Quality Control <strong>of</strong> Polysaccharides from <strong>Medicinal</strong> <strong>Plants</strong> <strong>and</strong> Fungi [103] Surenjav, U; Zhang, LN; Xu, XJ; Zhang, XF; Zeng, FB. Effects <strong>of</strong> molecular structure on antitumor activities <strong>of</strong> (1→3)-β-D-glucans from different Lentinus Edodes. Carbohydr. Polym., 2006, 63, 97–104. [104] Wang, Q; Huang, X; Nakamura, A; Burchard, W; Hallett, FR. Molecular characterisation <strong>of</strong> soybean polysaccharides: an approach by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic <strong>and</strong> static light scattering methods. Carbohydr. Res., 2005, 340, 2637–2644. [105] Wang, YF; Zhang, M; Ruan, D; Shashkov, AS; Kilcoyne, M; Savage, AV; Zhang, LN. Chemical components <strong>and</strong> molecular mass <strong>of</strong> six polysaccharides isolated from the sclerotium <strong>of</strong> Poria cocos. Carbohydr. Res., 2004, 339, 327–334. [106] Cordeiro, LMC; Stocker-Worgotter, E; Gorin, PAJ; Iacomini, M. Elucidation <strong>of</strong> polysaccharide origin in Ramalina peruviana symbiosis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 2004, 238, 79–84. [107] D‘Ambra, AJ; Baugher, JE; Concannon, PE; Pon, RA; Michon, F. Direct <strong>and</strong> Indirect Methods for Molar-Mass Analysis <strong>of</strong> Fragments <strong>of</strong> the Capsular Polysaccharide <strong>of</strong> Haemophilus influenzae Type b. Anal. Biochem., 1997, 250, 228–236. [108] Hennessey, JPJ; Bednar, B; Manam, V. Molecular Size Analysis <strong>of</strong> Haemophilus influenzae Type B Capsular Polysaccharide. J. Liq. Chromatogr, 1993, 16, 1715–1729. [109] Bednar, B; Hennessey, JPJ. Molecular size analysis <strong>of</strong> capsular polysaccharide. preparations from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Carbohydr. Res., 1993, 243, 115–130. [110] Harvey, DJ. Protein <strong>and</strong> polymeranalysis up to m/z 100.000 by laser ionisation time-<strong>of</strong>flight mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 720, 429–446. [111] Harvey, DJ. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry <strong>of</strong> carbohydrates. Mass Spectrom. Re., 1999, 18, 349–451. [112] Yeung, B; Marecak, D. Molecular weight determination <strong>of</strong> hyaluronic acid by gel filtration chromatography coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 852, 573–581. [113] Jacobs, A; Dahlman, O. Characterization <strong>of</strong> themolar masses <strong>of</strong> hemicelluloses from wood <strong>and</strong> pulpsemploying size exclusion chromatography <strong>and</strong> matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-<strong>of</strong>-flight massspectrometry. Biomacromolecules, 2001, 2, 894–905. [114] Wittgren, B; Wahlund, KG. Fast molecular mass <strong>and</strong> size characterization <strong>of</strong> polysaccharides using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation-multiangle light scattering. J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 760, 205–218. [115] Picton, L; Bataille, I; Muller, G. Analysis <strong>of</strong> a complex polysaccharide (gum arabic) by multi-angle laser light scattering coupled on-line to size exclusion chromatography <strong>and</strong> flow field flow fractionation. Carbohydr. Polym., 2000, 42, 23–31. [116] Roger, P; Baud, B; Colonna, P. Characterization <strong>of</strong> starch polysaccharides by flow field-flow fractionation–multi-angle laser light scattering–differential refractometer index. J. Chromatogr. A, 2001, 917, 179–185. [117] Benincasa, MA; Cartoni, G; Fratte, CD. Flow field-flow fractionation <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> ionic <strong>and</strong> neutral polysaccharides <strong>of</strong> vegetable <strong>and</strong> microbial origin. J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 967, 219–234. 303
