Biological Effects <strong>of</strong> -Carotene Halliwel1, B. Oxygen Radicals <strong>and</strong> Tissue Injury, pp.1-148, Federation <strong>of</strong> American Societies for Experimental Biology, Betliesda, Maryl<strong>and</strong>, 1988. H<strong>and</strong>elman, GJ. The evolving role <strong>of</strong> carotenoids in human biochemistry. Nutrition, 2001, 17, 818-822. Harang, B. Composition having tanning <strong>and</strong> photoprotective activity, <strong>and</strong> its cosmetic applications. Official Gazette <strong>of</strong> the United States Patent <strong>and</strong> Trademark Office Patents, 2000, 1237(5). Hazuka, MB; Edwards-Prasad, J; Newman, F; Kinzie, JJ; Prasad, KN. β-Carotene induces morphological differentiation <strong>and</strong> decreases adenylate cyclase activity in melanoma cell culture. J Am Coll Nut, 1990, 9, 143-149. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group MRC/BHF. Heart Protection Study <strong>of</strong> antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a r<strong>and</strong>omised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 2002, 360, 23–33. Hecht, SS. Cigarette smoking <strong>and</strong> lung cancer: chemical mechanisms <strong>and</strong> approaches to prevention. Lancet Oncol, 2002, 3, 461-469. Hennekens, CH; Buring, JE; Manson, JE. Lack <strong>of</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence <strong>of</strong> malignant neoplasms <strong>and</strong> cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med., 1996, 334, 1145-1149. Hercberg, S; Galan, P; Preziosi, P; Bertrais, S; Mennen, L; Malvy, D. The SU.VI.MAX Study: a r<strong>and</strong>omized, placebo-controlled trial <strong>of</strong> the health effects <strong>of</strong> antioxidant vitamins <strong>and</strong> minerals. Arch Intern Med., 2004, 164, 2335-2342. Herraiz, LA; Hsieh, WC; Parker, RS. Effect <strong>of</strong> UV exposure <strong>and</strong> β-carotene supplementation on delayed-type hypersensitivity response in healthy older men. J Am Coll Nutr., 1998, 17, 617-624. Herbert, V. The value <strong>of</strong> antioxidant supplements vs their natural counterparts. J Am Diet Assoc, 1997, 97, 375-376. Honarbakhsh, S; Schachter, M. Vitamins <strong>and</strong> cardiovascular disease. Br J Nutr., 2008, 1. 1-19. Huang, HY; Caballero, B; Chang, S. The efficacy <strong>and</strong> safety <strong>of</strong> multivitamin <strong>and</strong> mineral supplement use to prevent cancer <strong>and</strong> chronic disease in adults: a systematic review for a National Institutes <strong>of</strong> Health state-<strong>of</strong>-the-science conference. Ann Intern Med., 2006, 145, 372-385. Humphrey, JH; Agoestina, T; Wu, L. Impact <strong>of</strong> neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant morbidity <strong>and</strong> mortality. J Pediatr, 1996, 28, 489-496. IARC. H<strong>and</strong>book on Cancer Prevention.Vol 2: Carotenoids,vol 2, IARC, Lyon Iftikhar S, Lietz H, Mobarhan S, Frommel TO. 1996. In vitro β-carotene toxicity for human colon cancer cells. Nutr. Cancer, 1998, 25 221-230. Isler O. 1971. Carotenoids. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel. Iftikhar, S; Lietz, H; Mobarhan, S; Frommel, TO. In vitro β-carotene toxicity for human colon cancer cells. Nutr. Cancer, 1996, 25, 221-230. Imamura, T; B<strong>and</strong>o, N; Yamanishi, R. β-Carotene modulates the immunological function <strong>of</strong> RAW264, a murine macrophage cell line, by enhancing the level <strong>of</strong> intracellular glutathione. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2006, 70, 2112–2120. Jacobson, MD. Reactive oxygen species <strong>and</strong> programmed cell death. TIBS, 1996, 21, 83–86. 39
