Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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The kinetics of Plutonium in the kidneys is modelled by two compartments: One represents the kidney tissue exchanging activity with the blood, and another describing the urinary path through which the Plutonium reaches the urinary bladder. The activity accumulated in the urinary bladder is excreted with the urine. Three paths contribute to the activity in this compartment: The direct transfer from the blood, the blood contribution through the urinary path and the transfer of activity from the soft tissue compartment ST1. The fecal excretion of Plutonium is also modelled. The systemic activity is transferred to the gastrointestinal tract via two pathways: From the first liver compartment to the small intestine (biliary secretion), and from the blood to the upper large intestine. These paths describe the contribution to the fecal excretion of Plutonium at short and long times after exposure. The model is appropriate to simulate the metabolism of Plutonium both in male and female subjects. As mentioned before, gender specific transfer rates are given only for the gonads (testes and ovaries). Age specific transfer rates are defined by ICRP for six age classes: 3 months, 1, 5, 10 and 15 years and adults. Here an adult is a person at least 25 years old, whereas in previous publications of the ICRP concerning the biokinetics of other radionuclides, an adult was defined as at least 20 years old. The 25-rule is also used here for the development of new models, because the skeletal transfer rates are equated with bone formation rates, which are still elevated with respect to the mature skeleton at the beginning of the third decade of life. The transfer rates for an adult subject, useful for the monitoring of an internal contamination from an occupational exposure, are given in Table 1.4.1. soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 soft tissue ST1 gonads liver 2 liver 1 kidney tissue urinary path bladder content urine blood cortical marrow cortical surface cortical volume Figure 1.4.1 The ICRP systemic model for Plutonium biokinetics. The affected gastrointestinal compartments are also shown. 26 trabecular marrow trabecular surface trabecular volume small intestine upper large intestine lower large intestine feces
Table 1.4.1 Transfer rates for the ICRP biokinetic model for Plutonium. Compartments Transfer rates [d -1 ] Blood to liver 0.1941 Blood to cortical surface 0.1294 Blood to trabecular surface 0.1941 Blood to urinary bladder content 0.0129 Blood to urinary path 0.00647 Blood to other kidney tissue 0.00323 Blood to ULI contents 0.0129 Blood to testes 0.00023 Blood to ovaries 0.000071 Blood to ST0 0.2773 Blood to ST1 0.0806 Blood to ST2 0.0129 ST0 to blood 0.693 Urinary path to urinary bladder content 0.01386 Other kidney tissue to blood 0.00139 ST1 to blood 0.000475 ST1 to urinary bladder content 0.000475 ST2 to blood 0.000019 Trabecular surface to volume 0.000247 Trabecular surface to marrow 0.000493 Cortical surface to volume 0.0000411 Cortical surface to marrow 0.0000821 Trabecular volume to marrow 0.000493 Cortical volume to marrow 0.0000821 Cortical marrow to blood 0.0076 Trabecular marrow to blood 0.0076 Liver 1 to Liver 2 0.00177 Liver 1 to Small Intestine 0.000133 Liver 2 to Blood 0.000211 Gonads to blood 0.00019 27
Page 1: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der
Page 4 and 5: Für diesen Bericht behalten wir un
Page 7 and 8: i ABSTRACT The biokinetic model pre
Page 9 and 10: ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das von der Interna
Page 11 and 12: 1 INDEX OF CONTENTS INDEX OF SYMBOL
Page 13 and 14: 3 INDEX OF SYMBOLS Here a short glo
Page 15: Chapter 1 Introduction 5
Page 18 and 19: the duties of the Department for Ra
Page 20 and 21: adionuclide. Therefore only isotope
Page 22 and 23: stabilise the +4 oxidation state [1
Page 24 and 25: techniques adopted in the early pha
Page 26 and 27: present in spent and MOX reactor fu
Page 28 and 29: INTRAVENOUS INJECTION skin WOUND bl
Page 30 and 31: functions, defined as retained and
Page 32 and 33: the contamination event, of such as
Page 34 and 35: Table 1.3.2 Indicative 239 Pu detec
Page 38 and 39: 1.4.2 COMMENTS ON THE ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 41: Chapter 2 Data and measurements 31
Page 44 and 45: Therefore the radiolysis process, m
Page 46 and 47: Recent technologic developments in
Page 48 and 49: eu(t) = 0.19e −0.272t + 0.023e
Page 50 and 51: function for each of the considered
Page 52 and 53: the minimum detectable activity of
Page 54 and 55: 2.2.2 AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS Immedi
Page 56 and 57: Table 2.2.4 Daily fecal excretion o
Page 58 and 59: elements the spectral distribution
Page 60 and 61: The phoswich detector is based on t
Page 62 and 63: HPGe crystals are produced in cylin
Page 64 and 65: This quantity is normally expressed
Page 66 and 67: The peak is located in the region B
Page 68 and 69: To introduce the second quantity, t
Page 70 and 71: 117 cm 3 h -1 for the incoming and
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.3.8 The Lawrence Livermore
Page 74 and 75: three detectors are used. Two detec
Page 76 and 77: Table 2.3.4 Efficiency factors of p
Page 78 and 79: • the necessity of performing mea
Page 80 and 81: Table 2.3.7 Impulses in the measure
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BIOASS
Page 84 and 85: If more then one radionuclide is ma
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L A is the air layer in µgcm -2 ;
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The electrodeposition cell used for
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Table 2.4.1 238 Pu, 239 Pu and 241
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3.1.1 MATHEMATICAL TOOLS 3.1.1.1 So
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calculating the amount of Plutonium
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3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF THE ICRP 67 MODEL
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empirical curves given by Langham,
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the worst performance of the group.
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leave the total clearance from the
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Figure 3.1.4 shows that the use of
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3.1.3 MODIFICATION OF ICRP 67 MODEL
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The structure of Polig’s skeleton
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Percentage daily urinary excretion
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of 0.693d -1 . The values of the F
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the basis of all the reference data
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Table 3.1.10 Transfer rates of the
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3.1.4 VERIFICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED
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Table 3.1.13 Intakes and percentage
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soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 sof
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For the routine application of Mode
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excreted by individuals aged sixty
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Table 3.1.20 Exponents and coeffici
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tract [57] to consider a contaminat
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The sensitivity coefficients for th
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Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure
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transfer rates on the Plutonium uri
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Geometric standard deviations rangi
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3.2 APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MO
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lymph nodes, as in the LLNL phantom
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Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
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Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1
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long time is not yet described by t
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excretion that is one of the main i
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The comparison of model’s predict
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Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
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153 CONCLUSIONS The optimized model
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Annex Quantities used in Radiologic
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present. As the radiation weighting
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w R is the radiation weighting fact
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161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Plutonium. W. K
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29. Nenot, J.-C. and Stather, J. W.
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55. International Atomic Energy Age
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81. Crowley, J., Lanz, H., Scott, K
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107. Hempelmann, L.H., Langham,W.H.
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137. Breitestein, B.D., Newton, C.E
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167. Harrison, J.D., Khursheed, A.,
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JOURNALS OWN PUBLICATIONS RELATED T
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177 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks
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Name: Andrea Luciani Date and place
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Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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