60199616-flight-to-freedom-african-runaways-and-maroons-in-the-americas

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Figure 13. Domingos Jorge Velho and his aide-de-camp (O bandeirante Do mingos Jorge Velho, by Benedito Calixto, 1903)
158 Flight to Freedom Palmares, sometimes at their own expense. In Cuba their counterparts were Ramón Cordero, Francisco Rivera, Andrés Rivera, Domingo Armona, José Pérez Sánchez, Francisco Estévez and Valentín Páez. In Colombia they were Juan Gabriel and Governor Marín de Cevallos Lacerda; and in Suriname they were David Nassy and Juriaan François de Friderici. 16 Some of these people were large plantation owners and high government officials. However, as noted already, the vast majority of Maroon catchers were recruited among White small farmers, free Coloured people and the social outcasts of society. Pinto Vallejos (1998, 184) declares that slave-catching proved to be a very convenient means for putting vagrants and brigands to a socially productive use. . . . The vast majority of the capitães do mato [were] drawn from their ranks, partly in the not too unreasonable expectation that they would be better trained for bush warfare. Teixeira Coelho expressed this most succinctly in 1780: “these vagrants, who in other lands would be a curse, are useful here: ...they make up the squads that go into the jungle to destroy the quilombos of runaway slaves, and that help the justice in capturing criminals”. According to Roberto Frijol (1982, 18, 21), Francisco Estévez was the ultimate Maroon catcher, “the Atila of the Vuelta Abajo palenques”, whose dedicated and self-declared objective was the total extermination of the Maroons. 17 Villaverde (1982, 28) refers to him as a semi-civilized peasant, a family man, an owner of a small coffee estate and a slaveholder. His diary gives the distinct impression of a man with a dark and melancholy mind. Franco (1973, 84) asserts that Domingo Armona distinguished himself by his cruelty, which seemed to rival, if not surpass, that of Estévez. In one night he hanged eighteen Blacks whom he had met on his search for Maroons, without bothering to ascertain whether or not they were fugitives. Ortiz (1975, 363) warns us not to be duped by stories of the valour and dedication of bush captains and bounty hunters, or with the rhythm of the applause that most enslavers gave them. Many of those, he asserts, who dedicated themselves to such a heartless profession were cruel men and real rascals. In his novel entitled Romualdo: uno de tantos, Francisco Calcagno (1881, 47) depicts the Cuban rancheador (Maroon catcher) in this way: The rancheador is another of the odious types of our society: he is a monstrosity spawned by slavery....The maroon gives rise to the rancheador, as the political criminal gives rise to the hangman. On the same level with the dealer [in slaves]
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Flight to Freedom
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Flight to Freedom African Runaways
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To my wife, Hilda, with all my love
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Contents List of Illustrations / ix
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Illustrations Zabeth / frontispiece
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Acknowledgements My research for th
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Introduction Slavery is the most pe
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Introduction 3 nialism. François D
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Introduction 5 The Cockpit Country
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Introduction 7 study also looks at
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Introduction 9 Naturally, there wer
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Introduction 11 Maroons from their
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Introduction 13 what they perceive
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Introduction 15 ous other kinds of
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Introduction 17 violently against t
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Part 1 Ideological Bases of Marrona
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Chapter 1 Totalitarianism and Slave
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 23 Figu
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 25 When
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 27 and
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 29 grav
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 31 ensl
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 33 free
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 35 an o
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 37 flig
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 39 Virg
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 41 Robe
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 43 Then
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 45 Maro
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 47 Roch
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 49 plus
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 51 the
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Chapter 2 Forms of Marronage Petit
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Forms of Marronage 55 bondage. Flig
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Forms of Marronage 57 Esteban Deive
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Forms of Marronage 59 context of de
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Forms of Marronage 61 the birds and
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Forms of Marronage 63 Douglass, lik
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Forms of Marronage 65 per cent of t
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Forms of Marronage 67 their settlem
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Forms of Marronage 69 that pregnanc
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Forms of Marronage 71 tury, and the
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Forms of Marronage 73 found that mo
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Forms of Marronage 75 such a persis
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Forms of Marronage 77 Brathwaite 19
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Forms of Marronage 79 The weight of
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Forms of Marronage 81 In 1549 a sma
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Forms of Marronage 83 Of the non-Af
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Forms of Marronage 85 refer to the
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Forms of Marronage 87 of deserters,
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Part 2 Origins and Development of M
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Chapter 3 The Imperative of Freedom
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The Imperative of Freedom 93 ing th
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The Imperative of Freedom 95 Stedma
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The Imperative of Freedom 97 role a
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The Imperative of Freedom 99 Some o
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The Imperative of Freedom 101 and s
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The Imperative of Freedom 103 socie
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The Imperative of Freedom 105 310).
