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Glossary
2G (second-generation Mobile System). Second-generation protocols using digital encoding and
including GSM, D-AMPS (TDMA) and CDMA. 2G networks are in current use all over Europe and other
parts of the world. These protocols support high bit rate voice and limited data communications. 2G
networks technology offer auxiliary services such as data, fax and SMS. Most 2G protocols offer different
levels of encryption.
3G (third-generation Mobile System). Third-generation wireless service, designed to provide high data
speeds, always-on data access, and greater voice capacity.
3G networks technology provide to transfer both voice data services (telephony, messaging) and nonvoice
data (such as downloading Internet information, exchanging email, and instant messaging). The
high data speeds, measured in Mbps, are significantly higher than 2G and, 3G networks technology
enable full motion video, high-speed internet access and video-conferencing. 3G technology standards
include UMTS, based on WCDMA technology (quite often the two terms are used interchangeably) and
CDMA2000.
ADR . Agreement concerning the international carriage of Dangerous goods by Road.
ADS (American Depositary shares)/ ADR (American Depositary Receipt): Used for the listing of Telecom
Italia ordinary and savings shares on the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). The ordinary and savings
ADS representing, respectively, 10 ordinary shares and 10 savings shares of Telecom Italia.
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line). A modem technology which converts existing twisted-pair
telephone lines into access paths for multimedia and high-speed data communications. ADSL can
transmit up to 6 Mbps to a subscriber, and as much as 832 Kbps or more in both directions. Such rates
expand existing access capacity by a factor of 50 or more without new cabling.
Backbone. Network portion with the highest traffic intensity and from which the connections for services
in the local areas depart.
Bitstream. Wholesale Broadband access service which consists of supplying an access to XDSL Telecom
Italia network and a transmission capacity to the network of another OLO.
BroadBand services. Services characterized by a transmission speed of 2 Mbit/s or more. According to
international standards, these services are divided into two categories: (i) Interactive services, including
videotelephone/videoconferencing (both point-to-point and multipoint); videomonitoring; interconnection
of local networks; file transfer; CAD; highspeed fax; e-mail for moving images or mixed documents;
broadband videotex; Video on demand; retrieval of sound programs or fixed and moving images; and (ii)
Broadcast services, such as sound programs, television programs (including high-definition TV and pay
TV) and selective document acquisition.
Broadcast. Simultaneous transmission of information to all nodes and terminal equipment of a network.
BSS (Business Support System). The system used by network operators to manage business operations
such as billing, sales management, customer-service management and customer databases. A type of
Operations Support System (OSS).
Report on Operations Glossary 140