State of the World's Children 2013 - Unicef

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Fadi, 12, walks past houses destroyed by airstrikes in Rafah, State of Palestine, where ongoing violence has had substantial psychological impact, especially on children. © UNICEF/HQ2012-1583/El Baba
CHAPTER 5 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE Humanitarian crises, such as those stemming from warfare or natural disasters, pose particular risks for children with disabilities. Inclusive humanitarian response is urgently needed – and feasible. Armed conflict and war affect children in direct and indirect ways: directly in the form of physical injuries from attack, artillery fire and landmine explosions or in the form of psychological conditions derived from these injuries or from witnessing traumatic events; indirectly through, for example, the breakdown of health services, which leaves many illnesses untreated, and food insecurity, which leads to malnutrition. 111 Children are also separated from their families, their homes or their schools, sometimes for years. The nature of armed conflict, a major cause of disabilities among children, is changing. Fighting is increasingly taking the form of recurring civil wars and fragmented violence characterized by the indiscriminate use of force and weapons. At the same time, natural disasters are expected to affect increasing numbers of children and adults in coming years, especially in hazardous regions such as low-lying coastal zones, particularly as climate change-related disasters grow in frequency and severity. 112 Children with disabilities face particular challenges in emergencies. They may be unable to escape during a crisis because of inaccessible evacuation routes; for example, a child in a wheelchair may be unable to flee a tsunami or gunfire and may be abandoned by her or his family. They may be dependent on assistive devices or caregivers, and in the face of the loss of a caregiver, may be extremely vulnerable to physical violence or to sexual, emotional and verbal abuse. Children with disabilities may also be made invisible by family and community beliefs – for example, a child with a mental impairment might be kept in the house because of stigma surrounding her or his condition. In addition, children with disabilities may be excluded from or unable to access mainstream support services and assistance programmes such as health services or food distribution because of the physical barriers posed by inaccessible buildings or because of negative attitudes. Or they may be forgotten in the establishment of targeted services. For example, landmine survivors may not be able to access physical rehabilitation services because of distance, the high cost of transport or criteria for admission to treatment programmes. Furthermore, children with disabilities may be disregarded in early warning systems, which often do not take into account the communication and mobility requirements of those with disabilities. Disability-inclusive humanitarian action is informed by and grounded in: • A rights-based approach, based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Article 11 of the CRPD HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE 49
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD Is there a child who does
Page 7 and 8: FOCUS Violence against children wit
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Reports such
Page 11 and 12: Under the Convention on the Rights
Page 13 and 14: People with disabilities are becomi
Page 15 and 16: Education is the key to stopping th
Page 17 and 18: (continued from p. 3) the right to
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION
Page 21 and 22: hierarchy and traditional expectati
Page 23 and 24: to education and health-care servic
Page 25 and 26: An inclusive kindergarten in Nizhny
Page 27 and 28: Assistive technology products Categ
Page 29 and 30: We need to make media more accessib
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3 A STRONG FOUNDATION Good
Page 33 and 34: Early childhood stunting, which is
Page 35 and 36: are particularly important. Develop
Page 37 and 38: the needs of all children. In an in
Page 39 and 40: Look at Hanif and you will see that
Page 41 and 42: terms for 20 schools at a time, wit
Page 43 and 44: epilepsy. The ketogenic diet is an
Page 45 and 46: Reading Braille at a school in Ugan
Page 47 and 48: Saja opened my eyes to my own abili
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIALS OF PROTECTION
Page 51 and 52: Independent States, institutionaliz
Page 53 and 54: Children with disabilities are at g
Page 55: It is much harder to protect childr
Page 59 and 60: Explosive remnants of war (ERW) on
Page 61 and 62: esist, than children without disabi
Page 63 and 64: Since monitoring began in 1999, the
Page 65 and 66: FOCUS (continued) Child casualties
Page 67 and 68: Child casualties by type of explosi
Page 69 and 70: If people with disabilities can’t
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 6 MEASURING CHILD DISABILIT
Page 73 and 74: Mental Development Scale, 120 canno
Page 75 and 76: single set of questions for both gr
Page 77 and 78: FOCUS Lessons learned Since 1995, U
Page 79 and 80: A strategy for intervention on beha
Page 81 and 82: Data can be hard to gather: Indigen
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 7 AN AGENDA FOR ACTION The
Page 85 and 86: discrimination is vital in reducing
Page 87 and 88: I would like to be confident that w
Page 89 and 90: Support families The CRC states tha
Page 91 and 92: Being visually challenged, I’ve h
Page 93 and 94: Six-year-old Nemanja (far left) sit
Page 95 and 96: We [in government] must understand
Page 97 and 98: 33 South African Disability Institu
Page 99 and 100: 106 Mental Disability Rights Intern
Page 101 and 102: Statistical Tables Economic and soc
Page 103 and 104: under-five mortality rate (per 1,00
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 10. THE RATE OF pROGRESS The
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under-five mortality rankings The f
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TABLE 1 BASIC INdICATORS Countries
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TABLE 1 BASIC INdICATORS Countries
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TABLE 2 NuTRITION Countries and are
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TABLE 2 NuTRITION Countries and are
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TABLE 3 HEALTH Countries Use of imp
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Countries Use of improved drinking
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TABLE 4 HIV/AIdS Prevention among y
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TABLE 4 HIV/AIdS Prevention among y
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TABLE 5 education Countries and are
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TABLE 5 EduCATION Countries and are
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TABLE 6 dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORS Coun
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TABLE 6 dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORS Coun
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TABLE 7 ECONOmIC INdICATORS Countri
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TABLE 7 ECONOmIC INdICATORS Countri
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TABLE 8 WOmEN Countries and areas L
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TABLE 8 WOmEN Countries and areas L
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TABLE 9 CHILd pROTECTION Countries
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TABLE 9 CHILd pROTECTION Countries
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TABLE 10 THE RATE OF pROGRESS Count
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TABLE 10 THE RATE OF pROGRESS Count
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TABLE 11 AdOLESCENTS Countries and
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TABLE 11 AdOLESCENTS Countries and
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TABLE 12 disparities by residence C
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TABLE 12 dISpARITIES By RESIdENCE C
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TABLE 13 dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd W
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TABLE 13 dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd W
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TABLE 14 EARLy CHILdHOOd dEVELOpmEN
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