State of the World's Children 2013 - Unicef

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The Landmine Monitor identified more than 1,500 child casualties in 1999 and more than 1,600 in 2001. This includes only the casualties for which the civilian/security status and the age were known. Boys accounted for 1,371 of the 2,735 civilian casualties caused by explosive remnants of war (ERW) between 2008 and 2010. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor, Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact Sheet: Impact of mines/ERW on children – November 2011, Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor, Geneva, p. 2. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact Sheet: Impact of mines/ERW on children – November 2010, pp. 1–3. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact Sheet: Landmines and children – March 2010, pp. 2, 3. Percentages are of civilian casualties for which the age was known. Children made up 30 per cent of casualties from all types of mines. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor, ‘The Issues: Landmines’, Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor, Geneva, , accessed 31 January 2013. Walsh, Nicolas E., and Wendy S. Walsh, ‘Rehabilitation of Landmine Victims: The ultimate challenge’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 81, no. 9, 2003, pp. 665–670. International Save the Children Alliance, ‘Child Landmine Survivors: An inclusive approach to policy and practice’, International Save the Children Alliance, London, 2000. Watts, Hugh G., ‘The Consequences for Children of Explosive Remnants of War: Land mines, unexploded ordnance, improvised explosive devices and cluster bombs’, Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine: An Interdisciplinary Approach, vol. 2, 2009, pp. 217–227. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact Sheet: Impact of mines/ERW on children – November 2010, pp. 1–3. Watts, Hugh G., ‘The Consequences for Children of Explosive Remnants of War’, pp. 217–227. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact Sheet: Landmines and children – June 2009, pp. 1–4. Munoz, Wanda, Ulrike Last and Teng Kimsean, Good Practices from the Project: Towards sustainable income generating activities for mine victim and other persons with disabilities in Cambodia, Handicap International Federation (HIC) Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2010. Child Protection in Crisis (CPC) Network, Livelihoods and Economic Strengthening Task Force, The Impacts of Economic Strengthening Programs on Children: a review of the evidence, CPC Network, August 2011, pp. ii, 1, 18. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor Fact Sheet: Impact of mines/ERW on children – November 2010, pp. 1–3. Handicap International, Voices from the Ground: Landmine and explosive remnants of war survivors speak out on victim assistance, Handicap International, Brussels, September 2009, p. 210. Chapter 6 Measuring child disability 114 United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries: Results from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, UNICEF, New York, 2008, p. 9. 115 Mont, Daniel, ‘Measuring Disability Prevalence’, Social Protection Discussion Paper No. 0706, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., March 2007, p. 35; Maulik, Pallab K., and Gary L. Darmstadt, ‘Childhood Disability in Low- and Middle- Income Countries: Overview of screening, prevention, services, legislation, and epidemiology’, Pediatrics, vol. 120, Supplement 1, July 2007, p. S21. 116 World Health Organization, Towards a Common Language for Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF – The international classification of functioning, disability and health, WHO, Geneva, 2002. 117 Msall, Michael E., and Dennis P. Hogan, ‘Counting Children with Disability in Low- Income Countries: Enhancing prevention, promoting child development, and investing in economic well-being’, Pediatrics, vol. 120, no. 1, July 2007, p. 183. 118 Durkin, Maureen, S., ‘The Epidemiology of Developmental Disabilities in Low- Income Countries’, Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review, vol. 8, no. 3, 2002, p. 211; United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, p. 8. 119 Lansdown, R. G., et al., ‘Culturally Appropriate Measures for Monitoring Child Development at Family and Community Level: A WHO collaborative study’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 74, no. 3, 1996, p. 287 120 See appendix 2 of Maulik and Darmstadt, 2007. 121 Robertson, Janet, Chris Hatton and Eric Emerson, ‘The Identification of Children with or at Significant Risk of Intellectual Disabilities in Low and Middle Income Countries: A review’, CeDR Research Report, no. 3, Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK, July 2009, p. 22; United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, pp. 9, 58; Gladstone, M. J., et al., ‘Can Western Developmental Screening Tools Be Modified for Use in a Rural Malawian Setting?’, Archives of Diseases in Childhood, vol. 93, no. 1, January 2008, pp. 23–29. 122 Mont, Daniel, ‘Measuring Disability Prevalence’, p. 35; Washington Group on Disability Statistics, ‘Understanding and Interpreting Disability as Measured Using the WG Short Set of Questions’, 20 April 2009, p. 2. 123 United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, p. 8. 124 Durkin, Maureen S., ‘Population-Based Studies of Childhood Disability in Developing Countries: Rationale and study design’, International Journal of Mental Health, vol. 20, no. 2, 1991, pp. 47–60; United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, p. 8. 125 Durkin, Maureen S., ‘Population-Based Studies of Childhood Disability in Developing Countries’, pp. 47–60. 126 Ibid.; United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, p. 9. 127 World Health Organization and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Training Manual on Disability Statistics, Bangkok, 2008, pp. 107–108. 128 United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, pp. 8–9; Nair, M. K., et al., ‘Developmental Screening Chart’, Indian Pediatrics, vol. 28, no. 8, 1991, pp. 869–872. 129 United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, p. 9; Durkin, Maureen S., ‘Population- Based Studies of Childhood Disability in Developing Countries’, pp. 47–60. 130 Robertson, Janet, Chris Hatton and Eric Emerson, ‘The Identification of Children with or at Significant Risk of Intellectual Disabilities in Low and Middle Income Countries: A review’, p. 20. FOCUS Lessons learned United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries: Results from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, p. 9; Thorburn Marigold, et al., ‘Identification of Childhood Disability in Jamaica: The ten question screen’, International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, vol. 15, no. 2, June 1992, pp. 115–127. United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries: Results from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, p. 9. Durkin, Maureen S., ‘Population-Based Studies of Childhood Disability in Developing Countries’, pp. 47–60; United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, pp. 9–10. Zaman, Sultana S., et al., ‘Validity of the ‘Ten Questions’ for Screening Serious Childhood Disability: Results from urban Bangladesh’, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 19, no. 3, 1990, p. 613. Previous UNICEF publications reported that the number of participating countries was 20. This number was correct when those publications were printed, but the final number of countries that administered the Ten Questions as part of MICS3 was 25. United Nations Children’s Fund and University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, p. 23. FOCUS From screening to assessment Maulik, Pallab K., and Gary L. Darmstadt, ‘Childhood Disability in Low- and Middle- Income Countries’, July 2007, p. S6; United Nations Children’s Fund and the University of Wisconsin, Monitoring Child Disability in Developing Countries, p. 58. 92 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2013: Children with Disabilities
