State of the World's Children 2013 - Unicef

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Conventions, optional protocols, signatures and ratifications A note on terms used in this report A Convention is a formal agreement between States parties. The term ‘Convention’ is used (rather than its synonym, ‘treaty’) to denote a multilateral instrument with a large number of States parties, including one open to participation by the international community as a whole and negotiated under the auspices of an international organization. An Optional protocol to a Convention is a legal instrument intended to supplement the original agreement by establishing additional rights or obligations. It may be used to address in greater detail a matter mentioned in the original agreement, to speak to a new concern relevant to any of its topics, or to add procedures for operation or enforcement. Such a protocol is optional in the sense that States parties to a Convention are not automatically bound by its provisions, but must ratify it independently. Thus, a State may be party to a Convention but not to its Optional Protocols. The process by which a State becomes party to a Convention comprises, in most cases, two steps: signature and ratification. By signing a Convention, a State indicates its intention to take steps to examine the Convention and its compatibility with domestic law. A signature does not create a legal obligation to be bound by a Convention’s provisions; however, it does indicate that a State will act in good faith and will not take actions that would undermine the purpose of the Convention. Ratification is the concrete action by which a State agrees to be legally bound by the terms of a Convention. The procedure varies according to each country’s particular legislative structure. After a State has determined that a Convention is consistent with domestic laws and that steps may be taken to comply with its provisions, the appropriate national organ (e.g., a parliament) makes a formal decision to ratify. Once the instrument of ratification – a formal, sealed letter signed by the responsible authority (e.g., a president) – is deposited with the United Nations Secretary-General, the State becomes party to the Convention. In some cases, a state will accede to a Convention or Optional Protocol. Essentially, accession is like ratifying without first having to sign. For further information and more detailed definitions of these and related terms, see . The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is available at . The Optional Protocol is available at . 154 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2013: Children with Disabilities
UNICEF Headquarters UNICEF House 3 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017, USA UNICEF Regional Office for Europe Palais des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland UNICEF Central and Eastern Europe/ Commonwealth of Independent States Regional Office Palais des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office P.O. Box 44145 Nairobi, Kenya 00100 UNICEF Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office P.O. Box 0843-03045 Panama City, Panama UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office P.O. Box 2-154 Bangkok 10200, Thailand UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office P.O. Box 1551 Amman 11821, Jordan UNICEF South Asia Regional Office P.O. Box 5815 Lekhnath Marg Kathmandu, Nepal UNICEF West and Central Africa Regional Office P.O. Box 29720, Yoff Dakar, Senegal
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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FOREWORD Is there a child who does
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FOCUS Violence against children wit
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Reports such
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Under the Convention on the Rights
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People with disabilities are becomi
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Education is the key to stopping th
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(continued from p. 3) the right to
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CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION
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hierarchy and traditional expectati
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to education and health-care servic
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An inclusive kindergarten in Nizhny
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Assistive technology products Categ
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We need to make media more accessib
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CHAPTER 3 A STRONG FOUNDATION Good
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Early childhood stunting, which is
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are particularly important. Develop
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the needs of all children. In an in
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Look at Hanif and you will see that
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terms for 20 schools at a time, wit
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epilepsy. The ketogenic diet is an
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Reading Braille at a school in Ugan
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Saja opened my eyes to my own abili
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CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIALS OF PROTECTION
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Independent States, institutionaliz
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Children with disabilities are at g
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It is much harder to protect childr
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CHAPTER 5 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE Hum
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Explosive remnants of war (ERW) on
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esist, than children without disabi
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Since monitoring began in 1999, the
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FOCUS (continued) Child casualties
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Child casualties by type of explosi
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If people with disabilities can’t
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CHAPTER 6 MEASURING CHILD DISABILIT
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Mental Development Scale, 120 canno
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single set of questions for both gr
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FOCUS Lessons learned Since 1995, U
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A strategy for intervention on beha
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Data can be hard to gather: Indigen
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CHAPTER 7 AN AGENDA FOR ACTION The
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discrimination is vital in reducing
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I would like to be confident that w
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Support families The CRC states tha
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Being visually challenged, I’ve h
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Six-year-old Nemanja (far left) sit
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We [in government] must understand
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33 South African Disability Institu
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106 Mental Disability Rights Intern
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Statistical Tables Economic and soc
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under-five mortality rate (per 1,00
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TABLE 10. THE RATE OF pROGRESS The
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under-five mortality rankings The f
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TABLE 1 BASIC INdICATORS Countries
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Page 113 and 114: TABLE 2 NuTRITION Countries and are
Page 115 and 116: TABLE 2 NuTRITION Countries and are
Page 117 and 118: TABLE 3 HEALTH Countries Use of imp
Page 119 and 120: Countries Use of improved drinking
Page 121 and 122: TABLE 4 HIV/AIdS Prevention among y
Page 123 and 124: TABLE 4 HIV/AIdS Prevention among y
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 5 education Countries and are
Page 127 and 128: TABLE 5 EduCATION Countries and are
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 6 dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORS Coun
Page 131 and 132: TABLE 6 dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORS Coun
Page 133 and 134: TABLE 7 ECONOmIC INdICATORS Countri
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Page 137 and 138: TABLE 8 WOmEN Countries and areas L
Page 139 and 140: TABLE 8 WOmEN Countries and areas L
Page 141 and 142: TABLE 9 CHILd pROTECTION Countries
Page 143 and 144: TABLE 9 CHILd pROTECTION Countries
Page 145 and 146: TABLE 10 THE RATE OF pROGRESS Count
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 10 THE RATE OF pROGRESS Count
Page 149 and 150: TABLE 11 AdOLESCENTS Countries and
Page 151 and 152: TABLE 11 AdOLESCENTS Countries and
Page 153 and 154: TABLE 12 disparities by residence C
Page 155 and 156: TABLE 12 dISpARITIES By RESIdENCE C
Page 157 and 158: TABLE 13 dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd W
Page 159 and 160: TABLE 13 dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd W
Page 161: TABLE 14 EARLy CHILdHOOd dEVELOpmEN
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