304 Jia Guan <strong>and</strong> Shao-Ping Li [118] Yang, XP; Guo, DY; Zhang, JM; Wu MC., Characterization <strong>and</strong> antitumor activity <strong>of</strong> pollen polysaccharide. Int. Immunopharmacol, 2007, 7, 427–434. [119] Lo, TCT; Kang, MW; Wang , BC; Chang, CA., Glycosyl linkage characteristics <strong>and</strong> classifications <strong>of</strong> exo-polysaccharides <strong>of</strong> some regionally different strains <strong>of</strong> Lentinula edodes by amplified fragment length polymorphism assay <strong>and</strong> cluster analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, 592, 146–153. [120] Bendahou, A; Dufresne, A; Kaddami, H; Habibi, Y. Isolation <strong>and</strong> structural characterization <strong>of</strong> hemicelluloses from palm <strong>of</strong> Phoenix dactylifera L.. Carbohydr. Polym., 2007, 68, 601–608. [121] Petkowicz, CLO; Schaefer, S; Reicher, F. The mannan from Schizolobium parahybae endosperm is not a reserve polysaccharide. Carbohydr. Polym., 2007, 69, 659–664. [122] Tao, YZ; Zhang, LN. Determination <strong>of</strong> Molecular Size <strong>and</strong> Shape <strong>of</strong> Hyperbranched Polysaccharide in Solution. Biopolymers, 2006, 83, 414–423. [123] Kim, YO; Park, HW; Kim, JH; Lee, JY; Moon, SH; Shin, CS. Anti-cancer effect <strong>and</strong> structural characterization <strong>of</strong> endo-polysaccharide from cultivated mycelia <strong>of</strong> Inonotus obliquus. Life Sci., 2006, 79, 72–80. [124] M‘sakni, NH; Majdoub, H; Roudesli, S; Picton, L; Cerf, DL; Rihouey, C; Morvan, C. Composition, structure <strong>and</strong> solution properties <strong>of</strong> polysaccharides extracted from leaves <strong>of</strong> Mesembryanthenum crystallinum. Eur. Polym. J., 2006, 42, 786–795. [125] Andriamanantoanina, H; Chambat, G; Rinaudo, M., Fractionation <strong>of</strong> extracted Madagascan Gracilaria corticata polysaccharides: Structure <strong>and</strong> properties. Carbohydr. Polym., 2007, 68, 77–88. [126] Yang, B; Wang, JS; Zhao, MM; Liu, Y; Wang, W; Jiang, YM. Identification <strong>of</strong> polysaccharides from pericarp tissues <strong>of</strong> litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit in relation to their antioxidant activities. Carbohydr. Res., 2006, 341, 634–638. [127] Hsieh, C; Tseng, MH; Liu, CJ. Production <strong>of</strong> polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (CCRC 36041) under limitations <strong>of</strong> nutrients. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2006, 38, 109–117. [128] Cozzolino, R; Malvagna, P; Spina, E; Giori, A; Fuzzati, N; Anelli, A; Garozzo, D; Impallomeni, G. Structural analysis <strong>of</strong> the polysaccharides from Echinacea angustifolia radix. Carbohydr. Polym., 2006, 65, 263–272. [129] Sims, IM; Newman, RH. Structural studies <strong>of</strong> acidic xylans exuded from leaves <strong>of</strong> the monocotyledonous plants Phormium tenax <strong>and</strong> Phormium cookianum. Carbohydr. Polym., 2006, 63, 379–384. [130] Beltrána, O; Pinto, GL; Martínez, M; Picton, L; Cozic, C; Cerf, D; Muller, G. Fractionation <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> gum from Acacia tortuosa. Effect <strong>of</strong> enzymatic <strong>and</strong> alkaline treatments. Carbohydr. Polym., 2005, 62, 239–244. [131] Warr<strong>and</strong>, J; Michaud, P; Picton, L; Muller, G; Courtois, B; Ralainirina, R; Courtois, J. Structural investigations <strong>of</strong> the neutral polysaccharide <strong>of</strong> Linum usitatissimum L. seeds mucilage. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2005, 35, 121–125. [132] Lai, LS; Yang, DH. Rheological properties <strong>of</strong> the hot-water extracted polysaccharides in Ling-Zhi (Ganoderma lucidum). Food Hydrocolloid, 2007, 21, 739–746. [133] Shiga, TM; Lajolo FM. Cell wall polysaccharides <strong>of</strong> common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)—composition <strong>and</strong> structure. Carbohydr. Polym., 2006, 63, 1–12.
