CLIOwin 7 PCI User's Manual - Audiomatica

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10.4.4 PHASE & GROUP DELAY We used the term "Frequency Response" to refer to graphs of Fig.10.5 and Fig.10.8. Frequency is in the x-axis in both figures. The units that respond to frequency, y-axis, are Volt and Ohm, respectively. Both of them are complex quantities (have real and imaginary parts) and their magnitude is shown. Doing this we obtained a very useful piece of information but we lost the original data (infinite numbers of different real and imaginary part can lead to the same magnitude). How this information loss will affect your results depends on what you are going to do with these graphs, or, better still, what the original question you were trying to answer was. Referring to Fig.10.5. A reasonable question could have been: how much does "A" filter attenuate a signal at 100Hz in respect to 1kHz? You go through the graph with the marker and answer 19.3dB. If you have the IEC 651 norm you can go to the "A" filter specs and you will find this attenuation should be 19.1dB +- 0.5dB for type 0 devices. End of your job. Let’s now pose another question referring to Fig.10.8: by how much would a 10kHz tone would be attenuated if we wire a 10 ohm resistor in series with that woofer? We are simply not able to give the correct answer. We need another piece of information, which is PHASE. Fig.10.19 is the same measure of Fig.10.8 with phase curve overlaid. To obtain it we just stored the magnitude curve and clicked on the phase button. 150.0 CLIO 180.0 Ohm Deg 120.0 108.0 90.0 36.0 60.0 -36.0 30.0 -108.0 0.0 -180.0 20 Hz 100 1k 10k 20k Figure 10.19 The same principal applies to acoustic devices. Fig.10.20 shows the magnitude response of a woofer and tweeter in a box without a cross-over network. 110.0 CLIO 180.0 1.00 V CLIO dBSPL Deg 0.80 100.0 108.0 0.60 0.40 90.0 36.0 0.20 0.00 80.0 -36.0 -0.20 -0.40 70.0 -108.0 -0.60 -0.80 60.0 -180.0 -1.00 20 Hz 100 1k 10k 20k 0.00 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8.0 9.6 11 13 14 16 ms Figure 10.20 and 10.21 The two measurements were taken from the same microphone position. If we were to we ask ourselves which is the summed output we could not answer from the magnitude data alone. Unfortunately acoustic phase is not so easy to handle as electric phase. We are going to base our example on the tweeter, whose impulse response and window settings are in Fig.10.21. The procedure for the woofer would be exactly the same. 120 Chapter 10 - MLS
We will take this opportunity to introduce the use of the Wrapped Phase Button . Figures 10.22 and 10.23 shows the tweeter phase curve, unwrapped and wrapped. 110.0 CLIO 180.0 110.0 CLIO 180.0 dBSPL Deg dBSPL Deg 100.0 -3132.0 100.0 108.0 90.0 -6444.0 90.0 36.0 80.0 -9756.0 80.0 -36.0 70.0 -13068.0 70.0 -108.0 60.0 -16380.0 20 Hz 100 1k 10k 20k 60.0 -180.0 20 Hz 100 1k 10k 20k Figure 10.22 and 10.23 The reader may wonder if these figures are correct at all and if they have the same usefulness, at least visually. Well, the curves are absolutely correct; their visual usefulness is zero for the wrapped curve and low for the unwrapped. Difficulties in getting simple visual information from these curves arise because they are the sum of two effects. The first one is the devices own phase response. The second is the time of sound flight. The latter does affect the curves much more than the first one, completely burying it. The good news is that it is often possible to separate these two effects. However, the bad news is that this is not an easy task. Trying to explain it, without going into heavy mathematics is very difficult. The bibliography in this user manual should be considered as an integral part of it here. Within CLIO the time of flight can be removed in several different ways, with different degrees of accuracy. The most accurate is also the most complicated and is how we are going to proceed. Fig. 10.24 introduces us to Minimum Phase, which is the heart of the whole procedure. 110.0 CLIO 180.0 dBSPL Deg 100.0 108.0 90.0 36.0 80.0 -36.0 70.0 -108.0 60.0 -180.0 20 Hz 100 1k 10k 20k Figure 10.24 We obtained it by selecting minimum phase in the MLS phase Drop Down Menu (right click on the phase speed button). Certain well-behaved systems are defined as Minimum Phase. In these, the phase response can be obtained from the magnitude response by calculation. Another kind of phase (we promise it is the last one), is Excess Phase. This is the algebraic difference Chapter 10 - MLS 121
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ELECTRICAL & ACOUSTICAL TESTS User'
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CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...........
Page 5 and 6:
7.10 SIGNAL FILES .................
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14.1 INTRODUCTION .................