40 Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez, Adriana Maria Neira Gonzalez et al. Kane, DJ; Sarafian, TA; Anton, R; Hahn, H; Butler, Gralla, E; Selverstone, VJ; Bredesen, D. Bcl-2 inhibition <strong>of</strong> neural death: decreased generation <strong>of</strong> reactive oxygen species. Science, 1993. E, 262, 1274-1277. Kaplan, M; Aviram, M. Oxidized low density lipoprotein: atherogenic <strong>and</strong> proinflammatory characteristics during macrophage foam cell formation. An inhibitory role <strong>of</strong> nutritional antioxidants <strong>and</strong> serum paraoxonase. Clin Chem Lab Med., 1999, 37, 777-787. Keefe, KA; Schell, MJ; Brewer, C; McHale, M; Brewster, W; Chapman, JA; Rose, SR; McMeeken, DS; Lagerberg, W; Peng, Y; Wilczynski, SP; Anton-Culver, H; Meyskens, FL; Berman, ML. A r<strong>and</strong>omized, double blind, Phase III trial using oral beta-carotene supplementation for women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer Epid Biomar Prev., 2001, 10, 1029-1035. Kennedy, E; Meyers, L; Layden, W. The 1995 dietary guidelines for Americans: an overview. J Am Diet Assoc., 1996, 96, 234-237. Khachik, F; Beecher, GR; Goli, M; Lusby, WR. Separation, identification <strong>and</strong> quantification <strong>of</strong> carotenoids in fruits, vegetables <strong>and</strong> human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. Pure Appl Chem., 1991, 63, 71-80. Khachik, F; Carvalho, L; Bernstein, PS; Muir, GJ; Zhao, DY; Katz, NB. Chemistry, distribution, <strong>and</strong> metabolism <strong>of</strong> tomato carotenoids <strong>and</strong> their impact on human health. Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2002, 227, 845-851. Khuri, FR; Lippman, SM; Spitz, MR; Lotan, R; Hong, WK. Molecular epidemiology <strong>and</strong> retinoid chemoprevention <strong>of</strong> head <strong>and</strong> neck cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst., 1997, 89, 199-211. Klemm, RWD; Labrique, AB; Christian, P; Rashid, M; Shamim, AA; Katz, J; Sommer, A; West, KP. Newborn Vitamin A Supplementation Reduced Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh. Pediatrics, 2008, 122, e242–e250 Knekt, P; Reunanen, A; Jearvinen, R. Antioxidant vitamin intake <strong>and</strong> coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study. Am J Epidemiol, 1994, 139, 1180-1189. Knekt, P; Kumpulainen, J; Jarvinen, R; Rissanen, H; Heliovaara, M; Reunanen, A. Flavonoid intake <strong>and</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> chronic diseases. Am J Clin Nutr., 2002, 76, 560-568. Knudsen, VK; Rasmussen, LB; Haraldsdottir, J; Ovesen, L; Bulow, I; Knudsen, N. Use <strong>of</strong> dietary supplements in Denmark is associated with health <strong>and</strong> former smoking. Public Health Nutr., 2002, 5, 463-468. Krinsky, NI; Deneke, SM. Interaction <strong>of</strong> oxygen <strong>and</strong> oxyradicals with carotenoids. J Natl Cancer Inst., 1982, 69, 205-210. Krinsky, NI; Mayne, ST; Sies, H. Carotenoids in health <strong>and</strong> disease. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA. 2002. Krinsky, NI; Johnson, EJ. Carotenoid actions <strong>and</strong> their relation to health <strong>and</strong> disease. Mol Aspects Med., 2005, 26, 459-516. Kowluru, RA; Kanwar, M; Chan, PS; Zhang, JP. Inhibition <strong>of</strong> retinopathy <strong>and</strong> retinal metabolic abnormalities in diabetic rats with AREDS-based micronutrients. Arch Ophthalmol, 2008, 126, 1266-1272. Kubo, A; Corley, DA. Meta-analysis <strong>of</strong> antioxidant intake <strong>and</strong> the risk <strong>of</strong> esophageal <strong>and</strong> gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007, 102, 2323-2330.
