Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1E+0 1E-1 1E-2 1E-3 1E-4 Measurements for for 239Pu+240Pu 239 Pu+ 240 Pu Model predictions for for 239Pu+240Pu 239 Pu+ 240 Pu Measurements for for 238Pu 238 Pu Model predictions for for 238Pu 238 Pu 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post intake Figure 3.2.4 Measurements and model predictions for Plutonium activity excreted in urine for the Scenario 1 of contamination (see Table 3.2.1). Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1E+1 1E+0 1E-1 1E-2 1E-3 1E-4 Measurements for 239Pu+240Pu 239 Pu+ 240 Pu Model predictions for 239Pu+240Pu 239 Pu+ 240 Pu Measurements for 238Pu 238 Pu Model predictions for 238Pu 238 Pu 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post intake Figure 3.2.5 Measurements and model predictions for Plutonium activity excreted in urine for the Scenario 2 of contamination (see Table 3.2.1). 142
Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1E+0 1E-1 1E-2 1E-3 1E-4 Measurements for 239Pu+240Pu 239 Pu+ 240 Pu Model predictions for 239Pu+240Pu 239 Pu+ 240 Pu Measurements for 238Pu 238 Pu Model predictions for 238Pu 238 Pu 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post intake Figure 3.2.6 Measurements and model predictions for Americium activity excreted in urine for the Scenario 3 of contamination (see Table 3.2.1). Model’s predictions for the urinary excretion of Plutonium were also evaluated for the same previous scenarios. The intakes calculated on the basis of the Americium activity retained in the lungs were multiplied by the model’s predictions for the urinary excretion per unit of intake (e u(t)). The resulting values are presented with the available measurements for comparison purposes in Figure 3.2.4, Figure 3.2.5 and Figure 3.2.6 for the scenarios of contamination number 1, 2 and 3, respectively (Table 3.2.1). Model’s predictions for Americium in the lungs and the urinary excretion of Plutonium clearly point out that the basic assumption characterizing the scenario 2 of the contamination (absorption type M for Plutonium) is not realistic. The predicted Americium retention in lungs considerably underestimates the experimental data already after 100 days post intake (Figure 3.2.2). Furthermore the intake evaluated from Americium lung retention data at short time (for which model’s predictions are still good) determine a model’s urinary excretion of Plutonium in disagreement with the relating experimental findings (Figure 3.2.5). Therefore such scenario of contamination was not considered anymore and all the attention was then focalised on the scenarios 1 and 3. From the plots relating to the Americium burden in the lungs it can be pointed out that the retained activity at short time (up to about 100 days post intake) is mainly due to directly inhaled Americium. On the contrary, at long time, the activity in lungs is mainly due to the Americium ingrowth from 241 Pu decay. For both the scenarios 1 and 3 model’s predictions for the Americium lung retention at short time and the urinary excretion of Plutonium up to 2,000 days post intake fit the experimental findings. Therefore the assumptions on the absorption type for the Plutonium (type S) and for the Americium directly inhaled (type M), common to both scenarios, seems to be appropriate. It should be pointed out that only the Plutonium 143
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der
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Für diesen Bericht behalten wir un
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i ABSTRACT The biokinetic model pre
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das von der Interna
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1 INDEX OF CONTENTS INDEX OF SYMBOL
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3 INDEX OF SYMBOLS Here a short glo
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Chapter 1 Introduction 5
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the duties of the Department for Ra
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adionuclide. Therefore only isotope
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stabilise the +4 oxidation state [1
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techniques adopted in the early pha
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present in spent and MOX reactor fu
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INTRAVENOUS INJECTION skin WOUND bl
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functions, defined as retained and
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the contamination event, of such as
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Table 1.3.2 Indicative 239 Pu detec
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The kinetics of Plutonium in the ki
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1.4.2 COMMENTS ON THE ICRP 67 MODEL
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Chapter 2 Data and measurements 31
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Therefore the radiolysis process, m
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Recent technologic developments in
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eu(t) = 0.19e −0.272t + 0.023e
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function for each of the considered
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the minimum detectable activity of
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2.2.2 AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS Immedi
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Table 2.2.4 Daily fecal excretion o
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elements the spectral distribution
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The phoswich detector is based on t
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HPGe crystals are produced in cylin
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This quantity is normally expressed
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The peak is located in the region B
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To introduce the second quantity, t
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117 cm 3 h -1 for the incoming and
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Figure 2.3.8 The Lawrence Livermore
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three detectors are used. Two detec
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Table 2.3.4 Efficiency factors of p
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• the necessity of performing mea
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Table 2.3.7 Impulses in the measure
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2.4 ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BIOASS
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If more then one radionuclide is ma
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L A is the air layer in µgcm -2 ;
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The electrodeposition cell used for
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Table 2.4.1 238 Pu, 239 Pu and 241
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3.1.1 MATHEMATICAL TOOLS 3.1.1.1 So
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calculating the amount of Plutonium
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3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF THE ICRP 67 MODEL
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empirical curves given by Langham,
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Page 105 and 106: Figure 3.1.4 shows that the use of
Page 107 and 108: 3.1.3 MODIFICATION OF ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 109 and 110: The structure of Polig’s skeleton
Page 111 and 112: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 113 and 114: of 0.693d -1 . The values of the F
Page 117 and 118: the basis of all the reference data
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.1.10 Transfer rates of the
Page 121 and 122: 3.1.4 VERIFICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.1.13 Intakes and percentage
Page 125 and 126: soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 sof
Page 127 and 128: For the routine application of Mode
Page 129 and 130: excreted by individuals aged sixty
Page 131 and 132: Table 3.1.20 Exponents and coeffici
Page 133 and 134: tract [57] to consider a contaminat
Page 135 and 136: The sensitivity coefficients for th
Page 137 and 138: Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure
Page 139 and 140: transfer rates on the Plutonium uri
Page 141 and 142: Geometric standard deviations rangi
Page 147 and 148: 3.2 APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MO
Page 149 and 150: lymph nodes, as in the LLNL phantom
Page 151: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 155 and 156: long time is not yet described by t
Page 157 and 158: excretion that is one of the main i
Page 159 and 160: The comparison of model’s predict
Page 161 and 162: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 163 and 164: 153 CONCLUSIONS The optimized model
Page 165 and 166: Annex Quantities used in Radiologic
Page 167 and 168: present. As the radiation weighting
Page 169 and 170: w R is the radiation weighting fact
Page 171 and 172: 161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Plutonium. W. K
Page 173 and 174: 29. Nenot, J.-C. and Stather, J. W.
Page 175 and 176: 55. International Atomic Energy Age
Page 177 and 178: 81. Crowley, J., Lanz, H., Scott, K
Page 179 and 180: 107. Hempelmann, L.H., Langham,W.H.
Page 181 and 182: 137. Breitestein, B.D., Newton, C.E
Page 183 and 184: 167. Harrison, J.D., Khursheed, A.,
Page 185 and 186: JOURNALS OWN PUBLICATIONS RELATED T
Page 187 and 188: 177 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks
Page 189 and 190: Name: Andrea Luciani Date and place
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Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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