of youth (ages 10
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Table 29: Number of youth admission
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Table 33: Average daily population
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Table 34: Number of youth transfers
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Table 35: Number of active youth fo
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Table 36: Number of active informal
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Table 37: Number of youth delinquen
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Table 38: Number of youth probation
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Table 39: Number and type of court
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Table 43: Number of youth (age 13 t
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Table 46: Number of youth released
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Table 47: Representation index (RI)
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Notes 1 Griffin, Patrick, Linda Szy
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41 Shelden, Randall G., Detention D
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