Pharmacologic Study <strong>of</strong> Some Plant Species from The Brazilian Northeast Raven, P. H., Evert, R. F. & Eichhorn, S. E. (2001). Biologia Vegetal. 6 ed: Guanabara Koogan. Ribeiro, L. R., Silva, A. R., Bautista, A. R., Costa, S. L., Sales, L. A., Rios, A. C. & Salvadori, D. M. (1993). Clastogenic effect <strong>of</strong> extracts obtained from Crotalaria retusa L. <strong>and</strong> Crotalaria mucronata Desv. on mouse bone marrow cells. Mutat Res., 300, 253- 258. Rizzini, C. T. & Mors, W. B. (1976). Botânica econômica brasileira. São Paulo, EPU: Ed. Da Universidade de São Paulo. Rose, A. L., Gardner, C. A., McConnell, J. D. & Bull, L. B. (1957a). Field <strong>and</strong> experimental investigation <strong>of</strong> "walk about" disease <strong>of</strong> horses (Kimberley horse disease) in Northern Australia: Crotalaria poisoning in horses. Aust. Vet. J., 33, 25-33. Rose, A. L., Gardner, C. A., McConnell, J. D. & Bull, L. B. (1957b). Field <strong>and</strong> experimental investigation <strong>of</strong> "walk about" disease <strong>of</strong> horses (Kimberley horse disease) in Northern Australia: Crotalaria poisoning in horses. Aust. Vet. J., 34, 49-62. Salunk, B. K., Kotkar, H. M., Mendki, P. S., Upasani, S. M. & Maheshwari, V. L. (2005). Efficacy <strong>of</strong> flavonoids in controlling Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a post-harvest pest <strong>of</strong> grain legumes. Crop Protection, vol. 24, 888-893. Schenkel, E. P., Gosmann, G. & Athayde, M. L. (2007). Saponinas. In: C. M. O. Simões, E. P. Schenkel, G. Gosmann, J. C. P. Mello, L. A. Mentz, & P. R. Petrovick. (Org.). (Eds.), Farmacognosia: da planta ao medicamento. Porto Alegre/Florianópolis: UFRGS/UFSC, 711-740. Schraufnagel, D. E. (1990). Monocrotaline-induced angiogenesis. Americam journal <strong>of</strong> Pathology, 137(5), 1083-1090. Sehgal, R. & Kumar, V. L. (2005). Calotropis procera Latex-Induced Inflammatory Hyperalgesia-Effect <strong>of</strong> Antiinflammatory Drugs. Mediators <strong>of</strong> Inflammation, 4, 216-220. Setty, S. R., quereshi, A.H., Swamy Viswanath, A. H. M., Patil, T., Prakash, T., Prabhu, K. & Gouda, V. (2007). Fitoterapia, 78, 451-454. Sharma, G. K. (1934). Calotropis procera <strong>and</strong> Calotropis gigantia. Indian Journal <strong>of</strong> Veterinary Sciences, 4, 63-74. Shivkar, Y. M. & Kumar, V. L. (2003). Histamine mediates the proinflammatory effect <strong>of</strong> latex <strong>of</strong> Calotropis procera in rats. Mediators <strong>of</strong> Inflammation, 12(5), 299-302. Silva, T. M. S., Carvalho, M. G. de. & Braz Filho, R. (2002). Estudo químico de Espécies de Solanum (Solanaceae). Tese de Doutorado. Silva, T. M. S., Nascimento, R. J. B., Batista, M. M., Agra, M. F. & Camara, C. A. (2007). Brine shrimp bioassay <strong>of</strong> some species <strong>of</strong> Solanum from Northestern Brazil. Rev. bras. farmacogn., vol. 17, no. 1, João Pessoa Jan./Mar. 2007. Silva, T. M., Batista, M. M., Camara, C. A. & Agra, M. F. (2005). Molluscicidal activity <strong>of</strong> some Brazilian Solanum spp.(Solanaceae) against Biomphalaria glabrata. Ann Trop Med Parasitol., vol. 99, no. 4, 419-25. Simões, C. M. O., Schenkel, E. P., Gosman, G., Mello, J. C. P., Mentz, L. A. & Ros Petrovick, P. (2004). Farmacognosia da planta ao medicamento. 5° ed., Editora da UFRGS/ Editora da UFSC, Porto Alegre/Florianópolis, 1102. 241
242 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Honório Júnior, R.N.D. Cavalcante de Abreu et al. Singh, H., Kumar, S., Dewan, S. & Kumar, V. L. (2000). Inflammation induced by latex <strong>of</strong> Calotropis procera a new model to evaluate anti-inflammatory drugs. Journal <strong>of</strong> Pharmacological <strong>and</strong> Toxicological Methods, 43, 219-224. Soares, P. M., Lima, S. R., Matos, S. G., Andrade, M. M., Patrocinio, M. C., De Freitas, C. D., Ramos, M. V., Criddle, D. N., Cardi, B. A., Carvalho, K. M., Assreuy, A. M. & Vasconcelos, S. M. (2005). Antinoceptive activity<strong>of</strong> Calotropis procera látex in mice. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ethnopharmacology, 99(1), 125-129. Souza, V. C. & Lorenzi, H. (2005). Botânica sistemática: guia ilustrado para identificação das famílias de angiospermas da flora brasileira. Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum. Tepe, J. J. & Williams, R. M. (1999). DNA cross-linking by a phototriggered dehydromonocrotaline progenitor. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, 2951-2955. Thomas, H. C., Lamé, M. W., Dunston, S. K., Segall, H. J. & Wilson, D. W. (1998). Monocrotaline Pyrrole Induces Apoptosis in PulmonaryArtery Endothelial Cells. Toxicology <strong>and</strong> Applied Pharmacology, 151, 236-244. Thomas, H. C., Lamé, M. W., Wilson, D. W. & Segall, H. J. (1996). Cell cycle alterations associated with covalent binding <strong>of</strong> monocrotaline pyrrole to pulmonary artery endothelial cell DNA. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 141(1), 319-29. Thomson, R. G. (1990). Patologia Veterinária Especial. Manole, São Paulo, 291. Tokarnia, C. H., Döbereiner, J. & Peixoto, P. V. (2000). Plantas experimentalmente tóxicas para bovinos, porém incerto se de interesse pecuário. In: _______, (ed.) Plantas Tóxicas do Brasil. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Helianthus, 240-242. Turolla, M. S. dos R. & Nascimento, E. de S. Informações toxicológicas de alguns fitoterápicos utilizados no Brasil. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm, vol. 42, no. 2, São Paulo, Apr./June 2006. Wallace, K. B. & Starkov, A. A. (2000). Mitochondrial targets <strong>of</strong> drug toxicity. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 40, 353-388. Williams, M. C. & Molyneux, R. J. (1987). Occurrence, concentration <strong>and</strong> toxicity <strong>of</strong> pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Crotalaria seeds. Weed Science, 35, 476-481. Winter, H., Seawright, A. A., Mattocks, A. R., Jukes, R., Tshewang, A. R. & Gurung, B. J. (1990). Pirrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in yaks. First report <strong>and</strong> confirmation by identification <strong>of</strong> sulphurbound pyrrolic metabolites <strong>of</strong> the alkaloids in preserved liver tissue. Aust. Vet. J., 67, 411-412. World Health Organization – WHO. (1993). Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Research Guidelines for Evaluating the Safety <strong>and</strong> Efficacy <strong>of</strong> Herbal Medicines. Manila. Yan, C. C. & Huxtable, R. J. (1995). The effect <strong>of</strong> the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, monocrotaline <strong>and</strong> tricodesmine, on tissue pyrrole binding <strong>and</strong> glutathione metabolism in the rat. Toxicon, vol. 33, 627-634.