- Page 2 and 3:
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, INDUS
- Page 4:
Industrial Biotechnology Shara L. A
- Page 7 and 8: Copyright © 2009 by Nova Science P
- Page 9 and 10: viii Contents Chapter 8 Pharmacolog
- Page 11 and 12: x Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Ibañ
- Page 13 and 14: xii Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Iba
- Page 15 and 16: xiv Alejandro Varela and Jasiah Iba
- Page 18 and 19: In: Medicinal Plants: Classificatio
- Page 20 and 21: Biological Effects of -Carotene acy
- Page 22 and 23: Biological Effects of -Carotene cry
- Page 24 and 25: Biological Effects of -Carotene ris
- Page 26 and 27: Biological Effects of -Carotene Whe
- Page 28 and 29: Biological Effects of -Carotene fla
- Page 30 and 31: Biological Effects of -Carotene Pre
- Page 32 and 33: Biological Effects of -Carotene A (
- Page 34 and 35: Biological Effects of -Carotene As
- Page 36 and 37: Biological Effects of -Carotene car
- Page 38 and 39: Biological Effects of -Carotene res
- Page 40 and 41: Biological Effects of -Carotene the
- Page 42 and 43: Biological Effects of -Carotene cat
- Page 44 and 45: Biological Effects of -Carotene mos
- Page 46 and 47: Biological Effects of -Carotene dia
- Page 48 and 49: Biological Effects of -Carotene veg
- Page 50 and 51: Biological Effects of -Carotene .Su
- Page 52 and 53: Biological Effects of -Carotene Bat
- Page 54 and 55: Biological Effects of -Carotene Dah
- Page 58 and 59: Biological Effects of -Carotene Kva
- Page 60 and 61: Biological Effects of -Carotene Osh
- Page 62 and 63: Biological Effects of -Carotene San
- Page 64: Biological Effects of -Carotene Van
- Page 67 and 68: 50 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 69 and 70: 52 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 71 and 72: 54 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 73 and 74: 56 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 75 and 76: 58 [2] Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara S
- Page 77 and 78: 60 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 79 and 80: 62 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 81 and 82: 64 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 83 and 84: 66 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 85 and 86: 68 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 87 and 88: 70 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 89 and 90: Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Trevis. Mi
- Page 91 and 92: 74 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 93 and 94: 76 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 95 and 96: PNEUMONOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
- Page 97 and 98: 80 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 99 and 100: 82 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 101 and 102: 84 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 103 and 104: 86 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 105 and 106: 88 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 107 and 108:
90 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 109 and 110:
92 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 111 and 112:
94 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 113 and 114:
96 Gustavo J. Martínez, Mara Sato
- Page 115 and 116:
98 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and And
- Page 117 and 118:
100 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 119 and 120:
102 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 121 and 122:
104 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 123 and 124:
106 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 125 and 126:
108 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 127 and 128:
110 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 129 and 130:
112 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 131 and 132:
114 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 133 and 134:
116 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 135 and 136:
118 HO HO HO HO HO HO OH OH M e Me
- Page 137 and 138:
120 Me Me OH Me O OH O O OH H Me OH
- Page 139 and 140:
122 HO HO HO Aracely E. Chávez-Pi
- Page 141 and 142:
124 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 143 and 144:
126 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 145 and 146:
128 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 147 and 148:
130 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 149 and 150:
132 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 151 and 152:
134 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 153 and 154:
136 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 155 and 156:
138 Aracely E. Chávez-Piña and An
- Page 157 and 158:
140 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 159 and 160:
142 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 161 and 162:
144 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 163 and 164:
146 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 165 and 166:
148 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 167 and 168:
150 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 169 and 170:
152 6.4. Antibacterial Effects Hua-
- Page 171 and 172:
154 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 173 and 174:
156 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 175 and 176:
158 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 177 and 178:
160 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 179 and 180:
162 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 181 and 182:
164 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 183 and 184:
166 Hua-Bin Li, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan
- Page 185 and 186:
168 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 187 and 188:
170 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 189 and 190:
172 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 191 and 192:
174 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 193 and 194:
176 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 195 and 196:
