1961 US Commission on Civil Rights Report Book 2 - University of ...

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Notes: Education, Chapter 3—Continued Dallas initiates its court-ordered grade-a-year desegregation plan. Dallas Morning News, June 18, <strong>1961</strong>, p. i. These provisions will undoubtedly limit the number of Negro pupils eligible to attend a formerly white school. 26. Nashville Transcript 153. 27. Kelley v. Board of Education of the City of Nashville, 270 F. 2d 209 (6th Cir. 1959). 28. Ibid. 29. Id. at 229. 30. So. School News, Oct. 1960, p. 5. 31. Goss v. Board of Education of the City of Knoxville, 186 F. Supp. 559 (E.D. Tenn. 1960). 32. Maxwell v. County Board of Education of Davidson County, Civ. No. 2956, M.D. Tenn., Nov. 23, 1960, 5 Race Rel. L. Rep. 1040 (1960). 33. Mapp v. Board of Educaton of the City of Chattanooga, Civ. No. 3564, E.D. Tenn., Oct. 21, 1960, 5 Race Rel. L. Rep. 1035 (1960). 34. See Williamsburg Transcript 111. 35. Borders v. Rippy, supra, note 16. 36. Boson v. Rippy, supra, note 17 at 46. 37. Kelley v. Board of Education of the City of Nashville, 361 U.S. 924 (1960). 38. Boson v. Rippy, supra, note 17, at 48. 39. Ala. Acts 1955, Vol. i, No. 201, p. 492; Ark. Acts 1959, Vol. 2, No. 461, p. 1827; Fla. Laws 2d Ex. Sess. 1956, ch. 31380, p. 30; Ga. Laws <strong>1961</strong>, H. Res. No. 225; La. Acts 1958, Act No. 259, p. 856; Miss. Acts 1960, S. Bill Nos. 2010, 1900; N.C. Laws Ex. Sess. 1956, ch. 7, p. 14; S.C. Acts 1955, No. 55, p. 83; Tenn. Acts 1957, ch. 13, p. 40; Tex. Acts 1957, cn - 2^7? p. 683; Va. Acts Ex. Sess. 1956, ch. 70, p. 74, as amended by Va. Acts 1958, ch. 500, p. 638, as amended by Va. Acts Ex. Sess. 1959, ch. 71, p. 165. 40. Id., N.C. Laws. 41. Id., Ala. Acts. 42. Id., Va. Acts. 43. Arlington County, Falls Church, Fairfax County and Newport News. See ch. 4 at 62, infra. 44. Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham Board of Education, 162 F. Supp. 372 (N.D. Ala., 1958); aff'd, 358 U.S. 101 (1958). See ch. 2 at 8-9, supra. 45. Plaintiffs could sue on behalf of themselves and all others similarily situated. 190
Notes: Education, Chapter 3-—Continued 46. Carson v. Warlick, 238 F. 2d 724 (4th Cir. 1956), Covington v. Edwards, 264 F. 2d 780 (4th Cir. 1959); Holt v. Raleigh City Board of Education, 265 F. 2d 95 (4th Cir. 1959). 47. 272 F. 2d 763 (5th Cir. 1959). 48. Id. at 766. 49. 176 F. Supp. 242 (E.D. Ark. 1951). 50. Dove v. Parham, 271 F. 2d 132, 139 (8th Cir. 1959). 51. Id. at 140. 52. 277 F.2d 370 (5th Cir. 1960). 53. Id. at 375. 54. Virginia Pupil Placement Act, supra, note 39. 55. 185 F. Supp. 459 (E.D. Va. 1959). 56. Civ. No. 8238,4th Cir., Apr. 14, <strong>1961</strong>. 57. Ibid. 58. Civ. No. 16, 586, 8th Cir., Mar. 2, <strong>1961</strong>. 59. See supra, note 39. 60. Norwood v. Tucker, supra, note 58. 61. Ibid. 62. Ibid. 63. Wheeler v. Durham City Board of Education, Civ. No. C~54~ D-6o, and Spaulding v. Durham City Board of Education, Civ. No. C-i i6-D-6o, M.D.N.C., July 20,<strong>1961</strong>. 64. 137 F. Supp. 776 (E.D. S.C. 1955). 65. 144 F. Supp. 239 (E.D. Va. 1956). 66. See note 63, supra. 67. Ibid. 68. Ibid. 68a. The school board met in three closed sessions to reconsider the requests and approved less than 10 Negro pupils for reassignment to formerly white schools. Durham (N.C.) Morning Herald, Aug. 9, <strong>1961</strong>, p. iB. 69. i86F. Supp. 511 (W.D. N.C. 1960). 70. Id. at 518. 71. Dodson v. School Board of the City of Charlottesville, supra, note 56. 72. Civ. No. 3931, W.D. Tenn., Apr. 14,<strong>1961</strong>. 73. Ibid. 74. E.g., Hamm v. County School Board of Arlington County, 264 F. 2d 945 (4th Cir. 1959). See also Beckett v. School Board of Norfolk, supra, note 55. 75. E.g., Thompson v. County School Board of Arlington Civ. No. 1341, E.D. Va., July 25, 1959, 4 Race Rel. L. Rep. 609, 610 (I959)- 191
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1961 United States
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KF 4755 .A822 1961
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Page CHAPTER 4. DESEGREGATION IN TH
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Page Summary 135 CHAPTER 9. SOUTHER
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General Contents: Books 1-5 Book I:
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Foreword The United States
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Inaction of government officials ha
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pan iv. Education 1. Introduction O
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equire or permit segregation by rac
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for the two races. 8 After the clea
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district court might conclude after
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1. State-imposed racial segregation
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grants, for example? If so, what pr
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If initial assignments by race subj
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As the Court put it in Boiling v. S
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seems to arise. The cost of public
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children of the same family to atte
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The Fifth Circuit appears to be on
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to exhaust administrative remedies
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students wishing to do so could reg
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In Northcross v. Board of Education
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standards, was rejected on "attitud
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Curriculum disparities as between w
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to be approved or disapproved by a
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their schools, as required by law."
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4. Desegregation in the South By Ma
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enrollment. In September 1960, Air
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the school year. 88 While the numbe