- Page 2 and 3:
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, INDUS
- Page 4:
Industrial Biotechnology Shara L. A
- Page 7 and 8:
Copyright © 2009 by Nova Science P
- Page 9 and 10:
viii Contents Chapter 8 Pharmacolog
- Page 11 and 12:
x Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Ibañ
- Page 13 and 14:
xii Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Iba
- Page 15 and 16:
xiv Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Iba
- Page 18 and 19:
In: Medicinal Plants: Classificatio
- Page 20 and 21:
Biological Effects of -Carotene acy
- Page 22 and 23:
Biological Effects of -Carotene cry
- Page 24 and 25:
Biological Effects of -Carotene ris
- Page 26 and 27:
Biological Effects of -Carotene Whe
- Page 28 and 29:
Biological Effects of -Carotene fla
- Page 30 and 31:
Biological Effects of -Carotene Pre
- Page 32 and 33:
Biological Effects of -Carotene A (
- Page 34 and 35:
Biological Effects of -Carotene As
- Page 36 and 37:
Biological Effects of -Carotene car
- Page 38 and 39:
Biological Effects of -Carotene res
- Page 40 and 41:
Biological Effects of -Carotene the
- Page 42 and 43:
Biological Effects of -Carotene cat
- Page 44 and 45:
Biological Effects of -Carotene mos
- Page 46 and 47:
Biological Effects of -Carotene dia
- Page 48 and 49:
Biological Effects of -Carotene veg
- Page 50 and 51:
Biological Effects of -Carotene .Su
- Page 52 and 53:
Biological Effects of -Carotene Bat
- Page 54 and 55:
Biological Effects of -Carotene Dah
- Page 56 and 57:
Biological Effects of -Carotene Hal
- Page 58 and 59:
Biological Effects of -Carotene Kva
- Page 60 and 61:
Biological Effects of -Carotene Osh
- Page 62 and 63:
Biological Effects of -Carotene San
- Page 64:
Biological Effects of -Carotene Van
- Page 67 and 68:
50 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 69 and 70:
52 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 71 and 72:
54 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 73 and 74:
56 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 75 and 76:
58 [2] Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara S
- Page 77 and 78:
60 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 79 and 80:
62 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 81 and 82:
64 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 83 and 84:
66 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 85 and 86:
68 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 87 and 88:
70 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 89 and 90:
Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Trevis. Mi
- Page 91 and 92:
74 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 93 and 94:
76 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 95 and 96:
PNEUMONOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
- Page 97 and 98:
80 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 99 and 100:
82 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 101 and 102:
84 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 103 and 104:
86 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 105 and 106:
88 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 107 and 108:
90 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 109 and 110:
92 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 111 and 112:
94 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 113 and 114:
96 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 115 and 116:
98 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and And
- Page 117 and 118:
100 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 119 and 120:
102 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 121 and 122:
104 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 123 and 124:
106 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 125 and 126:
108 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 127 and 128:
110 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 129 and 130:
112 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 131 and 132:
114 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 133 and 134:
116 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 135 and 136:
118 HO HO HO HO HO HO OH OH M e Me
- Page 137 and 138:
120 Me Me OH Me O OH O O OH H Me OH
- Page 139 and 140:
122 HO HO HO Aracely E. Chávez-Pi
- Page 141 and 142:
124 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 143 and 144:
126 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 145 and 146:
128 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 147 and 148:
130 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 149 and 150:
132 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 151 and 152:
134 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 153 and 154:
136 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 155 and 156:
138 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 157 and 158:
140 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 159 and 160:
142 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 161 and 162:
144 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 163 and 164:
146 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 165 and 166:
148 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 167 and 168:
150 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 169 and 170:
152 6.4. Antibacterial Effects Hua-
- Page 171 and 172:
154 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 173 and 174:
156 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 175 and 176:
158 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 177 and 178:
160 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 179 and 180:
162 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 181 and 182:
164 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 183 and 184:
166 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 185 and 186:
168 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 187 and 188:
170 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 189 and 190:
172 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 191 and 192:
174 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 193 and 194:
