State of the World's Children 2013 - Unicef

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function after an impairment is acquired) and recreation should be provided free of charge and be consistent with promoting the fullest possible social integration and individual development of the child, including cultural and spiritual development. Such measures can promote inclusion in society, in the spirit of Article 23 of the CRC, which states that a child with a disability “should enjoy a full and decent life, in conditions which ensure dignity, promote self-reliance and facilitate the child’s active participation in the community.” 23 States parties to the CRPD have obligated themselves to take action to eliminate discrimination against children with disabilities and to make their inclusion in society a priority. Comprehensive national strategies with measurable outcomes will make it more likely for all children to realize their rights. International cooperation and exchange of information and technical assistance – including advances in teaching or community-based approaches to early intervention – could further these aims. Development assistance programmes focusing on children can help by taking into account the needs of children with disabilities and their families, particularly in low-income settings where systems to protect and promote the rights of children with disabilities may be weak. Services for children with disabilities are delivered by a range of government and non-governmental institutions. Appropriate multi-sectoral coordination involving family members would help to avoid gaps in provision and should be attuned to changes in the child’s capacities and needs as she or he grows and experiences life. Community-based rehabilitation Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programmes are designed and run by local communities. CBR seeks to ensure that people with Community-based rehabilitation CBR MATRIX HEALTH EDUCATION LIVELIHOOD SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT PROMOTION EARLY CHILDHOOD SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PERSONAL ASSISTANCE ADVOCACY & COMMUNICATION PREVENTION PRIMARY SELF- EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS MARRIAGE & FAMILY COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION MEDICAL CARE SECONDARY & HIGHER WAGE EMPLOYMENT CULTURE & ARTS POLITICAL PARTICIPATION REHABILITATION ASSISTIVE DEVICES NON-FORMAL LIFELONG LEARNING FINANCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL PROTECTION RECREATION, LEISURE & SPORTS JUSTICE SELF-HELP GROUPS RECREATION, LEISURE & SPORTS Source: World Health Organization. 16 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2013: Children with Disabilities
An inclusive kindergarten in Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation. © UNICEF/RUSS/2011/Kochineva disabilities have equal access to rehabilitation and other services and opportunities – health, education, livelihoods. Developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it is practised in more than 90 countries and represents a move away from the concentration of care in institutions and at the hands of specialists towards community self-reliance, collaboration and ownership in addressing the particular needs of people with disabilities – critically, with their own active participation. 24 CBR can prove effective in addressing multiple deprivations. Children with disabilities who live in rural and indigenous communities contend with multiple disadvantages: They have disabilities, they belong to a marginalized group and they live in remote locations. They have little or no access to services that could ensure their development, protection and participation in community life. 25 An outreach initiative led by the Centre for Research and Post-Secondary Studies in Social Anthropology (CIESAS) in Oaxaca, Mexico, provides an example of CBR for indigenous children with disabilities, their families and community. In collaboration with UNICEF and with financing from the state welfare agency DIF-Oaxaca, CIESAS used CBR to advance the inclusion of children with disabilities in four remote rural communities 26 with large indigenous populations and low Human Development Index scores. Teams – made up of a doctor, a physical or occupational therapist, an educator and two community activists fluent in local indigenous languages – were trained and sent into the communities to conduct workshops on discrimination, inclusion and children’s rights. They promoted the formation of local support networks among the families of children with disabilities and, where appropriate, provided referrals to medical treatment or therapy. During the three-year period 2007–2010, the initiative led to increased FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION 17
Page 1 and 2: THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
Page 3 and 4: THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD Is there a child who does
Page 7 and 8: FOCUS Violence against children wit
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Reports such
Page 11 and 12: Under the Convention on the Rights
Page 13 and 14: People with disabilities are becomi
Page 15 and 16: Education is the key to stopping th
Page 17 and 18: (continued from p. 3) the right to
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION
Page 21 and 22: hierarchy and traditional expectati
Page 23: to education and health-care servic
Page 27 and 28: Assistive technology products Categ
Page 29 and 30: We need to make media more accessib
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3 A STRONG FOUNDATION Good
Page 33 and 34: Early childhood stunting, which is
Page 35 and 36: are particularly important. Develop
Page 37 and 38: the needs of all children. In an in
Page 39 and 40: Look at Hanif and you will see that
Page 41 and 42: terms for 20 schools at a time, wit
Page 43 and 44: epilepsy. The ketogenic diet is an
Page 45 and 46: Reading Braille at a school in Ugan
Page 47 and 48: Saja opened my eyes to my own abili
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIALS OF PROTECTION
Page 51 and 52: Independent States, institutionaliz
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Page 55 and 56: It is much harder to protect childr
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 5 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE Hum
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Page 65 and 66: FOCUS (continued) Child casualties
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single set of questions for both gr
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FOCUS Lessons learned Since 1995, U
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A strategy for intervention on beha
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Data can be hard to gather: Indigen
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CHAPTER 7 AN AGENDA FOR ACTION The
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discrimination is vital in reducing
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I would like to be confident that w
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Support families The CRC states tha
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Being visually challenged, I’ve h
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Six-year-old Nemanja (far left) sit
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We [in government] must understand
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33 South African Disability Institu
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106 Mental Disability Rights Intern
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Statistical Tables Economic and soc
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under-five mortality rate (per 1,00
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TABLE 10. THE RATE OF pROGRESS The
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under-five mortality rankings The f
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TABLE 1 BASIC INdICATORS Countries
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TABLE 1 BASIC INdICATORS Countries
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TABLE 2 NuTRITION Countries and are
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TABLE 2 NuTRITION Countries and are
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TABLE 3 HEALTH Countries Use of imp
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Countries Use of improved drinking
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TABLE 4 HIV/AIdS Prevention among y
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TABLE 4 HIV/AIdS Prevention among y
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TABLE 5 education Countries and are
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TABLE 5 EduCATION Countries and are
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TABLE 6 dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORS Coun
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TABLE 6 dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORS Coun
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TABLE 7 ECONOmIC INdICATORS Countri
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TABLE 7 ECONOmIC INdICATORS Countri
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TABLE 8 WOmEN Countries and areas L
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TABLE 8 WOmEN Countries and areas L
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TABLE 9 CHILd pROTECTION Countries
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TABLE 9 CHILd pROTECTION Countries
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TABLE 10 THE RATE OF pROGRESS Count
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TABLE 10 THE RATE OF pROGRESS Count
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TABLE 11 AdOLESCENTS Countries and
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TABLE 11 AdOLESCENTS Countries and
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TABLE 12 disparities by residence C
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TABLE 12 dISpARITIES By RESIdENCE C
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TABLE 13 dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd W
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TABLE 13 dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd W
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TABLE 14 EARLy CHILdHOOd dEVELOpmEN
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