178 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 197 and 198:
180 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 199 and 200:
182 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 201 and 202:
184 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 203 and 204:
186 Vandana Gulati, Ian H. Harding
- Page 206 and 207:
In: Medicinal Plants: Classificatio
- Page 208 and 209:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 210 and 211:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 212 and 213:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 214 and 215:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 216 and 217:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 218:
Biomolecules with Anti-Mycobacteria
- Page 221 and 222:
204 Chien-Yi Chen Ligusticum chuanx
- Page 223 and 224:
206 Chien-Yi Chen (IAEA 336), also
- Page 225 and 226:
208 Chien-Yi Chen 4. Results and Di
- Page 227 and 228:
210 4.3. Fresh Leaves and Stems Chi
- Page 229 and 230:
212 Chien-Yi Chen collected from na
- Page 231 and 232:
214 Chien-Yi Chen primary enzyme in
- Page 233 and 234:
216 Chien-Yi Chen [20] Liu SM, Chun
- Page 235 and 236:
218 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 237 and 238:
220 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 239 and 240:
222 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 241 and 242:
224 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 243 and 244:
226 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 245 and 246:
228 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 247 and 248:
230 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 249 and 250:
232 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 251 and 252:
234 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 253 and 254:
236 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 255 and 256:
238 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 257 and 258:
240 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 259 and 260:
242 S.M.M. Vasconcelos, J.E.R. Hon
- Page 261 and 262:
244 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 263 and 264:
246 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 265 and 266:
248 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 267 and 268:
250 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 269 and 270:
252 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 271 and 272:
254 Sônia Sin Singer Brugiolo, Luc
- Page 273 and 274:
256 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Keyword
- Page 275 and 276:
258 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn No addi
- Page 277 and 278:
260 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn The rob
- Page 279 and 280:
262 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Validat
- Page 281 and 282:
264 Naphthodianthrones C.W. Huck an
- Page 283 and 284:
266 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Figure
- Page 285 and 286:
268 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn Figure
- Page 287 and 288:
270 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn hierarc
- Page 289 and 290:
272 C.W. Huck and G.K. Bonn [17] Hu
- Page 292 and 293:
In: Medicinal Plants Classification
- Page 294 and 295:
What is the Future of Phytotherapy?
- Page 296 and 297:
In: Medicinal Plants Classification
- Page 298 and 299:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 300 and 301:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 302 and 303:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 304 and 305:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 306 and 307:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 308 and 309:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 310 and 311:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 312 and 313:
Origins Targets Neisseria meningiti
- Page 314 and 315:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 316 and 317:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 318 and 319:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 320 and 321:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 322 and 323:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 324 and 325:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 326 and 327:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 328 and 329:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 330:
Quality Control of Polysaccharides
- Page 333 and 334:
316 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 335 and 336:
318 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 337 and 338:
320 2.7. General Toxicity Tests Phi
- Page 339 and 340:
322 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 341 and 342:
324 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 343 and 344:
326 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 345 and 346:
328 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 347 and 348:
330 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 349 and 350:
332 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 351 and 352:
334 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 353 and 354:
336 Philippe N. Okusa, Caroline Ste
- Page 355 and 356:
338 age-related macular degeneratio
- Page 357 and 358:
340 B lymphocytes, 7 babies, 60, 62
- Page 359 and 360:
342 cell surface, 229 cellular adhe
- Page 361 and 362:
344 cultivation, 75, 76, 83, 85, 14
- Page 363 and 364:
346 embryonic stem cells, 47 emotio
- Page 365 and 366:
348 gas, xiii, 21, 104, 131, 145, 1
- Page 367 and 368:
350 high-performance liquid chromat
- Page 369 and 370:
352 institutions, 84 instruments, 2
- Page 371 and 372:
354 lung, ix, 1, 6, 16, 17, 22, 23,
- Page 373 and 374:
356 mucosa, x, 2, 19, 97, 98, 99, 1
- Page 375 and 376:
358 oxidative, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13,
- Page 377 and 378:
360 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 10
- Page 379 and 380:
362 Reserpine, 328 reservation, 143
- Page 381 and 382:
364 SPT, 135 squamous cell carcinom
- Page 383 and 384:
366 transcription, 8, 35, 152 trans