1961 US Commission on Civil Rights Report Book 2 - University of ...

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TABLE 2.—Status of segregation-desegregation, 1960-61, in ij States and District of Columbia Negroes Negro enrolled 2 in desegregated percent of en- Enrollment l schools rollment Total White Negro Alabama 787,269 516,135 271,134 o o. o Arkansas 422,183 3*7, °53 IO 5> ^3° I: 3 - 1 Delaware 81,603 66,630 14,973 6 > 7 8 3 45-3 District of Columbia 121,448 24,697 96,751 81,392 84.1 Florida 1,019,792 807,512 212,280 3 27 .01 Georgia 921,632 626,377 295,255 o .o Kentucky 635,432 593,494 4 I »938 16,329 38.9 Louisiana 693,202 422,181 271,021 4 i ( 7 ) Maryland 598, 088 461, 206 136, 882 6 45, 943 33. 6 Mississippi 566,421 287, 781 278,640 o . o Missouri 842, ooo 758, ooo 84, ooo 35, ooo 41. 7 North Carolina.... i, 140, ooo 832,200 307,800 82 .02 Oklahoma 545, ooo 504, 125 40, 875 6 9, 806 24. o South Carolina.... 612,894 354,227 258,667 o .o Tennessee 828, ooo 675,648 152,352 376 .2 Texas 2,129,540 1,840,987 288,553 3,500 1.2 Virginia 879,500 668,500 211, ooo 208 .09 West Virginia 437,656 416,646 21, oio 14, ooo 66.6 1 Source: Figures from So. School News, June <strong>1961</strong>, p. i. 2 Id., unless otherwise indicated. 3 So. School News, October 1960, p. 8, March <strong>1961</strong>, at p. 14. See also ch. 4, at 41 supra. 4 Although 4 Negro pupils attended formerly white schools, only i school had white pupils attending with i Negro pupil. 8 Baltimore figures from Gatlinburg Transcript. Figures for remainder of State from Report of Maryland State Department of Education, Division of Administration, Finance and Research, February 1960, revised February <strong>1961</strong>. 8 Questionnaire of Oklahoma State Department of Education. 7 The 1 Negro pupil in the total did not reflect any percentage. 238
TABLE 3.—Financing of Prince Edward Foundation, 1960-61 * Elementary Perschool cent High school Percent Total Percent Enrollment 901 100 475 100 i, 376 100 Pupils receiving tuition grants 856 95 469 98. 7 i, 325 96.3 Pupils not receiving tuition grants... 45 5 6 i. 3 51 3. 7 Fee charged per student $240 . . . $265 Tuition grant per student 225 . . . 250 Not covered by grant 15 ... 15 Total charges... $216,240 ... $125,875 $342,115 100 Total tuition grants.... $192,600 ... $117,250 $309,850 90.6 Not covered by grants 23,640 ... 8,625 32, 265 9.4 Private contributions to foundation credited against county taxes 2 $56,866.22 1 Source: Williamsburg Transcript 101. 2 The Foundation president testified that "for deserving and needy students, a scholarship fund has been set up from contributions made by individuals for this purpose." This amount would seem to cover the portion of tuition not paid by the grants. 239
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1961 United States
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KF 4755 .A822 1961
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Page CHAPTER 4. DESEGREGATION IN TH
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Page Summary 135 CHAPTER 9. SOUTHER
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General Contents: Books 1-5 Book I:
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Foreword The United States
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Inaction of government officials ha
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pan iv. Education 1. Introduction O
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equire or permit segregation by rac
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for the two races. 8 After the clea
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district court might conclude after
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1. State-imposed racial segregation
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grants, for example? If so, what pr
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If initial assignments by race subj
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As the Court put it in Boiling v. S
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seems to arise. The cost of public
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children of the same family to atte
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The Fifth Circuit appears to be on
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to exhaust administrative remedies
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students wishing to do so could reg
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In Northcross v. Board of Education
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standards, was rejected on "attitud
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Curriculum disparities as between w
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to be approved or disapproved by a
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their schools, as required by law."
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4. Desegregation in the South By Ma
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enrollment. In September 1960, Air
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the school year. 88 While the numbe
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hand, they were openly—this time
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Maryland All of the 23 school distr
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tion. 80 One Negro pupil was assign
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The North Carolina Advisory Committ
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eligible Negro students quietly ent
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white counterparts. Their overall a
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Fairfax County, which has a very sm
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Our dual system of schools is the b
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having only a few Negro pupils have
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The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of
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to maintain segregated schools for
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and authorized school boards to pro
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desegregated schools. 86 This legis
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and New Orleans—was under court o
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It had become clear that New Orlean
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South Carolina Statutes enacted dur
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6. The Threat to Education ... no i
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act, and a 1959 amendment withholdi
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ther to close other schools in any
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given authority to call an election
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from certain schools was voided by
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funds were available. The school bo
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The financing of these private scho
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and other forms of governmental par
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should be kept in mind when we spea
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public schools because of tuition g
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7. Segregation North and West At le
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y school authorities. All these pow
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easonable, and educationally sound.
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classes and school, attend the scho
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choice is between two schools havin
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thorough elimination of segregation
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INFERIORITY OF THE SCHOOL From 1896
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Having put the power of assignment
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suit in serious disparities in staf
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sponsored; others are private, volu
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same students had made the previous
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sional techniques involved in purpo
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Another approach is to improve his
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January January 1958 1961</
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IQ scores of 108, 128, 99, and 125
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1. The gains in reading comprehensi
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Inservice programs to upgrade teach
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serves. Thus, Oak Park and Carver p
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sponsored. An exception is the tuto
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9. Southern Libraries Sixteen years
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council adopted an ordinance restri
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three Negro students from Virginia
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conduct of public library services.
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Act program, the Southern States re
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10. Role of the Executive Branch Ea
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or to submit plans to accomplish de
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gate and report his findings. On th
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THE LOUISIANA CASES An Interpositio
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circumvented would subvert our cons
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As to the contention that the Unite
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At the hearing at which the court r
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Appropriate action to vindicate the
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the formulation of a desegregation
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11. The Colleges In January <strong
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applicants seeking admission to sai
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In May 1961 a Negr
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12. Conclusions The Nation's progre
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schools provide elementary school i
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have made some start towards compli
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Need for Federal protection 17. The
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of equal protection in public schoo
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tended, to serve as a clearinghouse
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the number and ethnic classificatio
Page 204 and 205: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 2 1. Brow
Page 206 and 207: Notes: Education, Chapter 3—Conti
Page 212 and 213: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 4 1. Cf.
Page 234 and 235: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 7 1. See
Page 246 and 247: Notes: Education, Chapter 10—Cont
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Page 250 and 251: Notes: Education, Chapter u—Conti
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Page 258 and 259: EXHIBIT i Bureau of the Budget No.
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Page 264 and 265: U.S. Commission on
Page 266 and 267: LIST OF CASES CITED—Continued Pag
Page 268 and 269: LIST OF GASES CITED—Continued In
Page 270: LIST OF GASES CITED—Continued Pag
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