Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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histomorphometric data characterizing the human skeleton and its remodelling processes. The structure of the model in given in Figure 3.1.9 where it can be compared with the ICRP 67 original skeleton model. Daily transferred activity [d -1 ] 1E-1 1E-2 1E-3 1E-4 1E-5 Figure 3.1.8 Fraction of Plutonium uptake transferred per unit time from the most relevant compartments to blood for the model coded ICRP67-a. cortical marrow cortical surface cortical volume blood trabecular marrow trabecular surface trabecular volume Figure 3.1.9 Structure of the skeletal models in ICRP 67 (a) and Polig [157] (b). 98 cortical marrow cortical surface cortical volume soft tissue ST0 soft tissue ST1 skeleton liver small intestine 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post injection blood a) b) trabecular marrow trabecular surface trabecular volume
The structure of Polig’s skeleton model is characterized by an initial deposition on both surface and volume bone compartments and not only on cortical surface as assumed in ICRP 67 model. Furthermore a transfer of activity from volume to surface compartments (dashed arrows in Figure 3.1.9) is theoretically introduced to achieve maximum generality in skeleton modelling by considering a possible local recirculation too. As presently there is no experimental evidence of such process, it was not longer considered in this skeleton model. The two models differ in the transfer rates values too, as given in Table 3.1.6. Table 3.1.6 Transfer rates of the skeletal models in ICRP 67 and Polig [157]. Parameter 99 Value [d -1 ]. ICRP 67 Polig Blood compartment to Trabecular surface 0.1941 0.226 Blood compartment to Trabecular volume N.A. 0.0716 Blood compartment to Cortical surface 0.1294 0.0952 Blood compartment to Cortical volume N.A. 0.00448 Trabecular surface to marrow 0.000493 0.00159 Trabecular volume to marrow 0.000493 0.00159 Trabecular surface to volume 0.000247 N.A. Cortical surface to marrow 0.0000821 0.000156 Cortical volume to marrow 0.0000821 0.0000822 Cortical surface to volume 0.0000411 N.A. Trabecular/Cortical marrow to blood compartment 0.0076 0.0076 By comparing the transfer rates for the two skeletal models it can be pointed out that Polig’s model is characterized by a higher transfer of activity to the trabecular bone (+53%) and slightly smaller (-23%) to the cortical bone. The final effect is a generally higher activity transfer to the whole skeleton. Furthermore the skeletal transfer rates of Polig’s model are generally higher then those ones of ICRP 67 model. On the basis of such preliminary considerations two aspects will characterize Polig’s model in comparison to ICRP 67 one: • initial higher deposition into the skeleton; • a lower retention in the skeleton at long time with a higher transfer of activity to the blood compartment. These considerations are confirmed by analyzing the biokinetics of Plutonium in a study compartmental model composed by just a transfer (blood) compartment connected to the skeletal model (Polig or ICRP67). The activity retention in skeleton and blood compartments was calculated and is presented in Figure 3.1.10 for both skeletal models. As preliminarily argued on the basis of the transfer rates in Table 3.1.6, the initial amount retained in the skeleton is slightly higher if Polig’s model is adopted. More significantly at intermediate and long time Polig’s skeletal model predicts a lower Plutonium retention than ICRP 67 and, consequently, the blood compartment contains a higher amount of activity. For example at 1,000 days post intake the use of Polig’s skeletal model yields skeleton and blood
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der
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Für diesen Bericht behalten wir un
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i ABSTRACT The biokinetic model pre
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das von der Interna
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1 INDEX OF CONTENTS INDEX OF SYMBOL
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3 INDEX OF SYMBOLS Here a short glo
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Chapter 1 Introduction 5
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the duties of the Department for Ra
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adionuclide. Therefore only isotope
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stabilise the +4 oxidation state [1
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techniques adopted in the early pha
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present in spent and MOX reactor fu
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INTRAVENOUS INJECTION skin WOUND bl
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functions, defined as retained and
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the contamination event, of such as
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Table 1.3.2 Indicative 239 Pu detec
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The kinetics of Plutonium in the ki
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1.4.2 COMMENTS ON THE ICRP 67 MODEL
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Chapter 2 Data and measurements 31
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Therefore the radiolysis process, m
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Recent technologic developments in
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eu(t) = 0.19e −0.272t + 0.023e
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function for each of the considered
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the minimum detectable activity of
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2.2.2 AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS Immedi
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Table 2.2.4 Daily fecal excretion o
Page 58 and 59: elements the spectral distribution
Page 60 and 61: The phoswich detector is based on t
Page 62 and 63: HPGe crystals are produced in cylin
Page 64 and 65: This quantity is normally expressed
Page 66 and 67: The peak is located in the region B
Page 68 and 69: To introduce the second quantity, t
Page 70 and 71: 117 cm 3 h -1 for the incoming and
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.3.8 The Lawrence Livermore
Page 74 and 75: three detectors are used. Two detec
Page 76 and 77: Table 2.3.4 Efficiency factors of p
Page 78 and 79: • the necessity of performing mea
Page 80 and 81: Table 2.3.7 Impulses in the measure
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BIOASS
Page 84 and 85: If more then one radionuclide is ma
Page 86 and 87: L A is the air layer in µgcm -2 ;
Page 88 and 89: The electrodeposition cell used for
Page 90 and 91: Table 2.4.1 238 Pu, 239 Pu and 241
Page 93 and 94: 3.1.1 MATHEMATICAL TOOLS 3.1.1.1 So
Page 95 and 96: calculating the amount of Plutonium
Page 97 and 98: 3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF THE ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 99 and 100: empirical curves given by Langham,
Page 101 and 102: the worst performance of the group.
Page 103 and 104: leave the total clearance from the
Page 105 and 106: Figure 3.1.4 shows that the use of
Page 107: 3.1.3 MODIFICATION OF ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 111 and 112: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 113 and 114: of 0.693d -1 . The values of the F
Page 117 and 118: the basis of all the reference data
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.1.10 Transfer rates of the
Page 121 and 122: 3.1.4 VERIFICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.1.13 Intakes and percentage
Page 125 and 126: soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 sof
Page 127 and 128: For the routine application of Mode
Page 129 and 130: excreted by individuals aged sixty
Page 131 and 132: Table 3.1.20 Exponents and coeffici
Page 133 and 134: tract [57] to consider a contaminat
Page 135 and 136: The sensitivity coefficients for th
Page 137 and 138: Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure
Page 139 and 140: transfer rates on the Plutonium uri
Page 141 and 142: Geometric standard deviations rangi
Page 147 and 148: 3.2 APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MO
Page 149 and 150: lymph nodes, as in the LLNL phantom
Page 151 and 152: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 153 and 154: Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1
Page 155 and 156: long time is not yet described by t
Page 157 and 158: excretion that is one of the main i
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The comparison of model’s predict
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Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
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153 CONCLUSIONS The optimized model
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Annex Quantities used in Radiologic
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present. As the radiation weighting
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w R is the radiation weighting fact
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161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Plutonium. W. K
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29. Nenot, J.-C. and Stather, J. W.
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55. International Atomic Energy Age
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81. Crowley, J., Lanz, H., Scott, K
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107. Hempelmann, L.H., Langham,W.H.
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137. Breitestein, B.D., Newton, C.E
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167. Harrison, J.D., Khursheed, A.,
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JOURNALS OWN PUBLICATIONS RELATED T
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177 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks
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Name: Andrea Luciani Date and place
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Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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