1961 US Commission on Civil Rights Report Book 2 - University of ...

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Notes: Education, Chapter 5—Continued 21. Fla. Acts 1959, ch. 59-113, p. 209. 22. Fla. Acts 1959, ch. 59-138, p. 266. 23. Fla. Acts 1959, ch. 59-428, p. 1455. 24. Fla. Acts 1959, ch. 59-471, p. 1599. 25. Fla. Acts 1959, ch. 59-412, p. 1402. 26. Ark. Acts 1959, No. 46, p. 164. 27. Ark. Acts 1959, No. 55, p. 173. 28. Ark. Acts 1959, No. 151, p. 936. 29. Ark. Acts 1959, No. 236, p. 1197. 30. Ark.Acts 1959,No. 461, p. 1827. 31. So. School News, Dec. 1960, p. 11. 32. Ga. Laws 1959, Vol. i, No. 7,p. 15. 33. Ga. Laws 1959, Vol. i, No. 3, p. 7. 34. Ga. Laws 1959, Vol. i, No. 382, p. 350. 35. Ga. Laws 1959, Vol. i, No. 2,p. 5. 36. Ga. Laws 1959, Vol. i,No. 212, p. 157. 37. Hartsfield, "The Role of Public Officials III," 34 Notre Dame Law. 620(1959). 38. Miss. Laws 1960, ch. 316, p. 462. 39. Miss. Laws 1960, ch. 314, p. 461; Miss. Laws 1960, ch. 315^.461. 40. Miss. Laws 1960, ch. 215^.329. 41. Miss. Laws 1960, ch. 319, p. 470. 42. Miss. Laws 1960, ch. 547, p. 879. 43. So. School News, Dec. 1960, p. 4. 44. S.C. Acts 1960, No. 802, p. 1779, 1889. 45. (Charleston, S.C.) News and Courier, May 30, 1960, p. 8A. 46. Ibid.; So. School News, June 1960, p. 10. 47. See ch. 6, pp. 91-92, infra. 48. Va. Acts 1960, ch. 461, p. 721. 49. Va. Acts 1960, ch. 191, p. 202. 50. Va. Acts 1960, ch. 448, p. 703. 51. Calhoun v. Latimer, Civ. No. 6298, N.D. Ga., June 16, 1959, 4 Race Rel. L. Rep. 576 (1959); Bush v. Orleans Parish School Board, Civ. No. 3630, E.D. La., July 15, 1959, 4 Race Rel. L. Rep. 581 (1959). 52. Committee on Schools of the General Assembly of Georgia, Report of Majority, 5 Race Rel. L. Rep. 509, 511(1960). 53. Id. at 514. [All italicized in original.] 54. Bush v. Orleans Parish School Board, Civ. No. 3630, E.D. La., May 16, 1960, 5 Race Rel. L. Rep. 378 (1960). 55. Subcommittee on Education, Report of the Louisiana State Advisory Committee, The New Orleans School Crisis (<strong>1961</strong>). 56. La. Acts 1960, No. 492, p. 939. 206
Notes: Education, Chapter 5—Continued 57. Bush v. Orleans Parish School Board, Williams v. Davis, 187 F. Supp. 42 (E.D. La. 1960). 58. La. Acts 1960, 1st Ex. Sess., Nos. 3-9. 59. La. Acts 1960, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 10, permitting the Governor to close schools in case of disorder, riots or violence; No. 11, permitting the Governor to close any public schools under court order to carry out a program inconsistent with the constitution and laws of the State; No. 12, permitting the Governor to close all public schools whenever a school board under court order should place into operation a plan inconsistent with the constitution and laws of the State; No. 13, ordering the withholding of State aid from any school ordered to operate under a plan inconsistent with the constitution and laws of the State; No. 14, requiring all schools to be operated in accordance with the laws and constitution of the State and prohibiting the State board of education from accrediting any school which violated the act, and prohibiting any State university from recognizing diplomas from such schools; No. 17, partially reenacting Act 319 of 1956 repealed by Act 3 of the same session withdrawing and suspending all powers and duties of the Orleans Parish School Board except certain powers related to financial management of school property and vesting the legislature of the State with all of the other powers. 60. La. Acts 1960, ist Ex. Sess., No. 2. 61. La. Act 1960, ist Ex. Sess., No. 16. 62. La. Acts 1960, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 25. 63. La. Acts 1960, ist Ex. Sess., Nos. 20-23. 64. La. Acts 1960, ist Ex. Sess., Nos. 24 and 26. 65. La. Acts 1960, ist Ex. Sess., H. Con. Res. No. 10. 66. La. Acts 1960, ist Ex. Sess., H. Con. Res. No. 18. 67. La. Acts 1960, ist Ex. Sess., H. Con. Res. No. 19. 68. La. Acts 1960, ist Ex. Sess., H. Con. Res. No. 23. 69. La. Acts 1960,2d Ex. Sess., H. Con. Res. Nos. 3, 5, 6, 20, 21, 26. 70. La. Acts 1960, 2d Ex. Sess., No. 5. 71. La. Acts 1960,, 2dEx. Sess.,H. Con. Res. Nos. 2, 7,23, 27, 28, 34. 72. La. Acts 1960, 2d Ex. Sess., No. 3. 73. La. Acts 1960, 2d Ex. Sess., No. 7. 74. La. Acts 1960, 2d Ex. Sess., No. 6. 75. La. Acts 1960, 3d Ex. Sess., No. 3, providing that usurpation of public office be considered a misdemeanor, and its complementary S. Con. Res. No. 7, which had addressed out of office the New Orleans superintendent. 76. La. Acts <strong>1961</strong>, 2d Ex. Sess., No. 3, making it a misdemeanor subject to fine to bribe parents to send their children to desegregated 207
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1961 United States
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KF 4755 .A822 1961
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Page CHAPTER 4. DESEGREGATION IN TH
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Page Summary 135 CHAPTER 9. SOUTHER
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General Contents: Books 1-5 Book I:
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Foreword The United States
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Inaction of government officials ha
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pan iv. Education 1. Introduction O
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equire or permit segregation by rac
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for the two races. 8 After the clea
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district court might conclude after
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1. State-imposed racial segregation
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grants, for example? If so, what pr
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If initial assignments by race subj
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As the Court put it in Boiling v. S
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seems to arise. The cost of public
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children of the same family to atte
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The Fifth Circuit appears to be on
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to exhaust administrative remedies
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students wishing to do so could reg
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In Northcross v. Board of Education
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standards, was rejected on "attitud
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Curriculum disparities as between w
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to be approved or disapproved by a
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their schools, as required by law."