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Page 122 and 123: Chapter 4 Establishment of Maroon C
Page 124 and 125: Establishment of Maroon Communities
Page 130 and 131: Figure 7. Jamaica: The Maroon phase
Page 134 and 135: Figure 8. Route of Miguel Peréz’
Page 158 and 159: Military Expeditions and Judicial T
Page 172 and 173: Figure 14. A Brazilian capitão do
Page 186 and 187: Part 3 Maroon Organization Freedom
Page 188 and 189: Chapter 6 Physical Organization of
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Page 192 and 193: Physical Organization of Maroon Com
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Figure 23. A Suriname Maroon attire
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Physical Organization of Maroon Com
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Chapter 7 Maroon Government Structu
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Maroon Government 213 lence in thes
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Maroon Government 215 why this was
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Maroon Government 217 but, murder o
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Maroon Government 219 eral states,
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Maroon Government 221 In the Cofre
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Maroon Government 223 of a particul
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Maroon Government 225 395) advances
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Maroon Government 227 freedom was c
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Maroon Government 229 Generally, Ma
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Maroon Government 231 ever saw, who
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http://members.aol.com/fsln/gallery
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Maroon Government 235 “the slaveo
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Maroon Government 237 often contain
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Chapter 8 Maroon Economy Interdepen
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Maroon Economy 241 on plantations a
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Maroon Economy 243 Agriculture The
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Maroon Economy 245 displayed all th
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Maroon Economy 247 treaty that the
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Maroon Economy 249 varieties in the
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Maroon Economy 251 sion. Neverthele
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Maroon Economy 253 (1997, 86), Maro
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Maroon Economy 255 time-consuming p
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Maroon Economy 257 displaying desig
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Maroon Economy 259 of the mines for
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Maroon Economy 261 commercial inter
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Part 4 Accommodation or Revolution
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Chapter 9 Negotiations and Treaties
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Negotiations and Treaties 267 thirt
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Negotiations and Treaties 269 they
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Negotiations and Treaties 271 In hi
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Negotiations and Treaties 273 share
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Negotiations and Treaties 275 tions
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Negotiations and Treaties 277 more
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Negotiations and Treaties 279 some
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Negotiations and Treaties 281 and j
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Negotiations and Treaties 283 In 17
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Negotiations and Treaties 285 littl
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Negotiations and Treaties 287 We th
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Negotiations and Treaties 289 said
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Negotiations and Treaties 291 Palma
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Negotiations and Treaties 293 ment
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Chapter 10 Maroons and Revolutionar
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Maroons and Revolutionary Struggle
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Conclusion I paid my duty To live h
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Conclusion 325 that Maroon depredat
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Conclusion 327 scholars seem to bel
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Conclusion 329 overlooks the lethal
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Notes to pages 38-62 331 before ema
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Notes to pages 72-84 333 8. See als
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Notes to pages 108-125 335 11. See
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Notes to pages 146-164 337 4. Buckl
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Notes to pages 181-194 339 7. Fouch
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Notes to pages 213-224 341 the Whit
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Notes to pages 236-243 343 many of
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Notes to pages 254-272 345 18. On t
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Notes to pages 290-306 347 who, bec
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Bibliography Acosta Saignes, Miguel
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Bibliography 351 Bosnegersamenlevin
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Bibliography 353 Cohen, David and J
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Bibliography 355 Dookhan, Isaac. 19
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Bibliography 357 Antilles du XVII e
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Bibliography 359 Isichei, Elizabeth
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Bibliography 361 Laude, Jean. 1973.
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Bibliography 363 Memmi, Albert. 196
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Bibliography 365 Pérez de Ribas, A
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Bibliography 367 Rueda Mendez, Davi
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Bibliography 369 ———. 1995.
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Index abduction of enslaved persons
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Index 373 tion of, 79; firearms in,
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Index 375 freedom access to, for Bl
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Index 377 fishing and gathering, 24
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Index 379 government of, 218-19 mas
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Index 381 Toussaint Louverture, Fra
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60199616-flight-to-freedom-african-runaways-and-maroons-in-the-americas

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