Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Kootenai River Basin (Montana, Idaho and British Columbia, Canada)....................16 Figure 2. Kootenai River Basin, Montana. .................................................................................33 Figure 3. Libby Reservoir elevations (minimum, maximum), water years (October 1 – Sept. 30), 1976 through 2003. ..............................................................................................................34 Chapter 1 Figures Figure 1. An aerial photograph of Libby Dam, looking downstream. The red symbols represent typical locations that hoop traps are positioned below Libby Dam for burbot monitoring.42 Figure 2. Bull trout redd counts, and trend analysis in Grave Creek, 1993 through 2003. ........52 Figure 3. Bull trout redd counts and trend analysis for the Wigwam River (including Bighorn, Desolation, and Lodgepole creeks) 1995-2003. ..................................................................53 Figure 4. Bull trout redd counts and trend analysis (blue line) for Quartz Creek (including West Fork Quartz) 1990-2003. .....................................................................................................56 Figure 5. Bull trout redd counts and trend analysis (blue line) for Pipe Creek 1990-2003........58 Figure 6. Bull trout redd counts and trend analysis (blue line) in Bear Creek, a tributary to Libby Creek, 1995-2003. The mean number of bull trout redds was 16.1....................................58 Figure 7. Bull trout redd counts and trend line (blue line) in O’Brien Creek 1991-2003. .........59 Figure 8. Bull trout redd counts in the West Fisher River, a tributary to the Fisher River, 1993- 2003......................................................................................................................................59 Figure 9. Bull trout redd counts and trend line (blue line) in Keeler Creek, a tributary to Lake Creek, 1996-2003. A beaver dam was present in lower Keeler Creek in the fall of 2001 that likely impeded bull trout migration. Therefore the 2001 observation was removed and the regression analysis was repeated (orange line)..............................................................60 Figure 10. Length frequency distribution for bull trout captured via jet boat electrofishing on April 8 – 22, 2004 below Libby Dam..................................................................................61 Figure 12. Total catch per effort (burbot per trap day) of baited hoop traps in the stilling basin downstream of Libby Dam 1994/1995 through 2003/2004. The data were fit with linear regression for all years (1994/1995 – 2003/2004), 1995/1996 – 2003/2004 and with an exponential model for 1995/1996 – 2003/2004. The traps are baited with kokanee salmon and fished during December and February..........................................................................62 Figure 13. Length frequency distribution for burbot captured in baited hoop traps in Libby Reservoir, 2003-2004...........................................................................................................65 Figure 14. Length weight relationship for burbot captured in baited hoop traps in Libby Reservoir 2003-2004............................................................................................................66 Figure 15. Scatter plot of mean burbot catch rates (catch per trap-day) versus trap date. .........67 Figure 16. Scatter plot and regression of mean burbot catch rates (catch per trap-day) for 3 meter depth categories ranging from 2 to 33 meters......................................................................67 Figure 17. Histogram of the number of acoustic observations for burbot tagged with acoustic and combined radio/acoustic tags in Libby Reservoir 2003-2004. .....................................71 Figure 18. Capture locations for a typical burbot tagged with an acoustic tag. This particular burbot was captured on January 14, 2004 (Point A) in a baited hoop trap fished near the confluence of Big Creek (river mile 248.7). This fish was relocated on 1/21/04, 2/11/04, 2/20/04, 2/25/04, and 3/3/04, Points B thru E, respectively. ...............................................72 Figure 19. Montana Mountain Metrics. These were the metrics that provided the best 6-metric suite for the mountain regions of Montana (Marshall and Kerans 2003). Each metric has two thresholds. If the mean was within the expected range of variation, it scored zerodeviation points. If it was beyond one threshold, it scores 1 deviation point for moderate 8
deviation from reference conditions (0.01 the metric extends past the extreme threshold, it scores 2 deviation points (P < 0.01; β 7 are very deviant from reference conditions. Both before and after restoration, the sites scored 3 but there were significant differences among the metrics % Diptera and the contribution of collector-gatherers were both significantly greater after the restoration. ...........................................................................................................................76 Figure 20. Cutthroat trout, bull trout and brook trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Therriault Creek Section 1 monitoring site from 1997-1999 and 2003 collected by performing backpack electrofishing. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars. ..................................................................................................................80 Figure 21. Cutthroat trout, bull trout and brook trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Therriault Creek Section 2 monitoring site from 1997-1999, 2001 and 2003 collected by performing backpack electrofishing. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars. ..................................................................................................................81 Figure 22. Cutthroat trout, bull trout and brook trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Therriault Creek Section 3 monitoring site from 1997-1999 and 2003 collected by performing backpack electrofishing. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars. ..................................................................................................................81 Figure 23. Mean cutthroat, rainbow, brook, and bull trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Grave Creek Demonstration Project area prior to (2002-2001) and after (2002-2003) the completion of the Grave Creek Demonstration Restoration Project. Data collected during 2000 and 2001 represent pre-project implementation fish abundances and were collected using single pass electrofishing. Fish abundance data collected in 2002 represents postproject implementation fish abundances and was collected via snorkel counts. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars. ..................................................83 Figure 24. Cutthroat, rainbow, brook, and bull trout abundance estimates (fish per 1000 feet) and linear regression trend analyses within the Grave Creek Demonstration Project monitoring site from 2000-2003 collected by performing backpack electrofishing. The 2000 and 2001 data were collected using single pass electrofishing, the data collected in 2002 was collected via snorkel counts, and the 2003 data was collected using multiple pass electrofishing. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars. ......84 Figure 25. Cutthroat trout and brook trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Young Creek Section 5 monitoring site from 1997-2003 collected by performing backpack electrofishing. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars. ..............................85 Figure 26. Rainbow trout and brook trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Libby Creek Demonstration Project area, comparing annual mean pre-project (1998-2001) data and postproject (2002) using mobile electrofishing gear. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars...........................................................................................87 Figure 27. Rainbow trout, brook trout, and bull trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Libby Creek Section 1 monitoring site 1998 through 2003 using a backpack electrofisher. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars. The site was sampled using single pass electrofishing in 1999 and 2000. .............................................................87 Figure 28. Rainbow trout, brook trout, and bull trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Libby Creek Section 2 monitoring site sampled in 1998, 2001 and 2003 using a backpack electrofisher. Upper 95% confidence intervals are represented by the whisker bars. ........88 Figure 29. Rainbow trout and bull trout densities (fish per 1000 feet) within the Libby Creek Section 3 monitoring site in 2000-2003 using a backpack electrofisher. Upper 95% 9
Page 1 and 2: Mitigation for the Construction and
Page 3 and 4: MITIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND
Page 5 and 6: depth of burbot that were relocated
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are thankful to
Page 9: Juvenile Salmonid Population Estima
Page 13 and 14: Figure 46. Minimal detectible diffe
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 2 Tables Table 1. Design sp
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION Libby Reservoir was cr
Page 19 and 20: PROJECT HISTORY Montana Fish, Wildl
Page 21 and 22: 2002 - Montana FWP collaborated wit
Page 23 and 24: DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA Subbasin
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Current relative abundance
Page 27 and 28: Similar impacts have been observed
Page 29 and 30: 2460 2440 2420 2400 2380 2360 2340
Page 31 and 32: construction and operation of Libby
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1 Physical and Biological M
Page 35 and 36: Biological monitoring data was prov
Page 37 and 38: Figure 1. An aerial photograph of L
Page 39 and 40: antenna located approximately 5 cm
Page 41 and 42: We compared samples collected in Se
Page 43 and 44: extends downstream 131 m. This sect
Page 45 and 46: and reduced again to 28 ganged floa
Page 47 and 48: Results Bull Trout Redd Counts Grav
Page 49 and 50: Table 1. Bull trout redd survey sum
Page 51 and 52: Quartz Creek Bull trout redd counts
Page 53 and 54: Bull Trout Redds 40 35 30 25 20 15
Page 55 and 56: Keeler Creek Bull trout that spawn
Page 57 and 58: Burbot Monitoring Below Libby Dam T
Page 59 and 60: Table 2. Summary information for th
Page 61 and 62:
7000 6000 5000 Y = 45.246e 0.0055x
Page 63 and 64:
The Libby FWP Mitigation Staff surg
Page 65 and 66:
Table 2. (Continued) Capture locati
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Figure 18. Capture locations for a
Page 69 and 70:
Table 4. T-test results. This table
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 19. Montana Mountain Metrics
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Table 5. T-test results. This table
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Juvenile Salmonid Population Estima
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Grave Creek Juvenile salmonid monit
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Number Fish per 1000 Feet 100 80 60
Page 81 and 82:
Libby Creek Section 1 of Libby Cree
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Figure 28. Rainbow trout, brook tro
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Pipe Creek Juvenile rainbow trout w
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Table 6. Average length and weight
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Catch per Net A. Mountain Whitefish
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Table 8. Kamloops rainbow trout cap
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25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 500
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Burbot per Trap Day 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0
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Table 9. Average catch per net for
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Table 11. Percent composition of ma
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deviation = 0.052; Figure 43), with
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Table 12. Individual probability va
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Discussion Long-term monitoring of
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We believe that Libby Reservoir dur
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Figure 47. Minimal detectible diffe
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References Bahls, L., R. Bukantis,
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trout status report (below Kootenai
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Chapter 2 Stream Restoration and Mi
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food sources, as evidenced by the l
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Methods and Results Eureka Pond The
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spacing was 172.8 feet, which repre
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Figure 2. Vicinity Map for Upper Li
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Table 1. Design specifications for
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70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 500 1000 150
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Grave Creek Phase I Restoration Pro
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Table 4. Design specifications for
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190.0 185.0 180.0 175.0 170.0 165.0
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educed the mean width and width to
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Table 7. Mean cross sectional area,
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Discussion The Grave Creek Phase I
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References Chisholm, I.M., M.E. Hen
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Appendix 148
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Table A2. Lower Grave Creek Demonst
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Table A4. Libby Creek depletion pop
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Table A7. Mean zooplankton densitie
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Table A9. Mean zooplankton densitie
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Table A13. Yearly mean total zoopla
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Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam

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