Medicinal Plants Classification Biosynthesis and ... - Index of

Ethnobotany and Experimental Pharmacology of Echinodorus Grandiflorus
impeding the invasion of the air cavities of the aerenchyma for the water. The soluble
fraction would be already related to the defense against herbivory in the submerged portion
of the petioles.
Chemical Constituents
They were identified in the leaves of E. grandiflorus:
1) FATTY ACIDS: linolenic acid and dodecanoic acid (TANAKA, 2000); palmitic acid
(PIMENTA, 2002).
2) TERPENOIDS
Essential oils: linalool, dihydroedulan, trans-caryophyllene, alpha humulene, Efarnesene,
beta selinene, alpha farnesene, delta cadinene, E-nerolidol, caryophyllene
oxide, humulene epoxide, bisabolone, drimenol, neocembrene, echinoic acid,
cembranoid, phytol (PIMENTA et al., 2006).
Diterpenoids: echinodol (MANS and HARTMANNS, 1993), echinoic acid
(TANAKA et al., 1997), phytol, hardwikiic acid, (-) 15-etoxicleroda 3 acid, 13-dien
- 15,16-olide-18-óic, acid (-) - (16)-hidróxi-cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide-18 - oic
(COSTA et al., 1999, TANAKA, 2000), acid (-) -15 hidroxicleroda-3,13 - dien-
16,15-olide-18-oic, acid (-) -cleroda-3,13(16),14-trien-18-oic (TANAKA, 2000),
chapecoderins A, B and C (KOBAYASHI et al., 2000c), echinodolides A and B
(SHIGEMORI et al., 2002), solidagolactona-I (PIMENTA, 2002).
3) STEROIDS: 24-etilcolest-4-en-3,6-dion; 3ß-the-ß-D-glicopiranosil sitosterol
(TANAKA, 2000); campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol (PIMENTA, 2002).
4) FENOLIC ACIDS: acid caffeic, acid ferulic and acid isoferulic (PIMENTA, 2002).
5) FLAVONOIDS: isoorientin, swertisin and isovitexin (PIMENTA, 2002;
SCHNITZLER et al., 2004), swertiajaponin, and isoorientin-7,3'-dimetil-ether
(SCHNITZLER et al., 2004).
6) ALKALOIDS: echinofillins A, B, C, D, F (KOBAYASHI et al., 2000°;
KOBAYASHI et al., 2000b).
7) DERIVED OF THE TARTARIC ACID: acids caftaric, chicoric, cafeoil tartaric
feruloil, 2-the-feruloil tartaric and tartaric di-feruloil (SCHNITZLER et al., 2004).
Ethnopharmacology
The parts of E. grandiflorus used for the treatment of several illnesses they are the leaves
and the rhizomes. The use of the leaves is mentioned in FARMACOPÉIA DOS ESTADOS
UNIDOS DO BRASIL (1926, 1959); in Coimbra (1994), Corrêa Júnior et al. (1994), Teske
and Trentini (1995), Nogueira (2000), Almança and Carvalho (2003). The use of the
rhizomes was mentioned by Corrêa (1984), Lorenzi and Matos (2002) and Dutra et al.
(2006).
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