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4. Desegregation in the South By Ma
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enrollment. In September 1960, Air
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the school year. 88 While the numbe
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hand, they were openly—this time
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Maryland All of the 23 school distr
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tion. 80 One Negro pupil was assign
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The North Carolina Advisory Committ
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eligible Negro students quietly ent
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white counterparts. Their overall a
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Fairfax County, which has a very sm
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Our dual system of schools is the b
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having only a few Negro pupils have
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The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of
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to maintain segregated schools for
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and authorized school boards to pro
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desegregated schools. 86 This legis
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and New Orleans—was under court o
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It had become clear that New Orlean
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South Carolina Statutes enacted dur
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6. The Threat to Education ... no i
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act, and a 1959 amendment withholdi
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ther to close other schools in any
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given authority to call an election
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from certain schools was voided by
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funds were available. The school bo
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The financing of these private scho
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and other forms of governmental par
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should be kept in mind when we spea
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public schools because of tuition g
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7. Segregation North and West At le
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y school authorities. All these pow
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easonable, and educationally sound.
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classes and school, attend the scho
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choice is between two schools havin
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thorough elimination of segregation
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INFERIORITY OF THE SCHOOL From 1896
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Having put the power of assignment
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suit in serious disparities in staf
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sponsored; others are private, volu
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same students had made the previous
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sional techniques involved in purpo
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Another approach is to improve his
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January January 1958 1961</
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IQ scores of 108, 128, 99, and 125
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1. The gains in reading comprehensi
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Inservice programs to upgrade teach
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serves. Thus, Oak Park and Carver p
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sponsored. An exception is the tuto
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9. Southern Libraries Sixteen years
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council adopted an ordinance restri
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three Negro students from Virginia
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conduct of public library services.
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Act program, the Southern States re
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10. Role of the Executive Branch Ea
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or to submit plans to accomplish de
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gate and report his findings. On th
Page 171 and 172: THE LOUISIANA CASES An Interpositio
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Page 175 and 176: As to the contention that the Unite
Page 177 and 178: At the hearing at which the court r
Page 179 and 180: Appropriate action to vindicate the
Page 181 and 182: the formulation of a desegregation
Page 183 and 184: 11. The Colleges In January <strong
Page 185 and 186: applicants seeking admission to sai
Page 187 and 188: In May 1961 a Negr
Page 189 and 190: 12. Conclusions The Nation's progre
Page 191 and 192: schools provide elementary school i
Page 193 and 194: have made some start towards compli
Page 195 and 196: Need for Federal protection 17. The
Page 197 and 198: of equal protection in public schoo
Page 199 and 200: tended, to serve as a clearinghouse
Page 201: the number and ethnic classificatio
Page 204 and 205: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 2 1. Brow
Page 206 and 207: Notes: Education, Chapter 3—Conti
Page 212 and 213: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 4 1. Cf.
Page 234 and 235: NOTES: EDUCATION, Chapter 7 1. See
Page 246 and 247: Notes: Education, Chapter 10—Cont
Page 248 and 249: Notes: Education, Chapter 10—Cont
Page 250 and 251: Notes: Education, Chapter u—Conti
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Page 254 and 255: TABLE 2.—Status of segregation-de
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Page 258 and 259: EXHIBIT i Bureau of the Budget No.
Page 260 and 261: (3) Fill in blanks under columns th
Page 262 and 263: GARDINER, "National Library Week—
Page 264 and 265: U.S. Commission on
Page 266 and 267: LIST OF CASES CITED—Continued Pag
Page 268 and 269: LIST OF GASES CITED—Continued In
Page 270: LIST OF GASES CITED—Continued Pag
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