Statistical Tables Economic and social statistics on the countries and areas of the world, with particular reference to children’s well-being. Overview ..............................................................................................94 General note on the data ....................................................................94 Child mortality estimates ....................................................................94 Notes on specific tables ......................................................................95 Explanation of symbols .......................................................................98 Regional classification .........................................................................98 Under-five mortality rankings .............................................................99 TABLES 1 Basic indicators ...........................................................................100 2 Nutrition .......................................................................................104 3 Health ...........................................................................................108 4 HIV/AIDS ......................................................................................112 5 Education .....................................................................................116 6 Demographic indicators .............................................................120 7 Economic indicators ...................................................................124 8 Women .........................................................................................128 9 Child protection ...........................................................................132 10 The rate of progress ....................................................................136 11 Adolescents .................................................................................140 12 Disparities by residence .............................................................144 13 Disparities by household wealth ...............................................148 14 Early childhood development ....................................................152 STATISTICAL TABLES 93
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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FOREWORD Is there a child who does
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FOCUS Violence against children wit
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Reports such
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Under the Convention on the Rights
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People with disabilities are becomi
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Education is the key to stopping th
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(continued from p. 3) the right to
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CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION
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hierarchy and traditional expectati
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to education and health-care servic
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An inclusive kindergarten in Nizhny
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Assistive technology products Categ
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We need to make media more accessib
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CHAPTER 3 A STRONG FOUNDATION Good
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Early childhood stunting, which is
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are particularly important. Develop
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the needs of all children. In an in
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Look at Hanif and you will see that
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terms for 20 schools at a time, wit
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epilepsy. The ketogenic diet is an
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Reading Braille at a school in Ugan
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Saja opened my eyes to my own abili
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIALS OF PROTECTION
Page 51 and 52: Independent States, institutionaliz
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Page 65 and 66: FOCUS (continued) Child casualties
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Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 6 MEASURING CHILD DISABILIT
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Page 75 and 76: single set of questions for both gr
Page 77 and 78: FOCUS Lessons learned Since 1995, U
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Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 7 AN AGENDA FOR ACTION The
Page 85 and 86: discrimination is vital in reducing
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Page 89 and 90: Support families The CRC states tha
Page 91 and 92: Being visually challenged, I’ve h
Page 93 and 94: Six-year-old Nemanja (far left) sit
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Page 109 and 110: TABLE 1 BASIC INdICATORS Countries
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Page 113 and 114: TABLE 2 NuTRITION Countries and are
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Page 117 and 118: TABLE 3 HEALTH Countries Use of imp
Page 119 and 120: Countries Use of improved drinking
Page 121 and 122: TABLE 4 HIV/AIdS Prevention among y
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Page 125 and 126: TABLE 5 education Countries and are
Page 127 and 128: TABLE 5 EduCATION Countries and are
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 6 dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORS Coun
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Page 133 and 134: TABLE 7 ECONOmIC INdICATORS Countri
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Page 137 and 138: TABLE 8 WOmEN Countries and areas L
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Page 141 and 142: TABLE 9 CHILd pROTECTION Countries
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Page 145 and 146: TABLE 10 THE RATE OF pROGRESS Count
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TABLE 11 AdOLESCENTS Countries and
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TABLE 12 disparities by residence C
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TABLE 12 dISpARITIES By RESIdENCE C
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TABLE 13 dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd W
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TABLE 13 dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd W
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TABLE 14 EARLy CHILdHOOd dEVELOpmEN
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