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hand, they were openly—this time
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Maryland All of the 23 school distr
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tion. 80 One Negro pupil was assign
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The North Carolina Advisory Committ
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eligible Negro students quietly ent
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white counterparts. Their overall a
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Fairfax County, which has a very sm
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Our dual system of schools is the b
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having only a few Negro pupils have
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The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of
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to maintain segregated schools for
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and authorized school boards to pro
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desegregated schools. 86 This legis
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and New Orleans—was under court o
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It had become clear that New Orlean
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South Carolina Statutes enacted dur
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6. The Threat to Education ... no i
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act, and a 1959 amendment withholdi
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ther to close other schools in any
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given authority to call an election
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from certain schools was voided by
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funds were available. The school bo
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The financing of these private scho
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and other forms of governmental par
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should be kept in mind when we spea
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public schools because of tuition g
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7. Segregation North and West At le
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y school authorities. All these pow
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easonable, and educationally sound.
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classes and school, attend the scho
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choice is between two schools havin
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thorough elimination of segregation
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INFERIORITY OF THE SCHOOL From 1896
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Having put the power of assignment
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suit in serious disparities in staf
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sponsored; others are private, volu
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same students had made the previous
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sional techniques involved in purpo
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Another approach is to improve his
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January January 1958 1961</
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IQ scores of 108, 128, 99, and 125
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1. The gains in reading comprehensi
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Inservice programs to upgrade teach
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serves. Thus, Oak Park and Carver p
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sponsored. An exception is the tuto
Page 155 and 156: 9. Southern Libraries Sixteen years
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Page 165 and 166: 10. Role of the Executive Branch Ea
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Page 169 and 170: gate and report his findings. On th
Page 171 and 172: THE LOUISIANA CASES An Interpositio
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Page 175 and 176: As to the contention that the Unite
Page 177 and 178: At the hearing at which the court r
Page 179 and 180: Appropriate action to vindicate the
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Page 183 and 184: 11. The Colleges In January <strong
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Page 187 and 188: In May 1961 a Negr
Page 189 and 190: 12. Conclusions The Nation's progre
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Page 193 and 194: have made some start towards compli
Page 195 and 196: Need for Federal protection 17. The
Page 197 and 198: of equal protection in public schoo
Page 199 and 200: tended, to serve as a clearinghouse
Page 201: the number and ethnic classificatio
Page 204 and 205: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 2 1. Brow
Page 208 and 209: Notes: Education, Chapter 3—Conti
Page 212 and 213: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 4 1. Cf.
Page 234 and 235: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 7 1. See
Page 246 and 247: Notes: Education, Chapter 10—Cont
Page 248 and 249: Notes: Education, Chapter 10—Cont
Page 250 and 251: Notes: Education, Chapter u—Conti
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Page 254 and 255: TABLE 2.—Status of segregation-de
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240
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EXHIBIT i Bureau of the Budget No.
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(3) Fill in blanks under columns th
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GARDINER, "National Library Week—
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U.S. Commission on
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LIST OF CASES CITED—Continued Pag
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LIST OF GASES CITED—Continued In
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LIST OF GASES CITED—Continued Pag
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