State of the World's Children 2013 - Unicef

The Landmine Monitor identified more than
1,500 child casualties in 1999 and more than
1,600 in 2001.
This includes only the casualties for which the
civilian/security status and the age were known.
Boys accounted for 1,371 of the 2,735 civilian
casualties caused by explosive remnants of war
(ERW) between 2008 and 2010.
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor,
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact
Sheet: Impact of mines/ERW on children
– November 2011, Landmine and Cluster
Munition Monitor, Geneva, p. 2.
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact
Sheet: Impact of mines/ERW on children –
November 2010, pp. 1–3.
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact
Sheet: Landmines and children – March 2010,
pp. 2, 3.
Percentages are of civilian casualties for
which the age was known. Children made
up 30 per cent of casualties from all types
of mines.
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor, ‘The
Issues: Landmines’, Landmine and Cluster
Munition Monitor, Geneva, ,
accessed 31 January 2013.
Walsh, Nicolas E., and Wendy S. Walsh,
‘Rehabilitation of Landmine Victims: The ultimate
challenge’, Bulletin of the World Health
Organization, vol. 81, no. 9, 2003, pp. 665–670.
International Save the Children Alliance, ‘Child
Landmine Survivors: An inclusive approach
to policy and practice’, International Save the
Children Alliance, London, 2000.
Watts, Hugh G., ‘The Consequences for
Children of Explosive Remnants of War: Land
mines, unexploded ordnance, improvised
explosive devices and cluster bombs’, Journal
of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine: An
Interdisciplinary Approach, vol. 2, 2009,
pp. 217–227.
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact
Sheet: Impact of mines/ERW on children –
November 2010, pp. 1–3.
Watts, Hugh G., ‘The Consequences for
Children of Explosive Remnants of War’,
pp. 217–227.
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact
Sheet: Landmines and children – June 2009,
pp. 1–4.
Munoz, Wanda, Ulrike Last and Teng Kimsean,
Good Practices from the Project: Towards sustainable
income generating activities for mine
victim and other persons with disabilities in
Cambodia, Handicap International Federation
(HIC) Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2010.
Child Protection in Crisis (CPC) Network,
Livelihoods and Economic Strengthening Task
Force, The Impacts of Economic Strengthening
Programs on Children: a review of the evidence,
CPC Network, August 2011, pp. ii, 1, 18.
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact
Sheet: Impact of mines/ERW on children –
November 2010, pp. 1–3.
Handicap International, Voices from the
Ground: Landmine and explosive remnants of
war survivors speak out on victim assistance,
Handicap International, Brussels, September
2009, p. 210.
Chapter 6 Measuring child disability
114 United Nations Children’s Fund and the
University of Wisconsin, Monitoring
Child Disability in Developing Countries:
Results from the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys, UNICEF, New York, 2008, p. 9.
115 Mont, Daniel, ‘Measuring Disability
Prevalence’, Social Protection Discussion
Paper No. 0706, The World Bank,
Washington, D.C., March 2007, p. 35;
Maulik, Pallab K., and Gary L. Darmstadt,
‘Childhood Disability in Low- and Middle-
Income Countries: Overview of screening,
prevention, services, legislation, and
epidemiology’, Pediatrics, vol. 120,
Supplement 1, July 2007, p. S21.
116 World Health Organization, Towards a
Common Language for Functioning,
Disability and Health: ICF – The international
classification of functioning, disability
and health, WHO, Geneva, 2002.
117 Msall, Michael E., and Dennis P. Hogan,
‘Counting Children with Disability in Low-
Income Countries: Enhancing prevention,
promoting child development, and investing
in economic well-being’, Pediatrics,
vol. 120, no. 1, July 2007, p. 183.
118 Durkin, Maureen, S., ‘The Epidemiology
of Developmental Disabilities in Low-
Income Countries’, Mental Retardation
and Developmental Disabilities Research
Review, vol. 8, no. 3, 2002, p. 211; United
Nations Children’s Fund and the University
of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in
Developing Countries, p. 8.
