Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure 3.1.24 Systemic sensitivity coefficients S i for the Plutonium activity in blood assessed with the Model-b. Only the transfer rates with | S i|>0.1 at least for one time point are shown. The sensitivity analysis of the parameters of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal models was performed just for the most important and common bioassay, i.e. the activity in urine. In case of contamination via ingestion it turns out that the most important parameter is the uptake factor f 1, whose sensitivity coefficient is always equal to +1.0 at any time point. This was observed in similar sensitivity analysis [166]. The transfer rate from the small intestine to the upper large intestine (ULI) is also significant for some time points because it affects the value of the f 1. In case of inhalation the sensitivity coefficients for the transfer rates of the respiratory tract model that have an absolute value greater than 0.1, at least for one time point and for one absorption type, are presented in Figure 3.1.25 and Figure 3.1.26 for type M and S, respectively. It turns out that for type M the only significant parameters are the absorption parameters s p, s pt and s t and the transfer rate from the ET2 extrathoracic compartment to the gastrointestinal tract. In case of inhalation of a compound with a slow rate of absorption into blood (type S) the transfer rates from the three compartments of the alveolar-interstitial region to the bb1 compartment of the bronchiolar region become significant, particularly at long time after inhalation. In any case the sensitivity analysis seems to indicate that the urinary excretion of Plutonium is not particularly sensitive to the clearance rates of all the other compartments related to the particle transport in the bronchial and bronchiolar regions. 126
Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure 3.1.25 Pre-systemic sensitivity coefficients S i for the urinary excretion of Plutonium assessed with the Model-b connected to ICRP 66 respiratory model (type M). Only the transfer rates with | S i|>0.1 at least for one time point and one absorption type are shown. Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure 3.1.26 Pre-systemic sensitivity coefficients Si for the urinary excretion of Plutonium assessed the Model-b connected to ICRP 66 respiratory model (type S). Only the transfer rates with | S i|>0.1 at least for one time point and one absorption type are shown. 127
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der
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Für diesen Bericht behalten wir un
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i ABSTRACT The biokinetic model pre
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das von der Interna
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1 INDEX OF CONTENTS INDEX OF SYMBOL
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3 INDEX OF SYMBOLS Here a short glo
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Chapter 1 Introduction 5
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the duties of the Department for Ra
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adionuclide. Therefore only isotope
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stabilise the +4 oxidation state [1
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techniques adopted in the early pha
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present in spent and MOX reactor fu
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INTRAVENOUS INJECTION skin WOUND bl
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functions, defined as retained and
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the contamination event, of such as
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Table 1.3.2 Indicative 239 Pu detec
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The kinetics of Plutonium in the ki
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1.4.2 COMMENTS ON THE ICRP 67 MODEL
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Chapter 2 Data and measurements 31
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Therefore the radiolysis process, m
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Recent technologic developments in
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eu(t) = 0.19e −0.272t + 0.023e
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function for each of the considered
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the minimum detectable activity of
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2.2.2 AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS Immedi
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Table 2.2.4 Daily fecal excretion o
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elements the spectral distribution
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The phoswich detector is based on t
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HPGe crystals are produced in cylin
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This quantity is normally expressed
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The peak is located in the region B
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To introduce the second quantity, t
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117 cm 3 h -1 for the incoming and
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Figure 2.3.8 The Lawrence Livermore
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three detectors are used. Two detec
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Table 2.3.4 Efficiency factors of p
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• the necessity of performing mea
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Table 2.3.7 Impulses in the measure
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2.4 ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BIOASS
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If more then one radionuclide is ma
Page 86 and 87: L A is the air layer in µgcm -2 ;
Page 88 and 89: The electrodeposition cell used for
Page 90 and 91: Table 2.4.1 238 Pu, 239 Pu and 241
Page 93 and 94: 3.1.1 MATHEMATICAL TOOLS 3.1.1.1 So
Page 95 and 96: calculating the amount of Plutonium
Page 97 and 98: 3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF THE ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 99 and 100: empirical curves given by Langham,
Page 101 and 102: the worst performance of the group.
Page 103 and 104: leave the total clearance from the
Page 105 and 106: Figure 3.1.4 shows that the use of
Page 107 and 108: 3.1.3 MODIFICATION OF ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 109 and 110: The structure of Polig’s skeleton
Page 111 and 112: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 113 and 114: of 0.693d -1 . The values of the F
Page 117 and 118: the basis of all the reference data
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.1.10 Transfer rates of the
Page 121 and 122: 3.1.4 VERIFICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.1.13 Intakes and percentage
Page 125 and 126: soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 sof
Page 127 and 128: For the routine application of Mode
Page 129 and 130: excreted by individuals aged sixty
Page 131 and 132: Table 3.1.20 Exponents and coeffici
Page 133 and 134: tract [57] to consider a contaminat
Page 135: The sensitivity coefficients for th
Page 139 and 140: transfer rates on the Plutonium uri
Page 141 and 142: Geometric standard deviations rangi
Page 147 and 148: 3.2 APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MO
Page 149 and 150: lymph nodes, as in the LLNL phantom
Page 151 and 152: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 153 and 154: Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1
Page 155 and 156: long time is not yet described by t
Page 157 and 158: excretion that is one of the main i
Page 159 and 160: The comparison of model’s predict
Page 161 and 162: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 163 and 164: 153 CONCLUSIONS The optimized model
Page 165 and 166: Annex Quantities used in Radiologic
Page 167 and 168: present. As the radiation weighting
Page 169 and 170: w R is the radiation weighting fact
Page 171 and 172: 161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Plutonium. W. K
Page 173 and 174: 29. Nenot, J.-C. and Stather, J. W.
Page 175 and 176: 55. International Atomic Energy Age
Page 177 and 178: 81. Crowley, J., Lanz, H., Scott, K
Page 179 and 180: 107. Hempelmann, L.H., Langham,W.H.
Page 181 and 182: 137. Breitestein, B.D., Newton, C.E
Page 183 and 184: 167. Harrison, J.D., Khursheed, A.,
Page 185 and 186: JOURNALS OWN PUBLICATIONS RELATED T
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177 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks
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Name: Andrea Luciani Date and place
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