60199616-flight-to-freedom-african-runaways-and-maroons-in-the-americas

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Flight to Freedom African Runaways and Maroons in the Americas Alvin O. Thompson University of the West Indies Press Jamaica Barbados Trinidad and Tobago
University of the West Indies Press 1A Aqueduct Flats Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica www.uwipress.com © 2006 by Alvin O. Thompson All rights reserved. Published 2006 10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Thompson, Alvin O. Flight to freedom: African runaways and Maroons in the Americas / Alvin O. Thompson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN: 976-640-180-2 1. Maroons – Caribbean Area – History. 2. Fugitive slaves – Caribbean Area. 3. Caribbean Area – History. I. Title. F1884.T58 2006 972.92 The original manuscript of this book won the literary award in the category of Political Thought, Prizes of Caribbean Thought 2003–2004. Cover illustration: Richard Ansdell, The Hunted Slaves (1861). Reproduced by permission of National Museums Liverpool, United Kingdom. Book and cover design by Robert Harris. Set in ACaslon 10.5/14 x 24 Printed in the United States of America.
Page 2 and 3: Flight to Freedom
Page 6 and 7: To my wife, Hilda, with all my love
Page 8 and 9: Contents List of Illustrations / ix
Page 10 and 11: Illustrations Zabeth / frontispiece
Page 12 and 13: Acknowledgements My research for th
Page 14 and 15: Introduction Slavery is the most pe
Page 16 and 17: Introduction 3 nialism. François D
Page 18 and 19: Introduction 5 The Cockpit Country
Page 20 and 21: Introduction 7 study also looks at
Page 22 and 23: Introduction 9 Naturally, there wer
Page 24 and 25: Introduction 11 Maroons from their
Page 26 and 27: Introduction 13 what they perceive
Page 28 and 29: Introduction 15 ous other kinds of
Page 30 and 31: Introduction 17 violently against t
Page 32 and 33: Part 1 Ideological Bases of Marrona
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 1 Totalitarianism and Slave
Page 36 and 37: Totalitarianism and Slavery 23 Figu
Page 38 and 39: Totalitarianism and Slavery 25 When
Page 40 and 41: Totalitarianism and Slavery 27 and
Page 42 and 43: Totalitarianism and Slavery 29 grav
Page 44 and 45: Totalitarianism and Slavery 31 ensl
Page 46 and 47: Totalitarianism and Slavery 33 free
Page 48 and 49: Totalitarianism and Slavery 35 an o
Page 50 and 51: Totalitarianism and Slavery 37 flig
Page 52 and 53: Totalitarianism and Slavery 39 Virg
Page 54 and 55:
Totalitarianism and Slavery 41 Robe
Page 56 and 57:
Totalitarianism and Slavery 43 Then
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 45 Maro
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 47 Roch
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 49 plus
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Totalitarianism and Slavery 51 the
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Chapter 2 Forms of Marronage Petit
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Forms of Marronage 55 bondage. Flig
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Forms of Marronage 57 Esteban Deive
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Forms of Marronage 59 context of de
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Forms of Marronage 61 the birds and
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Forms of Marronage 63 Douglass, lik
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Forms of Marronage 65 per cent of t
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Forms of Marronage 67 their settlem
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Forms of Marronage 69 that pregnanc
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Forms of Marronage 71 tury, and the
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Forms of Marronage 73 found that mo
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Forms of Marronage 75 such a persis
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Forms of Marronage 77 Brathwaite 19
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Forms of Marronage 79 The weight of
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Forms of Marronage 81 In 1549 a sma
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Forms of Marronage 83 Of the non-Af
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Forms of Marronage 85 refer to the
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Forms of Marronage 87 of deserters,
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Part 2 Origins and Development of M
Page 104 and 105:
Chapter 3 The Imperative of Freedom
Page 106 and 107:
The Imperative of Freedom 93 ing th
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The Imperative of Freedom 95 Stedma
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The Imperative of Freedom 97 role a
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The Imperative of Freedom 99 Some o
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The Imperative of Freedom 101 and s
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The Imperative of Freedom 103 socie
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The Imperative of Freedom 105 310).
