Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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from the ICRP 67 model. At the top there is also a brief explanation from which experimental data (urinary excretion, fecal excretion, blood content or partitioning ratio from autopsy studies) they were estimated or calculated. The affected compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are also included. The main characteristics of the work models that are introduced and discussed in the presented paragraph are summarized in Table 3.1.11. 1 Transfer rates derived from blood activity 2 Transfer rates optimized on urinary excretion soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 soft tissue ST1 Deleted Connection 1 kidney tissue urinary path 2 gonads liver 2 liver 1 bladder content urine 2 2 3 blood cortical marrow cortical surface cortical volume Figure 3.1.12 The starting model in the optimization procedure (ICRP67-a-Polig) with the affected gastrointestinal tract compartments. The transfer rates successively modified are also pointed out with numbered arrows. First of all Figure 3.1.8 suggests that the transfer rate from the ST0 soft tissue compartment almost exclusively determines the activity in the blood for the first 20 days after the injection. At longer time the effect is approximately constant and comparable to the contribution of other organs and tissues. Therefore this pathway was inspected first for the possibility of improving the model’s predictions for activity in blood at short time (Figure 3.1.7) just by varying the transfer rate from ST0 compartment to the blood. For this purpose blood activity content was calculated by adopting transfer rate values uniformly distributed around the ICRP67 transfer rate assumed as central value. For each transfer rate the value of the F target function was calculated using the reference data set for blood activity content at short time. It turns out that a value of 0.139 d -1 (half-life 5 d) for the transfer rate from compartment ST0 to blood (arrow 1 in Figure 3.1.12) is more appropriate than the ICRP value 102 3 Transfer rates derived from autopsy data 4 Transfer rates derived from fecal excretion 3 trabecular marrow trabecular surface trabecular volume Modified skeleton model 4 4 small intestine upper large intestine lower large intestine feces
of 0.693d -1 . The values of the F target function calculated for the blood reference data by adopting this new transfer rate are shown in Table 3.1.7. With the new value of the parameter implemented in the model (ICRP67-a-Polig-ST0) the function F calculated on the experimental data for blood activity decreases by a factor of about 300 of the ICRP value (second column in Table 3.1.7). This change of the ST0 clearance rate also yields a fecal excretion that is more consistent with Langham’s data for the first 50 days. The function F, calculated from the experimental data for fecal excretion, reduces by factor 9 of the value calculated with the ICRP parameter (third column in Table 3.1.7). Just for comparison, the F values calculated for the other models previously introduced and discussed are also given. The curves for Plutonium activity in feces and blood calculated on the basis of the new transfer rate are shown in Figure 3.1.13 and Figure 3.1.14, respectively, in comparison with the reference data and the predictions based on some preliminary models. Table 3.1.7 Values of the F target function using original and modified versions of ICRP 67 model. Percentage blood retention [%] 1E+2 1E+1 1E+0 1E-1 1E-2 Model 103 F value Blood Feces ICRP67 3068 241 ICRP67-a 1285 226 ICRP67-a-Polig 461 510 ICRP67-a-Polig-ST0 11 27 experimental data ICRP67 ICRP67-a ICRP67-a-Polig ICRP67-a-Polig-ST0 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post injection Figure 3.1.13 Reference data set and ICRP 67 original and modified versions predictions for percentage blood content of Plutonium.
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der
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Für diesen Bericht behalten wir un
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i ABSTRACT The biokinetic model pre
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das von der Interna
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1 INDEX OF CONTENTS INDEX OF SYMBOL
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3 INDEX OF SYMBOLS Here a short glo
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Chapter 1 Introduction 5
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the duties of the Department for Ra
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adionuclide. Therefore only isotope
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stabilise the +4 oxidation state [1
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techniques adopted in the early pha
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present in spent and MOX reactor fu
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INTRAVENOUS INJECTION skin WOUND bl
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functions, defined as retained and
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the contamination event, of such as
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Table 1.3.2 Indicative 239 Pu detec
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The kinetics of Plutonium in the ki
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1.4.2 COMMENTS ON THE ICRP 67 MODEL
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Chapter 2 Data and measurements 31
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Therefore the radiolysis process, m
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Recent technologic developments in
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eu(t) = 0.19e −0.272t + 0.023e
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function for each of the considered
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the minimum detectable activity of
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2.2.2 AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS Immedi
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Table 2.2.4 Daily fecal excretion o
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elements the spectral distribution
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The phoswich detector is based on t
Page 62 and 63: HPGe crystals are produced in cylin
Page 64 and 65: This quantity is normally expressed
Page 66 and 67: The peak is located in the region B
Page 68 and 69: To introduce the second quantity, t
Page 70 and 71: 117 cm 3 h -1 for the incoming and
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.3.8 The Lawrence Livermore
Page 74 and 75: three detectors are used. Two detec
Page 76 and 77: Table 2.3.4 Efficiency factors of p
Page 78 and 79: • the necessity of performing mea
Page 80 and 81: Table 2.3.7 Impulses in the measure
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BIOASS
Page 84 and 85: If more then one radionuclide is ma
Page 86 and 87: L A is the air layer in µgcm -2 ;
Page 88 and 89: The electrodeposition cell used for
Page 90 and 91: Table 2.4.1 238 Pu, 239 Pu and 241
Page 93 and 94: 3.1.1 MATHEMATICAL TOOLS 3.1.1.1 So
Page 95 and 96: calculating the amount of Plutonium
Page 97 and 98: 3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF THE ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 99 and 100: empirical curves given by Langham,
Page 101 and 102: the worst performance of the group.
Page 103 and 104: leave the total clearance from the
Page 105 and 106: Figure 3.1.4 shows that the use of
Page 107 and 108: 3.1.3 MODIFICATION OF ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 109 and 110: The structure of Polig’s skeleton
Page 111: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 115 and 116: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 117 and 118: the basis of all the reference data
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.1.10 Transfer rates of the
Page 121 and 122: 3.1.4 VERIFICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.1.13 Intakes and percentage
Page 125 and 126: soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 sof
Page 127 and 128: For the routine application of Mode
Page 129 and 130: excreted by individuals aged sixty
Page 131 and 132: Table 3.1.20 Exponents and coeffici
Page 133 and 134: tract [57] to consider a contaminat
Page 135 and 136: The sensitivity coefficients for th
Page 137 and 138: Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure
Page 139 and 140: transfer rates on the Plutonium uri
Page 141 and 142: Geometric standard deviations rangi
Page 147 and 148: 3.2 APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MO
Page 149 and 150: lymph nodes, as in the LLNL phantom
Page 151 and 152: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 153 and 154: Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1
Page 155 and 156: long time is not yet described by t
Page 157 and 158: excretion that is one of the main i
Page 159 and 160: The comparison of model’s predict
Page 161 and 162: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
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153 CONCLUSIONS The optimized model
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Annex Quantities used in Radiologic
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present. As the radiation weighting
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w R is the radiation weighting fact
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161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Plutonium. W. K
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29. Nenot, J.-C. and Stather, J. W.
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55. International Atomic Energy Age
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81. Crowley, J., Lanz, H., Scott, K
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107. Hempelmann, L.H., Langham,W.H.
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137. Breitestein, B.D., Newton, C.E
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167. Harrison, J.D., Khursheed, A.,
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JOURNALS OWN PUBLICATIONS RELATED T
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177 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks
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Name: Andrea Luciani Date and place
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Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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