Community guidelines for accessing forestry voluntary carbon ... - FAO

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Chapter 2: VCM project types and standards 2.2.4 Keep livestock out of the forest In many rural areas of the Asia-Pacific region, livestock such as cattle, goats and buffalo graze in natural forests. Their favorite food includes the seedlings of forest tree species and those seedlings that they do not eat are often trampled. Uncontrolled grazing can lead to serious damage to forests because too few seedlings survive to replace mature or harvested trees. Forest managers can therefore contribute to climate change mitigation by keeping grazing livestock out of natural forest areas, particularly from areas where there is abundant natural regeneration. This can be achieved by promoting stall feeding systems for livestock and by cultivating fodder, grass and tree species on farmland. 2.2.5 Create more forests When people think of the link between forests and climate change, creating more forests is often the first thing that comes to mind. Planting trees on bare land certainly does help mitigate climate change by creating new sinks and increasing carbon stocks. Planting trees on areas that were once forests, but were cleared many years ago, does the same thing. In some cases, the forest may be naturally regenerating already. This makes it easier to achieve the goal of increased carbon stocks – all forest managers have to do is to assist this process by, for instance, keeping cattle out or creating gaps in vegetation to promote the growth of desirable species, and allow the forest to grow. 2.2.6 Plant different species Planting the same tree species across large areas (monoculture plantations) often makes short-term economic sense but carries longterm environmental (and hence, economic) risks. If a monoculture 37
Community guidelines for accessing forestry voluntary carbon markets forest plantation is affected by disease or pests, the whole plantation may be lost. So, using a mixture of species contributes to climate change mitigation by guarding against large-scale GHG emissions from diseased plantations. Using local species, instead of exotic or alien varieties, will have the same effect; it will strengthen the health and the resilience of the forest. Mixtures of species also help in climate change adaptation by supporting a greater variety of other plants and wildlife (biodiversity) and by ensuring a more constant forest cover due to each species’ different harvesting cycle. Creating diversity in forest structure 2.2.7 Plant and protect vulnerable places In areas with steep slopes, poor soils or narrow river banks, it is often not possible to get any financial benefits from forest management. These kinds of areas are too expensive or difficult to manage, and yield too little financial returns, and are therefore often cleared or neglected. However, forests in such areas are very important for controlling soil erosion, water quality and for maintaining local livelihoods and wildlife, all of which are important to climate change adaptation and sustaining livelihoods. By protecting or establishing forests in these areas, managers also maintain carbon stocks and contribute to climate change mitigation. 38
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RAP PUBLICATION 2012/16 Community g
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Foreword The impacts of climate cha
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Table of Contents Foreword iii Acro
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ANNEXES 171
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ANNEX I Part 1: Project description
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ANNEX I Describe the current and al
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ANNEX I Project Proponent(s) Name o
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ANNEX I Current status of acceptanc
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ANNEX I Baseline scenario What woul
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ANNEX I poverty alleviation, foreig
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ANNEX I Grants Give name of the org
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ANNEX I Part 4: Institutional detai
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ANNEX I Incentive systems List exis
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ANNEX II Annex II: VCS PD template
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ANNEX III Annex III: Example outlin
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ANNEX III 3.4.5. Non-timber forest
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ISBN 978-92-5-107322-3 9 7 8 9 2 5
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