Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam

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Wells, B.K., G.E. Bath, S.R. Thorrold, and C.M. Jones. 2000. Incorporation of strontium, cadmium, and barium in juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) scales reflects water chemistry. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57:2122-2129. 119
Chapter 2 Stream Restoration and Mitigation Projects in the Montana Portion of the Kootenai River Basin Abstract A cooperative mitigation and implementation plan developed by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes documents the hydropower related losses and mitigation actions attributable to the construction and operation of Libby Dam, as called for by the Northwest Power Planning Council’s Fish and Wildlife Program (MFWP,CSKT and KTOI 1998). A mix of mitigation techniques is necessary to offset losses caused by dam construction and operation. In 2003, Montana FWP implemented several projects to mitigate for a portion of the losses attributable to the construction and operation of Libby Dam. In 2002, we began working cooperatively with the Lincoln County Fair board to construct a community-fishing pond at the Lincoln County Fair Grounds that will enhance angling and education opportunities for young angler. This project was completed in 2003. We identified Libby, Grave and Young creeks as high priority streams for restoration activities based on habitat quality, fish community composition, and native fish abundance. Libby Creek has been identified as a core area for native redband trout and bull trout, while Grave Creek has been identified as a core area for bull trout, and Young Creek is one of the most important westslope cutthroat trout spawning tributaries to Koocanusa Reservoir because it represents one of the last known genetically pure populations of westslope cutthroat trout in the US portion of the subbasin. We adopted a phased approach for restoring Libby and Grave creeks. The Grave Creek Phase I Restoration Project represents the third phase of restoration efforts on lower Grave Creek, and the upper Libby Creek Restoration Project was the second restoration project Montana FWP has implemented on Libby Creek. Project objectives for the Libby, Grave and Young Creek restoration projects focused on restoring channel stability and increasing the quality and quantity of trout rearing habitat. Restoration activities on the Libby Creek Cleveland Project and the Grave Creek Phase I Project were completed in the fall of 2002, and Young Creek State Lands Project was completed in the fall of 2003. The monitoring program for each of these projects includes pre- and post-construction monitoring that allows comparisons to describe changes in the physical environment as a result of these restoration activities. Dunnigan et al. (2003) demonstrated that the Libby and Grave Creek projects decreased the bankfull width and bank erosion and increased stream depth, substrate mean particle size, and the quality and quantity of salmonid rearing habitat. The monitoring results presented in this document evaluate whether these physical changes were maintained after the first spring freshet. The Young Creek State Lands Project effectively changed the stream channel pattern profile and dimension. These changes resulted in a narrower, deeper channel that are likely to improve the long-term quantity and quality of rearing habitat for native salmonids. The monitoring program for this project will allow us to assess whether the project continues to meet our objectives through time. 120
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Mitigation for the Construction and
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MITIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND
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depth of burbot that were relocated
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are thankful to
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Juvenile Salmonid Population Estima
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deviation from reference conditions
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Figure 46. Minimal detectible diffe
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Chapter 2 Tables Table 1. Design sp
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INTRODUCTION Libby Reservoir was cr
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PROJECT HISTORY Montana Fish, Wildl
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2002 - Montana FWP collaborated wit
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DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA Subbasin
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Table 1. Current relative abundance
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Similar impacts have been observed
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2460 2440 2420 2400 2380 2360 2340
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construction and operation of Libby
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Chapter 1 Physical and Biological M
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Biological monitoring data was prov
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Figure 1. An aerial photograph of L
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antenna located approximately 5 cm
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We compared samples collected in Se
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extends downstream 131 m. This sect
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and reduced again to 28 ganged floa
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Results Bull Trout Redd Counts Grav
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Table 1. Bull trout redd survey sum
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Quartz Creek Bull trout redd counts
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Bull Trout Redds 40 35 30 25 20 15
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Keeler Creek Bull trout that spawn
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Burbot Monitoring Below Libby Dam T
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Table 2. Summary information for th
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7000 6000 5000 Y = 45.246e 0.0055x
Page 63 and 64: The Libby FWP Mitigation Staff surg
Page 65 and 66: Table 2. (Continued) Capture locati
Page 67 and 68: Figure 18. Capture locations for a
Page 69 and 70: Table 4. T-test results. This table
Page 71 and 72: Figure 19. Montana Mountain Metrics
Page 73 and 74: Table 5. T-test results. This table
Page 75 and 76: Juvenile Salmonid Population Estima
Page 77 and 78: Grave Creek Juvenile salmonid monit
Page 79 and 80: Number Fish per 1000 Feet 100 80 60
Page 81 and 82: Libby Creek Section 1 of Libby Cree
Page 83 and 84: Figure 28. Rainbow trout, brook tro
Page 85 and 86: Pipe Creek Juvenile rainbow trout w
Page 87 and 88: Table 6. Average length and weight
Page 89 and 90: Catch per Net A. Mountain Whitefish
Page 91 and 92: Table 8. Kamloops rainbow trout cap
Page 93 and 94: 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 500
Page 95 and 96: Burbot per Trap Day 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0
Page 97 and 98: Table 9. Average catch per net for
Page 99 and 100: Table 11. Percent composition of ma
Page 101 and 102: deviation = 0.052; Figure 43), with
Page 103 and 104: Table 12. Individual probability va
Page 105 and 106: Discussion Long-term monitoring of
Page 107 and 108: We believe that Libby Reservoir dur
Page 109 and 110: Figure 47. Minimal detectible diffe
Page 111 and 112: References Bahls, L., R. Bukantis,
Page 113: trout status report (below Kootenai
Page 117 and 118: food sources, as evidenced by the l
Page 119 and 120: Methods and Results Eureka Pond The
Page 121 and 122: spacing was 172.8 feet, which repre
Page 123 and 124: Figure 2. Vicinity Map for Upper Li
Page 125 and 126: Table 1. Design specifications for
Page 127 and 128: 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 500 1000 150
Page 129 and 130: Grave Creek Phase I Restoration Pro
Page 131 and 132: Table 4. Design specifications for
Page 133 and 134: 190.0 185.0 180.0 175.0 170.0 165.0
Page 135 and 136: educed the mean width and width to
Page 137 and 138: Table 7. Mean cross sectional area,
Page 139 and 140: Discussion The Grave Creek Phase I
Page 141 and 142: References Chisholm, I.M., M.E. Hen
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 148
Page 145 and 146: Table A2. Lower Grave Creek Demonst
Page 147 and 148: Table A4. Libby Creek depletion pop
Page 149 and 150: Table A7. Mean zooplankton densitie
Page 151 and 152: Table A9. Mean zooplankton densitie
Page 153: Table A13. Yearly mean total zoopla
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Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam

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