Medicinal Plants Classification Biosynthesis and ... - Index of

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Non-Invasive Near Infrared Spectroscopic Techniques for the Characterization... Ch Charge 34 22 11 2 42 4.2. St. John´s Wort Table 1. Validation and results of real samples HPLCvalue: (ng/µl) 0.219 0.222 0.197 0.210 0.245 NIR-value: (ng/µl) 0.219 0.210 0.230 0.186 0.193 % H2O 80.38 80.83 80.25 81.33 79.69 % EtOH 15.7 15.2 15.7 14.5 15.7 St. John´s Wort extract is used for treatment of skin injuries, burns, neuralgia, for its bactiostatic/bacteriocide activity and as a treatment for mild to moderate depression [21-27]. Hypericin and hyperforin are discussed as being the active antidepressant components in Hypericum perforatum L. extracts, although it is still unclear how and why St. John´s Wort extract works as an antidepressant [28-33]. It is commonly known that the extract acts as a mild monoamine oxidase inhibitor and a strong serotonine reuptake inhibitor [34]. Hypericin and hyperforin act as standards in the phytopharmaceutical industry. They are the main representatives of the naphtodianthrone group. The lower concentrated cyclopseudohypericine might be synthesized out of pseudohypericin [35]. Beyond the main representatives of the phloroglucine derivative hyperforin, presence of isohypericin, desmethylpseudohypericin, hypericodehydrodianthrone, pseudohypericodehydrodianthrone and skyrin exist [37-39] (Figure 6). Several analytical procedures have been established including UV-spectroscopy [40], fluorescence microscopy [41], thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [43-45], liquid chromatography (LC) [46-50], LC coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [51] and capillary electrophoresis [52]. Special sample pre-treatment procedures include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) has been worked out [51]. As all these methods are extremely time-consuming and peak-tailing effects in LC make quantitative determinations difficult, NIRS offers a fast alternative for the simultaneous quantitation of naphthodianthrones and phloroglucines. Prior to analysis of spectra via NIRS a reference method based on LC, LC-MS and CE must be established to enable quantitation of hyperforin and hypericin [53]. Optimisation of LC parameters finally allowed analysing naphthodiantrones and phloroglucines in one single run (Figure 7). 263
264 Naphthodianthrones C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Hypericin Protohypericin Pseudohypericin Protopseudohypericin Cyclopseudohypericin Phloroglucines Hyperforin Adhyperforin Figure 6. Structural formulae of the most important naphthodianthrones and phloroglucines in St. John´s Wort
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BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, INDUS
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Industrial Biotechnology Shara L. A
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Copyright © 2009 by Nova Science P
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viii Contents Chapter 8 Pharmacolog
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x Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Ibañ
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xii Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Iba
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xiv Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Iba
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In: Medicinal Plants: Classificatio
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Biological Effects of -Carotene acy
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Biological Effects of -Carotene cry
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Biological Effects of -Carotene ris
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Biological Effects of -Carotene Whe
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Biological Effects of -Carotene fla
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Biological Effects of -Carotene Pre
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Biological Effects of -Carotene A (
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Biological Effects of -Carotene As
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Biological Effects of -Carotene car
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Biological Effects of -Carotene res
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Biological Effects of -Carotene the
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Biological Effects of -Carotene cat
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Biological Effects of -Carotene mos
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Biological Effects of -Carotene dia
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Biological Effects of -Carotene veg
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Biological Effects of -Carotene .Su
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Biological Effects of -Carotene Bat
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Biological Effects of -Carotene Dah
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Biological Effects of -Carotene Hal
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Biological Effects of -Carotene Kva
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Biological Effects of -Carotene Osh
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Biological Effects of -Carotene San
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Biological Effects of -Carotene Van
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50 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
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58 [2] Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara S
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Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Trevis. Mi
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PNEUMONOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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98 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and And
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100 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
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118 HO HO HO HO HO HO OH OH M e Me
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120 Me Me OH Me O OH O O OH H Me OH
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122 HO HO HO Aracely E. Chávez-Pi
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140 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
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152 6.4. Antibacterial Effects Hua-
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168 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
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In: Medicinal Plants: Classificatio
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Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
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204 Chien-Yi Chen Ligusticum chuanx
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206 Chien-Yi Chen (IAEA 336), also
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208 Chien-Yi Chen 4. Results and Di
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210 4.3. Fresh Leaves and Stems Chi
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Quality Control of Polysaccharides
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316 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
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320 2.7. General Toxicity Tests Phi
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338 age-related macular degeneratio
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340 B lymphocytes, 7 babies, 60, 62
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342 cell surface, 229 cellular adhe
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344 cultivation, 75, 76, 83, 85, 14
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346 embryonic stem cells, 47 emotio
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348 gas, xiii, 21, 104, 131, 145, 1
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350 high-performance liquid chromat
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352 institutions, 84 instruments, 2
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354 lung, ix, 1, 6, 16, 17, 22, 23,
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356 mucosa, x, 2, 19, 97, 98, 99, 1
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358 oxidative, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13,
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360 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 10
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362 Reserpine, 328 reservation, 143
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364 SPT, 135 squamous cell carcinom
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366 transcription, 8, 35, 152 trans
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