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AUDIOMATICA’S WARRANTY Audiomatic
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12 Chapter 1 - Introduction
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2.1 THE PB-4281 PC BOARD AND SC-01
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2.2.3 THE MIC-01 (OR MIC-02) FREQUE
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2.4 THE QCBOX MODEL 4 AMPLIFIER & S
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2) 2 x Stereo mini jack to two RCA
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3.3 HARDWARE REGISTRATION WITH WIND
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3.3.2 HARDWARE REGISTRATION UNDER W
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3.3.3 HARDWARE REGISTRATION UNDER W
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Figure 3.21 Let's now verify that t
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3.4 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION This para
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3.6 RUNNING CLIOWIN FOR THE FIRST T
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3.7.1 CALIBRATION VALIDATION Figure
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3.9 TROUBLESHOOTING CLIO INSTALLATI
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4.3 CLIOWIN DESKTOP The CLIOwin des
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4.5 HARDWARE CONTROLS TOOLBAR 4.5.1
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4.5.4 MICROPHONE CONTROL Switches C
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4.6.2 CONTROLLING A TURNTABLE Fig.4
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4.7.2 ANALYSIS MENU The Analysis me
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Fig. 4.16 Sinusoidal Submenu Fig. 4
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4.7.3 CONTROLS MENU The Controls Me
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4.8 BASIC CONNECTIONS In order to c
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4.8.3 CONNECTING THE CLIOQC AMPLIFI
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T&S parameters data files. Wow&Flut
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Invokes the Autosave Settings dialo
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5.3.4 PRINTING Enters the Notes dia
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customize up to 6 different color s
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5.7.1 SAVING MEASUREMENT SETTINGS M
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6.3 BUTTONS AND CHECKBOXES Moves (s
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6.6 THE MLS TIME DOMAIN DISPLAY Whe
Page 70 and 71: The following figure shows a 1031.2
Page 72 and 73: 7.4 MULTITONES It is possible to ge
Page 74 and 75: 7.6 MLS It is possible to generate
Page 76 and 77: 7.8 The following figure shows a 20
Page 78 and 79: The following figure shows the same
Page 80 and 81: For comparison with Pink noises the
Page 82 and 83: The following figure shows a msampl
Page 84 and 85: 84 Chapter 7 - Signal Generator
Page 86 and 87: 8.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS Starts the me
Page 88 and 89: This is substantially the measureme
Page 90 and 91: With the Multi-meter running, fit t
Page 92 and 93: 8.6 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MULTI-M
Page 94 and 95: 9.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS, DROP DOWN LI
Page 96 and 97: 9.4 FFT SETTINGS DIALOG Fig. 9.2 Th
Page 98 and 99: A better approach is to center the
Page 100 and 101: it is necessary to remove the fligh
Page 102 and 103: 80.0 CLIO dBSPL 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0
Page 104 and 105: 9.10 “LIVE” TRANSFER FUNCTION A
Page 106 and 107: Another factor of maximum importanc
Page 108 and 109: The last obstacle you may find whil
Page 110 and 111: 10.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS Starts an ML
Page 112 and 113: Amplifier & SwitchBox Model 2,3 and
Page 114 and 115: 10.4 MEASURING FREQUENCY RESPONSE I
Page 116 and 117: 150.0 CLIO 180.0 150.0 CLIO 180.0 O
Page 118 and 119: speaker we are testing is a gloriou
Page 122 and 123: etween true phase, as in Fig.10.22,
Page 124 and 125: 10.5 OTHER TIME DOMAIN INFORMATION
Page 126 and 127: utton. Any process you execute can
Page 128 and 129: 10.7 MLS Vs. LOG CHIRP As anticipat
Page 130 and 131: 10.8 RELATED MENUS The dual domain
Page 132 and 133: Display fifth harmonic distortion,
Page 134 and 135: Gating (Acquisition) Settings Gated
Page 136 and 137: 11.3 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ON SETTING
Page 138 and 139: 11.3.3 GATING Enabling Gating allow
Page 140 and 141: 11.4 DISTORTION AND SETTINGS Sinuso
Page 142 and 143: Finally Fig.11.12 shows the distort
Page 144 and 145: 12.2 WATERFALL AND DIRECTIVITY CONT
Page 146 and 147: 12.3.2 WATERFALL OPERATION As alrea
Page 148 and 149: Figure 12.5 One powerful way to ins
Page 150 and 151: 12.5 DIRECTIVITY SPECIFIC CONTROLS
Page 152 and 153: 12.6 MEASURING AND REPRESENTING LOU
Page 154 and 155: 12.6.4 REPRESENTING POLAR DATA To r
Page 156 and 157: 156 Chapter 12 - Waterfall and Dire
Page 158 and 159: If you are a novice in using CLIO,
Page 160 and 161: life harder even if more interestin
Page 162 and 163: 13.4 I SENSE This requires Audiomat
Page 164 and 165: 0.0 CLIO 180.0 dBV Deg -10.0 108.0
Page 166 and 167: CLIO INPUT A INPUT B OUTPUT A OUTPU
Page 168 and 169: 13.7 THIELE & SMALL PARAMETERS 13.7
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L 1kHz L 10kHz Inductance at 1kHz I
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We can now save our complete result
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The graphs refers to a linearity me
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DIN measures Intermodulation distor
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15.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS AND DROP DOW
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15.3 ACOUSTICAL PARAMETERS SETTINGS
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RTU [s]. Reverberation time evaluat
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184 Chapter 15 - Acoustical Paramet
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16.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS AND DROP DOW
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16.3 Leq SETTINGS Time resolution S
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17.3 FEATURES Figure 17.2 Aside a s
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192 Chapter 17 - Wow & Flutter
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[20] D. Clarke, “Precision Measur
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196 Norms
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