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60199616-flight-to-freedom-african-runaways-and-maroons-in-the-americas

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262 Flight <strong>to</strong> Freedom<br />

Maroon assaults. The po<strong>in</strong>t is that <strong>the</strong>y established a modus oper<strong>and</strong>i <strong>and</strong><br />

modus vivendi with <strong>the</strong> Maroons that served <strong>the</strong>m well.<br />

Flory (1979, 122) believes that both positive <strong>and</strong> negative <strong>in</strong>teraction with<br />

Maroon economies transcended racial l<strong>in</strong>es, though he emphasizes <strong>the</strong> positive<br />

or cooperative aspects of such <strong>in</strong>teraction. Though he does not articulate<br />

it, he certa<strong>in</strong>ly implies that it was an important medium of transculturation.<br />

He (ibid., 121) even argues, though much more controversially, that “some<br />

Brazilian quilombo economies mirrored <strong>the</strong> White economies from which<br />

<strong>the</strong>y sprang <strong>to</strong> such an extent that it is mislead<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> th<strong>in</strong>k of <strong>the</strong>m as discrete<br />

entities ra<strong>the</strong>r than ‘outlaw’ parts of a s<strong>in</strong>gle economy”.<br />

Part three of this study has clearly shown that, contrary <strong>to</strong> what <strong>the</strong> White<br />

enslavers chose <strong>to</strong> believe, <strong>the</strong> Maroons were capable of high levels of organization,<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir settlements offered a viable alternative <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> slavery system<br />

that dom<strong>in</strong>ated most colonial <strong>and</strong> early post-colonial states <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> region.<br />

Physical security <strong>and</strong> food security occupy important places <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> organization<br />

of all human societies. However, <strong>the</strong>y occupied an <strong>in</strong>ord<strong>in</strong>ate degree of<br />

attention among <strong>the</strong> Maroons, who often lived under conditions of cont<strong>in</strong>uous<br />

warfare that threatened <strong>to</strong> abridge <strong>the</strong>ir hard-fought <strong>freedom</strong> <strong>and</strong> sometimes<br />

<strong>to</strong> divest <strong>the</strong>m of life itself. Overall, <strong>the</strong> Maroons displayed <strong>in</strong>novative<br />

responses <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir environment <strong>and</strong> put <strong>to</strong> good use <strong>the</strong> knowledge that <strong>the</strong>y<br />

had brought with <strong>the</strong>m from Africa, not simply <strong>to</strong> survive but <strong>to</strong> improve <strong>the</strong><br />

quality of <strong>the</strong>ir lives.

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