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BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, INDUS
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Industrial Biotechnology Shara L. A
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Copyright © 2009 by Nova Science P
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viii Contents Chapter 8 Pharmacolog
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x Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Ibañ
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xii Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Iba
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xiv Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Iba
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In: Medicinal Plants: Classificatio
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Biological Effects of -Carotene acy
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Biological Effects of -Carotene cry
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50 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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52 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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54 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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56 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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58 [2] Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara S
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60 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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62 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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70 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Trevis. Mi
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74 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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76 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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PNEUMONOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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80 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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98 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and And
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118 HO HO HO HO HO HO OH OH M e Me
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120 Me Me OH Me O OH O O OH H Me OH
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138 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
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140 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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142 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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144 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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146 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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148 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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150 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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152 6.4. Antibacterial Effects Hua-
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154 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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156 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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158 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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160 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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162 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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164 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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166 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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168 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
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170 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
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172 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
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Origins Targets Neisseria meningiti
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316 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
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318 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
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320 2.7. General Toxicity Tests Phi
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332 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
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334 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
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336 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
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338 age-related macular degeneratio
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340 B lymphocytes, 7 babies, 60, 62
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342 cell surface, 229 cellular adhe
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344 cultivation, 75, 76, 83, 85, 14
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346 embryonic stem cells, 47 emotio
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348 gas, xiii, 21, 104, 131, 145, 1
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350 high-performance liquid chromat
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352 institutions, 84 instruments, 2
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354 lung, ix, 1, 6, 16, 17, 22, 23,
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356 mucosa, x, 2, 19, 97, 98, 99, 1
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358 oxidative, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13,
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360 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 10
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362 Reserpine, 328 reservation, 143
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364 SPT, 135 squamous cell carcinom
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366 transcription, 8, 35, 152 trans