176 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 195 and 196:
178 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 197 and 198:
180 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 199 and 200:
182 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 201 and 202:
184 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 203 and 204:
186 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 206 and 207:
In: Medicinal Plants: Classificatio
- Page 208 and 209:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 210 and 211:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 212 and 213:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 214 and 215:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 216 and 217:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 218:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 221 and 222:
204 Chien-Yi Chen Ligusticum chuanx
- Page 223 and 224:
206 Chien-Yi Chen (IAEA 336), also
- Page 225 and 226:
208 Chien-Yi Chen 4. Results and Di
- Page 227 and 228:
210 4.3. Fresh Leaves and Stems Chi
- Page 229 and 230:
212 Chien-Yi Chen collected from na
- Page 231 and 232:
214 Chien-Yi Chen primary enzyme in
- Page 233 and 234:
216 Chien-Yi Chen [20] Liu SM, Chun
- Page 235 and 236:
218 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 237 and 238:
220 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 239 and 240:
222 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 241 and 242:
224 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 243 and 244:
226 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 245 and 246:
228 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 247 and 248:
230 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 249 and 250:
232 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 251 and 252:
234 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 253 and 254:
236 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 255 and 256:
238 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 257 and 258:
240 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 259 and 260:
242 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 261 and 262:
244 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 263 and 264:
246 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 265 and 266:
248 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 267 and 268:
250 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 269 and 270: 252 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 271 and 272: 254 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 273 and 274: 256 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Keyword
- Page 275 and 276: 258 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn No addi
- Page 277 and 278: 260 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn The rob
- Page 279 and 280: 262 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Validat
- Page 281 and 282: 264 Naphthodianthrones C.W. Huck an
- Page 283 and 284: 266 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Figure
- Page 285 and 286: 268 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Figure
- Page 287 and 288: 270 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn hierarc
- Page 289 and 290: 272 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn [17] Hu
- Page 292 and 293: In: Medicinal Plants Classification
- Page 294 and 295: What is the Future of Phytotherapy?
- Page 296 and 297: In: Medicinal Plants Classification
- Page 298 and 299: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 300 and 301: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 302 and 303: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 304 and 305: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 306 and 307: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 308 and 309: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 310 and 311: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 312 and 313: Origins Targets Neisseria meningiti
- Page 314 and 315: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 316 and 317: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 318 and 319: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 322 and 323: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 324 and 325: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 326 and 327: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 328 and 329: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 330: Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 333 and 334: 316 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 335 and 336: 318 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 337 and 338: 320 2.7. General Toxicity Tests Phi
- Page 339 and 340: 322 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 341 and 342: 324 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 343 and 344: 326 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 345 and 346: 328 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 347 and 348: 330 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 349 and 350: 332 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 351 and 352: 334 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 353 and 354: 336 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 355 and 356: 338 age-related macular degeneratio
- Page 357 and 358: 340 B lymphocytes, 7 babies, 60, 62
- Page 359 and 360: 342 cell surface, 229 cellular adhe
- Page 361 and 362: 344 cultivation, 75, 76, 83, 85, 14
- Page 363 and 364: 346 embryonic stem cells, 47 emotio
- Page 365 and 366: 348 gas, xiii, 21, 104, 131, 145, 1
- Page 367 and 368: 350 high-performance liquid chromat
- Page 369 and 370: 352 institutions, 84 instruments, 2
- Page 371 and 372:
354 lung, ix, 1, 6, 16, 17, 22, 23,
- Page 373 and 374:
356 mucosa, x, 2, 19, 97, 98, 99, 1
- Page 375 and 376:
358 oxidative, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13,
- Page 377 and 378:
360 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 10
- Page 379 and 380:
362 Reserpine, 328 reservation, 143
- Page 381 and 382:
364 SPT, 135 squamous cell carcinom
- Page 383 and 384:
366 transcription, 8, 35, 152 trans