Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam

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that Grave Creek be a high priority for Total Mean Daily Load allocation (TMDL). Grave Creek also provides water for westslope cutthroat trout habitat, agriculture and other riparian dependent resources. Timber harvest and road construction in the headwaters and agriculture, grazing, riparian vegetation losses, channel manipulation, and residential and industrial encroachment in lower reaches have impacted the lower three miles of Grave Creek by reducing stream stability, the quality and quantity of available fish habitat, and the composition of the riparian community. Therefore, lower Grave Creek is much less stable than it was historically, which has likely resulted in a reduction of salmonid productivity and carrying capacity from historic conditions. Restoration activities on Grave and Libby creeks are consistent with those strategies identified in the Fisheries Mitigation and Implementation Plan for the Losses attributable to the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam (MFWP, CSKT and KTOI 1998) and the Kootenai Subbasin Plan (KTOI and MFWP 2004). Stream restoration efforts when applied appropriately can be successful at restoring streams to an equilibrium state. However, there are several critical fundamental issues that must be resolved prior to the design and implementation of any restoration project (Rosgen 1996). These include a clear definition and causes of the problems, an understanding of the future potential of the stream type as conditioned by the watershed and valley features, and an understanding of the probable stable form of the stream under the current hydrology and sediment regime (Rosgen 1996). The restoration projects described below were designed and implemented after considering these issues and other recommendations found in Rosgen (1996). The following sections discuss the results of the restoration activities and monitoring results. 123
Methods and Results Eureka Pond The MFWP staff began working with the Lincoln County Fairgrounds board of directors to construct a fishing pond on the fairgrounds property in Eureka in 2000, in an effort to help mitigate lost fisheries habitat and recreation opportunity in the Montana portion of the Kootenai River subbasin. Design work and discussions about liability issues delayed construction until the summer of 2002. The pond was excavated and lined with a mixture of silt and granular bentonite to minimize leaking. However, the course material beneath the pond was difficult to seal, and as a result, in the fall of 2003, the Libby Mitigation staff installed a polypropylene liner to seal the pond. The maximum depth of the pond is 8 feet and has a surface area of 0.4 acres. The water source for the Eureka pond is a 50 gallons per minute water right out of Mill Spring held by the Lincoln County Fair. Currently the only consumptive use in water for the pond is evaporation. The pond will be stocked with fish in the summer of 2004. Figure 1. A photograph of the Eureka fishing pond taken in the spring of 2003, with the polypropylene pond liner installed. The pond has a maximum depth is 8 feet and a toal surface area of 0.4 acres. The pond will be stocked for recreational family fishing in the summer of 2004. 124
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Mitigation for the Construction and
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MITIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND
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depth of burbot that were relocated
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are thankful to
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Juvenile Salmonid Population Estima
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deviation from reference conditions
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Figure 46. Minimal detectible diffe
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Chapter 2 Tables Table 1. Design sp
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INTRODUCTION Libby Reservoir was cr
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PROJECT HISTORY Montana Fish, Wildl
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2002 - Montana FWP collaborated wit
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DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA Subbasin
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Table 1. Current relative abundance
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Similar impacts have been observed
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2460 2440 2420 2400 2380 2360 2340
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construction and operation of Libby
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Chapter 1 Physical and Biological M
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Biological monitoring data was prov
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Figure 1. An aerial photograph of L
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antenna located approximately 5 cm
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We compared samples collected in Se
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extends downstream 131 m. This sect
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and reduced again to 28 ganged floa
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Results Bull Trout Redd Counts Grav
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Table 1. Bull trout redd survey sum
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Quartz Creek Bull trout redd counts
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Bull Trout Redds 40 35 30 25 20 15
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Keeler Creek Bull trout that spawn
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Burbot Monitoring Below Libby Dam T
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Table 2. Summary information for th
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7000 6000 5000 Y = 45.246e 0.0055x
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The Libby FWP Mitigation Staff surg
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Table 2. (Continued) Capture locati
Page 67 and 68: Figure 18. Capture locations for a
Page 69 and 70: Table 4. T-test results. This table
Page 71 and 72: Figure 19. Montana Mountain Metrics
Page 73 and 74: Table 5. T-test results. This table
Page 75 and 76: Juvenile Salmonid Population Estima
Page 77 and 78: Grave Creek Juvenile salmonid monit
Page 79 and 80: Number Fish per 1000 Feet 100 80 60
Page 81 and 82: Libby Creek Section 1 of Libby Cree
Page 83 and 84: Figure 28. Rainbow trout, brook tro
Page 85 and 86: Pipe Creek Juvenile rainbow trout w
Page 87 and 88: Table 6. Average length and weight
Page 89 and 90: Catch per Net A. Mountain Whitefish
Page 91 and 92: Table 8. Kamloops rainbow trout cap
Page 93 and 94: 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 500
Page 95 and 96: Burbot per Trap Day 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0
Page 97 and 98: Table 9. Average catch per net for
Page 99 and 100: Table 11. Percent composition of ma
Page 101 and 102: deviation = 0.052; Figure 43), with
Page 103 and 104: Table 12. Individual probability va
Page 105 and 106: Discussion Long-term monitoring of
Page 107 and 108: We believe that Libby Reservoir dur
Page 109 and 110: Figure 47. Minimal detectible diffe
Page 111 and 112: References Bahls, L., R. Bukantis,
Page 113 and 114: trout status report (below Kootenai
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 2 Stream Restoration and Mi
Page 117: food sources, as evidenced by the l
Page 121 and 122: spacing was 172.8 feet, which repre
Page 123 and 124: Figure 2. Vicinity Map for Upper Li
Page 125 and 126: Table 1. Design specifications for
Page 127 and 128: 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 500 1000 150
Page 129 and 130: Grave Creek Phase I Restoration Pro
Page 131 and 132: Table 4. Design specifications for
Page 133 and 134: 190.0 185.0 180.0 175.0 170.0 165.0
Page 135 and 136: educed the mean width and width to
Page 137 and 138: Table 7. Mean cross sectional area,
Page 139 and 140: Discussion The Grave Creek Phase I
Page 141 and 142: References Chisholm, I.M., M.E. Hen
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 148
Page 145 and 146: Table A2. Lower Grave Creek Demonst
Page 147 and 148: Table A4. Libby Creek depletion pop
Page 149 and 150: Table A7. Mean zooplankton densitie
Page 151 and 152: Table A9. Mean zooplankton densitie
Page 153: Table A13. Yearly mean total zoopla
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Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam

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