119 Lansdown, R. G., et al., ‘Culturally
Appropriate Measures for Monitoring Child
Development at Family and Community
Level: A WHO collaborative study’, Bulletin
of the World Health Organization, vol. 74,
no. 3, 1996, p. 287
120 See appendix 2 of Maulik and Darmstadt,
2007.
121 Robertson, Janet, Chris Hatton and Eric
Emerson, ‘The Identification of Children
with or at Significant Risk of Intellectual
Disabilities in Low and Middle Income
Countries: A review’, CeDR Research
Report, no. 3, Centre for Disability
Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster,
UK, July 2009, p. 22; United Nations
Children’s Fund and the University of
Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in
Developing Countries, pp. 9, 58; Gladstone,
M. J., et al., ‘Can Western Developmental
Screening Tools Be Modified for Use in
a Rural Malawian Setting?’, Archives of
Diseases in Childhood, vol. 93, no. 1,
January 2008, pp. 23–29.
122 Mont, Daniel, ‘Measuring Disability
Prevalence’, p. 35; Washington Group on
Disability Statistics, ‘Understanding and
Interpreting Disability as Measured Using
the WG Short Set of Questions’, 20 April
2009, p. 2.
123 United Nations Children’s Fund and the
University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child
Disability in Developing Countries, p. 8.
124 Durkin, Maureen S., ‘Population-Based
Studies of Childhood Disability in
Developing Countries: Rationale and study
design’, International Journal of Mental
Health, vol. 20, no. 2, 1991, pp. 47–60;
United Nations Children’s Fund and the
University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child
Disability in Developing Countries, p. 8.
125 Durkin, Maureen S., ‘Population-Based
Studies of Childhood Disability in
Developing Countries’, pp. 47–60.
126 Ibid.; United Nations Children’s Fund and the
University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child
Disability in Developing Countries, p. 9.
127 World Health Organization and the United
Nations Economic and Social Commission
for Asia and the Pacific, Training Manual
on Disability Statistics, Bangkok, 2008, pp.
107–108.
128 United Nations Children’s Fund and the
University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child
Disability in Developing Countries, pp.
8–9; Nair, M. K., et al., ‘Developmental
Screening Chart’, Indian Pediatrics, vol. 28,
no. 8, 1991, pp. 869–872.
129 United Nations Children’s Fund and the
University of Wisconsin, Monitoring
Child Disability in Developing Countries,
p. 9; Durkin, Maureen S., ‘Population-
Based Studies of Childhood Disability in
Developing Countries’, pp. 47–60.
130 Robertson, Janet, Chris Hatton and Eric
Emerson, ‘The Identification of Children
with or at Significant Risk of Intellectual
Disabilities in Low and Middle Income
Countries: A review’, p. 20.
FOCUS
Lessons learned
United Nations Children’s Fund and the
University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child
Disability in Developing Countries: Results
from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys,
p. 9; Thorburn Marigold, et al., ‘Identification
of Childhood Disability in Jamaica: The ten
question screen’, International Journal of
Rehabilitation Research, vol. 15, no. 2,
June 1992, pp. 115–127.
United Nations Children’s Fund and the
University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child
Disability in Developing Countries: Results from
the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, p. 9.
Durkin, Maureen S., ‘Population-Based
Studies of Childhood Disability in Developing
Countries’, pp. 47–60; United Nations Children’s
Fund and the University of Wisconsin,
Monitoring Child Disability in Developing
Countries, pp. 9–10.
Zaman, Sultana S., et al., ‘Validity of the ‘Ten
Questions’ for Screening Serious Childhood
Disability: Results from urban Bangladesh’,
International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 19,
no. 3, 1990, p. 613.
Previous UNICEF publications reported that the
number of participating countries was 20. This
number was correct when those publications
were printed, but the final number of countries
that administered the Ten Questions as part of
MICS3 was 25.
United Nations Children’s Fund and University
of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in
Developing Countries, p. 23.
FOCUS
From screening to assessment
Maulik, Pallab K., and Gary L. Darmstadt,
‘Childhood Disability in Low- and Middle-
Income Countries’, July 2007, p. S6; United
Nations Children’s Fund and the University
of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in
Developing Countries, p. 58.
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2013: Children with Disabilities