State of the World's Children 2013 - Unicef
State of the World's Children 2013 - Unicef
State of the World's Children 2013 - Unicef
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STATISTICAL TABLES<br />
Water and sanitation: The drinking water and sanitation<br />
coverage estimates in this report come from <strong>the</strong><br />
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water<br />
Supply and Sanitation (JMP). These are <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial United<br />
Nations estimates for measuring progress towards <strong>the</strong> MDG<br />
target for drinking water and sanitation. Full details <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
JMP methodology can be found at <br />
and . As <strong>the</strong> JMP estimates use linear<br />
regression applied to data from all available household<br />
sample surveys and censuses, and additional data become<br />
available between each issue <strong>of</strong> estimates, subsequent<br />
JMP estimates should not be compared.<br />
Immunization: This report presents WHO and UNICEF<br />
estimates <strong>of</strong> national immunization coverage. These are<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficial United Nations estimates for measuring progress<br />
towards <strong>the</strong> MDG indicator for measles-containing<br />
vaccine coverage. Since 2000, <strong>the</strong> estimates are updated<br />
once annually in July, following a consultation process<br />
wherein countries are provided draft reports for review<br />
and comment. As <strong>the</strong> system incorporates new empirical<br />
data, each annual revision supersedes prior data releases,<br />
and coverage levels from earlier revisions are not<br />
comparable. A more detailed explanation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> process<br />
can be found at .<br />
Regional averages for <strong>the</strong> six reported antigens are computed<br />
as follows:<br />
• For BCG, regional averages include only those countries<br />
where BCG is included in <strong>the</strong> national routine immunization<br />
schedule.<br />
• For DPT, polio, measles, HepB and Hib vaccines, regional<br />
averages include all countries.<br />
• For protection at birth (PAB) from tetanus, regional averages<br />
include only <strong>the</strong> countries where maternal and neonatal<br />
tetanus is endemic.<br />
TABLE 4. HIV/AIdS<br />
In 2012, <strong>the</strong> Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS<br />
(UNAIDS) released new global, regional and country level<br />
HIV and AIDS estimates for 2011 that reflect key changes in<br />
WHO HIV treatment guidelines for adults and children and<br />
for prevention <strong>of</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r-to-child transmission <strong>of</strong> HIV as well<br />
as improvements in assumptions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> probability <strong>of</strong> HIV<br />
transmission from mo<strong>the</strong>r to child and net survival rates for<br />
infected children. In addition, <strong>the</strong>re are also more reliable<br />
data available from population-based surveys, expanded<br />
national sentinel surveillance systems and programme service<br />
statistics in a number <strong>of</strong> countries. Based on <strong>the</strong> refined<br />
methodology, UNAIDS has retrospectively generated new<br />
estimates <strong>of</strong> HIV prevalence, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> people living<br />
with HIV and those needing treatment, AIDS-related deaths,<br />
new HIV infections and <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> children whose parents<br />
have died due to all causes including AIDS for past<br />
years. Only new estimates should be used for trend analysis.<br />
The new HIV and AIDS estimates included in this table will<br />
also be published in <strong>the</strong> forthcoming UNAIDS Global AIDS<br />
Report, 2012.<br />
Overall, <strong>the</strong> global and regional figures published in The<br />
<strong>State</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World’s <strong>Children</strong> <strong>2013</strong> are not comparable to estimates<br />
previously published. More information on HIV and<br />
AIDS estimates, methodology and updates can be found at<br />
.<br />
TABLE 8. WOmEN<br />
Maternal mortality ratio (adjusted): The table presents <strong>the</strong><br />
‘adjusted’ maternal mortality ratios for <strong>the</strong> year 2010, as<br />
produced by <strong>the</strong> Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency<br />
Group (MMEIG), composed <strong>of</strong> WHO, UNICEF, <strong>the</strong> United<br />
Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and <strong>the</strong> World Bank, toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />
with independent technical experts. To derive <strong>the</strong>se<br />
estimates, <strong>the</strong> inter-agency group used a dual approach:<br />
making adjustments to correct misclassification and underreporting<br />
in existing estimates <strong>of</strong> maternal mortality from<br />
civil registration systems, and using a model to generate<br />
estimates for countries without reliable national-level estimates<br />
<strong>of</strong> maternal mortality. These ‘adjusted’ estimates<br />
should not be compared to previous inter-agency estimates.<br />
The full report – with complete country and regional estimates<br />
for <strong>the</strong> years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010, as<br />
well as details on <strong>the</strong> methodology – can be found at<br />
.<br />
TABLE 9. CHILd pROTECTION<br />
Violent discipline: Estimates used in UNICEF publications<br />
and in MICS country reports prior to 2010 were calculated<br />
using household weights that did not take into account <strong>the</strong><br />
last-stage selection <strong>of</strong> children for <strong>the</strong> administration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
child discipline module in MICS surveys. (A random selection<br />
<strong>of</strong> one child aged 2–14 is undertaken for <strong>the</strong> administration<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> child discipline module.) In January 2010, it<br />
was decided that more accurate estimates are produced by<br />
using a household weight that takes <strong>the</strong> last-stage selection<br />
into account. MICS 3 data were recalculated using this<br />
approach. All UNICEF publications produced after 2010,<br />
including The <strong>State</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World’s <strong>Children</strong> <strong>2013</strong>, use <strong>the</strong><br />
revised estimates.<br />
Child labour: New data from <strong>the</strong> fourth round <strong>of</strong> MICS<br />
(MICS4, 2009–2012) included in <strong>the</strong> table have been recalculated<br />
according to <strong>the</strong> indicator definition used in MICS3<br />
surveys, to ensure cross-country comparability. In this<br />
definition, <strong>the</strong> activities <strong>of</strong> fetching water or collecting firewood<br />
are classified as household chores ra<strong>the</strong>r than as an<br />
economic activity. Under this approach, a child between <strong>the</strong><br />
ages <strong>of</strong> 5–14 years old would have to be engaged in fetching<br />
water or collecting firewood for at least 28 hours per<br />
week to be considered as a child labourer.<br />
96<br />
THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN <strong>2013</strong>: <strong>Children</strong> with Disabilities