Page 120 and 121:
The Imperative of Freedom 107 ferri
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Chapter 4 Establishment of Maroon C
Page 124 and 125:
Establishment of Maroon Communities
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Figure 7. Jamaica: The Maroon phase
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Figure 8. Route of Miguel Peréz’
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Military Expeditions and Judicial T
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Figure 13. Domingos Jorge Velho and
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Figure 14. A Brazilian capitão do
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Part 3 Maroon Organization Freedom
Page 188 and 189:
Chapter 6 Physical Organization of
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Figure 17. Palmares and vicinity. F
Page 192 and 193:
Physical Organization of Maroon Com
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Figure 22. Locations of caves in Ja
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Figure 23. A Suriname Maroon attire
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Chapter 7 Maroon Government Structu
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Maroon Government 213 lence in thes
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Maroon Government 215 why this was
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Maroon Government 217 but, murder o
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Maroon Government 219 eral states,
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Maroon Government 221 In the Cofre
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Maroon Government 223 of a particul
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Maroon Government 225 395) advances
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Maroon Government 227 freedom was c
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Maroon Government 229 Generally, Ma
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Maroon Government 231 ever saw, who
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http://members.aol.com/fsln/gallery
Page 248 and 249:
Maroon Government 235 “the slaveo
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Maroon Government 237 often contain
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Chapter 8 Maroon Economy Interdepen
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Maroon Economy 241 on plantations a
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Maroon Economy 243 Agriculture The
Page 258 and 259:
Maroon Economy 245 displayed all th
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Maroon Economy 247 treaty that the
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Maroon Economy 249 varieties in the
Page 264 and 265:
Maroon Economy 251 sion. Neverthele
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Maroon Economy 253 (1997, 86), Maro
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Maroon Economy 255 time-consuming p
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Maroon Economy 257 displaying desig
Page 272 and 273:
Maroon Economy 259 of the mines for
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Maroon Economy 261 commercial inter
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Part 4 Accommodation or Revolution
Page 278 and 279:
Chapter 9 Negotiations and Treaties
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Negotiations and Treaties 267 thirt
Page 282 and 283:
Negotiations and Treaties 269 they
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Negotiations and Treaties 271 In hi
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Negotiations and Treaties 273 share
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Negotiations and Treaties 275 tions
Page 290 and 291:
Negotiations and Treaties 277 more
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Negotiations and Treaties 279 some
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Negotiations and Treaties 281 and j
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Negotiations and Treaties 283 In 17
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Negotiations and Treaties 285 littl
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Negotiations and Treaties 287 We th
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Negotiations and Treaties 289 said
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Negotiations and Treaties 291 Palma
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Negotiations and Treaties 293 ment
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Chapter 10 Maroons and Revolutionar
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Maroons and Revolutionary Struggle
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Conclusion I paid my duty To live h
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Conclusion 325 that Maroon depredat
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Conclusion 327 scholars seem to bel
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Conclusion 329 overlooks the lethal
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Notes to pages 38-62 331 before ema
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Notes to pages 72-84 333 8. See als
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Notes to pages 108-125 335 11. See
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Notes to pages 146-164 337 4. Buckl
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Notes to pages 181-194 339 7. Fouch
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Notes to pages 213-224 341 the Whit
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Notes to pages 236-243 343 many of
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Notes to pages 254-272 345 18. On t
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Notes to pages 290-306 347 who, bec
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Bibliography Acosta Saignes, Miguel
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Bibliography 351 Bosnegersamenlevin
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Bibliography 353 Cohen, David and J
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Bibliography 355 Dookhan, Isaac. 19
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Bibliography 357 Antilles du XVII e
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Bibliography 359 Isichei, Elizabeth
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Bibliography 361 Laude, Jean. 1973.
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Bibliography 363 Memmi, Albert. 196
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Bibliography 365 Pérez de Ribas, A
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Bibliography 367 Rueda Mendez, Davi
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Bibliography 369 ———. 1995.
Page 384 and 385:
Index abduction of enslaved persons
Page 386 and 387:
Index 373 tion of, 79; firearms in,
Page 388 and 389:
Index 375 freedom access to, for Bl
Page 390 and 391:
Index 377 fishing and gathering, 24
Page 392 and 393:
Index 379 government of, 218-19 mas
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Index 381 Toussaint Louverture, Fra
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